Mind-blowing Discoveries About Viruses and Their Relationship With Us

Summary

This video delves into the surprising and complex world of viruses, revealing recent discoveries that challenge our understanding of these microscopic organisms. It explores how certain viruses can protect plants during harsh conditions, how bacteriophages can enhance human cell metabolism, and the existence of 'viral satellites' that compete with other viruses. The video also discusses the potential dangers of ancient 'zombie viruses' reawakening due to climate change and the intriguing fact that space travel can reactivate dormant viruses. These findings highlight the diverse and often beneficial roles viruses play in the ecosystem and their potential impact on human health.

Takeaways

• 🌿 **Plant-Virus Symbiosis**: Some viruses, like the poty virus, can switch from harming to helping plants during stressful conditions like drought, by altering gene expression and potentially increasing survival rates.
• 🦠 **Bacteriophages and Mammals**: Bacteriophages, which infect bacteria, can also interact with mammalian cells in unexpected ways, such as increasing cell metabolism and promoting growth, similar to vitamins.
• 🔬 **Evolutionary Adaptations**: Viruses and bacteria co-evolve, with bacteria developing strategies like viscous substances to deter viruses, and viruses evolving longer tails to penetrate these defenses, especially in extreme environments like hot springs.
• 🧬 **Satellite Viruses**: Certain viruses can enter cells and remain dormant, waiting for another virus to infect the same cell, and then hijack its replication machinery to reproduce, effectively acting as a virus of a virus.
• 🌊 **Giant Viruses**: Giant viruses, like the Medusa virus, have complex replication processes and genomes that suggest they use host cells as energy factories, and their discovery challenges traditional views on the simplicity of viruses.
• 🚀 **Space and Viral Reactivation**: Dormant viruses, such as herpes, can reactivate in space, indicating that space travel may not be suitable for humans and that Earth's environment is crucial for our health.
• 🧊 **Zombie Viruses**: Ancient viruses, potentially thousands of years old, can remain active in permafrost and may become infectious again as the Arctic warms, posing potential risks to modern life.
• 🌍 **Virus Diversity**: The Yara virus, a giant virus with a largely unknown genome, highlights the vast diversity and unknown aspects of viral life that remain to be discovered and studied.
• 🦀 **Virus as Food**: Some marine organisms, like sponges, have evolved to consume viruses as a part of their diet, showcasing the complex relationships between viruses and other life forms.
• 🔍 **Ongoing Research**: The discoveries mentioned are just the beginning, and ongoing research is needed to fully understand the implications of these findings and the role of viruses in our world.
• 📈 **Positive Viral Impacts**: The script emphasizes that viruses are not always detrimental, as they can have surprisingly positive effects on life, challenging the traditional narrative of viruses as solely harmful entities.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video?

The video focuses on exploring the complex and often surprising interactions of viruses with life on Earth, highlighting recent discoveries that challenge traditional views of viruses as solely harmful entities.

How do some viruses help plants survive harsh conditions like drought?

Some viruses, such as the poty virus, can switch from being pathogenic to beneficial for plants under stress. They do this by altering certain genes to help the plant conserve water and adjust its circadian rhythm, thereby increasing the plant's chance of survival during drought.

What is the significance of bacteriophages in relation to human health?

Bacteriophages, which infect and replicate inside bacteria, can have a positive impact on human health. They can increase cell metabolism, strengthen cells, and regulate positive feedback loops, acting similarly to vitamins and promoting growth and resilience in human cells.

How do some viruses adapt to environmental changes?

Viruses can adapt to environmental changes by evolving new strategies and shapes. For instance, the 'Rapunzel bacteriophage' has evolved an unusually long tail to puncture bacteria with a viscous substance, allowing it to survive in harsh conditions like hot springs.

What are viral satellites and how do they function?

Viral satellites are a strategy evolved by some viruses to compete for cellular resources. They enter a cell, integrate their genes, and remain dormant until another virus tries to infect the same cell. They then hijack the cellular machinery meant for the other virus, effectively blocking its replication.

What is unique about the Medusa virus and its replication process?

The Medusa virus is unique because it replicates in a way that resembles more complex eukaryotic cells. It produces separate parts within the host cell using different genes and releases various particles that must recombine outside the cell to form a new Medusa virus.

How do giant viruses differ from typical viruses in terms of size and genetic content?

Giant viruses are significantly larger than typical viruses, often containing more genes. Some of these viruses, like the Yara virus, have genomes that include many proteins never seen before in any organism, highlighting the vast diversity and complexity of life that is yet to be explored.

What is the concern with ancient viruses being released from permafrost due to climate change?

The concern is that ancient viruses, potentially thousands of years old, may become active again as permafrost thaws. These viruses could infect modern life forms, and since they are so old, there may be no immunity to them, posing a potential threat to both wildlife and human populations.

How do some viruses behave in space?

In space, dormant viruses such as the herpes virus can reactivate. This has been observed in astronauts, where herpes infections have reawakened, suggesting that space travel may not be conducive to human health due to the potential for viral reactivation.

What is the role of viruses in the ocean ecosystem?

Viruses play a significant role in the ocean ecosystem by controlling bacterial populations. Some marine organisms, like sponges, have even adapted to consume viruses directly, with a typical sponge capable of consuming 98% of viruses it encounters.

What does the study of viruses teach us about the complexity of life?

The study of viruses, especially the discovery of giant viruses and their unique replication processes, highlights the vast complexity and diversity of life. It shows that there is still much to learn about the evolutionary relationships between different organisms and the potential roles viruses play in shaping life on Earth.

Outlines

00:00

🦠 The Surprising Role of Viruses in Nature

This paragraph discusses the complex and often positive relationship between viruses and life on Earth. It highlights the discovery that certain viruses, like the poty virus affecting plants, can switch from being harmful to beneficial under stressful conditions like drought. The paragraph also touches on the fact that viruses contribute to human DNA and play a role in human reproduction. Furthermore, it introduces the concept of viruses acting like vitamins, enhancing cell growth and resilience, and the potential implications of these findings for both wild plants and humans.

05:01

🌿 Viruses and the Coevolution with Bacteria

The focus of this paragraph is on bacteriophages, viruses that infect and replicate inside bacteria, which are among the most diverse and common entities on Earth. It discusses the discovery that T4 bacterial phages can be internalized by mammalian cells, enhancing cell metabolism and growth rather than causing harm. The paragraph also delves into the complex strategies viruses employ to enter cells, such as the Rapunzel bacteriophage with an unusually long tail for penetrating bacterial defenses. The concept of viral satellites is introduced, explaining how they can hijack a cell's machinery to block other viruses from replicating, highlighting the ongoing evolutionary arms race between viruses and bacteria.

10:02

🌊 Giant Viruses and Their Unusual Characteristics

This paragraph explores the fascinating world of giant viruses, which are significantly larger and more complex than typical viruses. It describes the unique replication process of the Medusa virus, which assembles itself outside the host cell from separate particles. The paragraph also mentions the discovery of extremely large viruses with genomes larger than some bacteria, suggesting they may bridge the gap between bacteria and viral organisms. The Yara virus is highlighted for its mysterious nature, containing mostly unknown genes, emphasizing the vast amount of undiscovered life and the infancy of modern biology.

15:02

🚀 Space, Zombies, and the Future of Virology

The final paragraph discusses the potential dangers of ancient 'zombie viruses' being revived due to climate change, as evidenced by the 2016 anthrax outbreak from permafrost. It also touches on the reactivation of dormant viruses like herpes in space, suggesting that humans may not be well-adapted to long-term space travel. The paragraph concludes with the intriguing fact that certain marine organisms, such as sponges, can consume and neutralize viruses, offering a glimpse into the diverse and complex interactions between viruses and other life forms on our planet.

Keywords

💡Viruses

Viruses are small infectious agents that can only replicate inside the living cells of a host organism. In the video, viruses are portrayed as having complex relationships with life on Earth, sometimes aiding in survival and other times causing diseases. The script discusses various types of viruses, including bacteriophages and giant viruses, and their surprising roles in the ecosystem.

💡Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect and replicate within bacterial cells. They are the most abundant and diverse entities on Earth, with potential applications as antibiotics. The video highlights the discovery that certain phages can also benefit mammalian cells by increasing metabolism and cell resilience, akin to vitamins.

💡Co-evolution

Co-evolution refers to the process by which two or more species influence each other's evolutionary path through processes such as competition, predation, or mutualism. In the context of the video, co-evolution is crucial in understanding how viruses and their hosts develop complex relationships, including the development of beneficial interactions between viruses and their hosts.

💡Giant Viruses

Giant viruses, also known as mega-viruses, are a class of viruses that are significantly larger than typical viruses and contain a more complex genome. They challenge the traditional definition of a virus and blur the line between viruses and cellular life forms. The video describes the discovery of these viruses, which have unique replication processes and may play a role in the evolution of life.

💡Zombie Viruses

Zombie viruses refer to ancient viruses that have been dormant in environments like permafrost but can potentially reactivate due to climate change. These viruses may contain genetic material that has not been seen in modern organisms, posing potential risks to ecosystems and human health.

💡Space and Viral Reactivation

The phenomenon where dormant viruses, such as herpes, reactivate in the unique conditions of space. This reactivation can pose health risks to astronauts and suggests that long-term space travel may have unforeseen biological consequences.

💡Viral Satellites

Viral satellites are a type of virus that enters a host cell and remains dormant, waiting for another virus to infect the same cell. Once another virus is present, the satellite hijacks the cellular machinery intended for the new virus, using it for its own replication. This strategy is an example of the complex interactions and competition among viruses.

💡CRISPR

CRISPR is a revolutionary gene-editing tool derived from a bacterial defense system against viruses. It allows for precise editing of DNA and has numerous applications in genetic research and medicine. The video suggests that CRISPR may have originated from a type of viral satellite, illustrating the unexpected benefits that can arise from viral-bacterial interactions.

💡Yara Virus

The Yara virus is a giant virus with an unusually high number of unknown genes, making it one of the least understood viruses. Its discovery highlights the vast amount of undiscovered life and the potential for finding new genetic material in the natural world.

💡Sponges

Sponges are simple multicellular organisms that have the unique ability to consume and neutralize viruses. This discovery suggests that even invertebrates have evolved strategies to combat viral infections, adding another layer to our understanding of the complex interactions between viruses and life forms.

Highlights

The video explores surprising discoveries about viruses that challenge our understanding and show a more complex relationship between viruses and life.

Viruses, though simple and not technically life, have a significant impact on all life on Earth, including humans who are 8% virus in DNA content.

Some viruses help plants survive tough conditions like drought by altering their genes, thus showing a positive role for viruses in plant survival.

Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, can be beneficial and are more common than any other life form on Earth.

Bacteriophages can increase human cell metabolism and act like vitamins, making our cells stronger and more resilient.

The study of bacteriophages reveals complex strategies and shapes, including the 'Rapunzel bacteriophage' with an unusually long tail.

Some viruses have evolved to not infect or harm cells but instead wait for other viruses to enter the cell and then hijack the replication process.

Giant viruses, like the Medusa virus, have complex replication processes and contain genes associated with metabolism, suggesting they use cells as energy factories.

The discovery of the Yara virus, a giant virus with mostly unknown genes, highlights the vast amount of undiscovered life forms.

Ancient viruses, referred to as 'zombie viruses', can reawaken from permafrost due to climate change, potentially carrying diseases.

Experiments have shown that ancient bacteriophages can be revived even after thousands of years, raising concerns about the potential dangers of these viruses.

Space travel may reactivate dormant viruses like herpes in astronauts, suggesting that humans may not be adapted to live in space.

Some marine animals, such as sponges, have developed ways to consume and neutralize viruses, showcasing a unique interaction in the ecosystem.

The study of viruses and their interactions with life on Earth is ongoing, with new discoveries continually reshaping our understanding of these microscopic organisms.

Transcripts

so in this video I wanted to explore the

absolutely insane world of viruses but

not the types of viruses we usually get

scared about not the types of viruses

that normally cause pandemics we're

actually going to be discussing viruses

or discoveries about viruses that are

somewhat surprising and will hopefully

help you see these very mysterious

organisms in a very different light

because despite being relatively simple

and obviously being the tiniest

organisms on the entire plan planet with

some scientists even suggesting that

they're technically not even life and

instead represent something entirely

different in reality all life on planet

Earth has a really complex relationship

with viruses of all sorts and it's not

always negative as a matter of fact it's

usually kind of positive one of the

older videos in the description even

talks about how technically you and I

are approximately 8% virus in terms of

DNA contents with these strange

organisms also technically responsible

for human human reproduction you can

learn more about this in the description

but in this video we're going to discuss

some of the other very unusual

discoveries from the last few months

focusing on things we really didn't know

about or things that surprised everyone

and so h on full person this is Anton

let's discuss viruses and their

interaction with various life on the

planet once again focusing on several

topics such as viruses that seem to

protect us viruses with some really

extreme morphology and shape various

types of giant viruses that are even

more complex than certain bacteria and a

few viruses inside of us that

potentially act like vitamins as in they

literally make us grow stronger just

through sheer interaction with certain

cells and well let's start with one of

the more unusual discoveries from the

last few months so there's this type of

a virus that's mostly responsible for

infecting various plants known as poty

virus these are usually responsible for

harming plants such as for example

various cabbages broccoli cauliflowers

and even potatoes often making them turn

somewhat black and naturally eventually

causing their demise or so the

scientists thought at first but one of

the recent studies you can find in the

description surprisingly discovered

something entirely different when some

of these plants experience very tough

conditions such as for example drought

during drought or other conditions when

plants experience a lot of stress it was

discovered that some of these viruses

actually switch from killing the plant

to suddenly helping it and it did so by

switching off certain genes and

preventing the plant from losing water

while also affecting its circadian clock

or the way it responds to light and so

plants infected with this virus had a

much higher chance up to about 25% to

survive the drought in other words some

of the viruses inside these plants

dramatically increase the survival rate

just by changing certain genes they even

increase the amount of production of

various antioxidants boosting the health

of the plant in the process which is a

super important Discovery because it

implies that environmental conditions

dramatically change the effects of

viruses on plants and possibly even

animal life helping them switch from

being a pathogen to actually being

helpful and obviously because planet

Earth might experience more drought in

the future this is a super important

Discovery although interestingly this

mostly had an effect on wild plants and

not so much effect on various cultivated

plants or the ones usually used in

farming implying of course that the

viral coevolution is super important for

survival of various species so basically

by Sheltering a plant from viruses and

protecting them we're sort of making

them much weaker and a lot less likely

to survive any potential environmental

disaster but you and I are not

vegetables we're not cabbages so does

this actually apply to us as well well

at the moment it doesn't look that way

but something else was discovered in

regards to mammals or I guess humans as

well and here this is mostly in regards

to what's known as bacterio fages and

extremely important type of a virus that

only infects and replicates inside

bacteria representing some of the most

common and most diverse entities on the

entire planet as a matter of fact there

are most likely more bacterial fases on

Earth than anything else for example in

the oceans they seem to be the most

prominent organisms as a matter of fact

they can also technically be used as

antibiotics because they only attack

bacteria and nothing else here's for

example a beautiful electron micrograph

of several bacteria fages attacking a

bacteria and as you probably aware we do

have lots of bacteria inside of us as

well technically more bacterial cells

than your physical body cells and so

technically it would not be incorrect to

assume that we're basically real estate

for various bacteria lots of them tend

to live inside and outside of us and

thrive in different conditions in our

bodies but it just so happens that in

our stomachs and inside human gut

millions and millions years of evolution

resulted in a very strange relationship

between these unusual viruses and

mamalian cells now inside of you right

now there are probably at least a

thousand trillion figures inside your

Gat or basically a quadrillion of these

unusual viruses and they're mostly

preoccupied trying to attack the

bacteria that's living inside there as

well but this new study that just came

out a few weeks ago discovered something

nobody expected these unusual T4

bacterial fages can sometimes be also

internalized by mamalian cells as well

accumulating inside certain structures

known as macropinosomes but instead of

causing the mamalian cell to explode or

to be infected it does something

entirely different they actually seem to

dramatically increase cell metabolism

reorganizing the cell making it stronger

and even regulating a lot of positive

feedback loops literally acting as a

typical vitamin they make our cells grow

stronger and become more resilient and

so for reasons that we still don't

understand instead of being infected by

these viruses our cells seem to accept

bacteria phases and use them as an

important resource promoting growth and

Metabolism which at the moment is very

difficult to understand but that's

exactly what this paper discovers it's

basically once again a result of

coevolution for millions and millions of

years which somehow resulted in

ourselves learning how to use these

bacterial fages and as I mentioned there

are quite a lot of them inside of us to

make ourselves much stronger and much

more resilient which of course implies

that bacterial phase therapy that's been

used for hundreds of years might be a

really important source for human health

and so these are some really important

positive discoveries but when it comes

to bacteria figes because of the sheer

numbers of these anural viruses things

get complex really quickly for example

even though in a typical textbook this

is kind of what the bacterial is usually

depicted as quite a lot of bacterial

fages use other strategies and other

shapes to try to enter the cell for

example right here you're actually

looking at something that has a very

long t tail because in this case some

bacterial Fes have a very large

compartment and a tail attached to a

spiky protein that usually contains

their DNA and though normally these

tailes differ a little bit in terms of

length and style recently the scientist

discovered something super strange they

refer to this as a Rapunzel bacterio

bacterio whose stale is at least 10

times longer than usual up to 1

micrometer in length and so because of

this long tail it's now known as the

Rapunzel bacteria of Ag and obviously

serves only one purpose to puncture the

bacteria and to try to enter inside the

cell in order to then inject all of the

RNA or DNA but why exactly is the tail

so long well normally a lot of bacteria

will actually contain a kind of a

viscous substance around them in order

to protect themselves from various

viruses and so once again through Co

Evolution they evolved longer and longer

Tales because I guess some bacteria were

just getting a little bit slimy moreover

it looks like these types of viruses and

these types of bacteria seem to mostly

reside inside Hot Springs so these are

some of the toughest bacteria on the

planet making these viruses also super

super tough in this case Rapunzel virus

seem to actually survive very hot

temperatures for a very long time

potentially making this one of the most

resilient viruses out there but exactly

how it's able to survive so long is

currently unknown but some viruses

adapted in different ways actually not

all viruses are technically bad for us

as I mentioned a lot of them Co to help

us quite a lot and normally in a typical

textbook a typical viral infection looks

something like this basically you have a

virus attached to the cell it then sort

of hijacks the Machinery inside the cell

to produce more and more copies which

then leads to the major release of

viruses in a process this is of course

extremely simplified and quite a lot of

viruses out there found even easier and

better strategies as a matter of fact

some viruses evolve to not make anyone

sick and not infect cells at all and

instead just enter the cell and kind of

wait for things to happen and the reason

this evolved is once again visible in

this picture there's a lot of

competition out there sometimes viruses

are competing for the same cell so what

do you actually do if there's a virus

inside the cell already and the

Machinery from the cell is already being

used well certain bacterial phages

evolved something else entirely they

evolved a concept known as viral

satellites and the way all of this works

is even more intriguing some of these

viruses will enter the cell and then

some how find a way to stay dormant

sometimes they'll even integrate inside

the chromosome inserting their own genes

inside but they do this for one simple

purpose they're waiting for someone else

they're actually waiting for another

virus to come into the cell in order to

then hijack all the Machinery that the

virus was going to use to start

replicating inside the cell blocking the

other virus and interestingly a lot of

bacteria out there seem to have a huge

number of these satellite helper systems

inside of their genes already

in some sense constantly competing for

the use of bacterial machinery and

evolving new ways to continuously

exploit each other as a matter of fact

the famous genetic modification tool

known as crisper the tool that we now

use for genetic modification is very

likely the result of this unusual

relationship and Once Upon a Time was

one of these satellite viruses but

interestingly some bacterial fages found

an even more unusual way to compete or I

guess to some extent a much lazier way

instead of entering the cell and stay

dormant they literally do this this is

an image of one of these bacterio fages

attached to the one with a much longer

tail and so this is the first ever

satellite that seems to actually not

stay inside the cell but instead evolved

a very short appendage to grab onto the

neck of another virus and then hijack

the Machinery inside the cell once the

bacteria Fage attaches to the cell here

the larger virus is referred to as the

mine flare and a smaller virus is now

called mini flare and so they have a

very unusual almost like a vampire

relationship where the larger virus once

it finds a cell is going to find itself

very disappointed when not only does it

have to carry someone around itself it

also doesn't get to reproduce because

the satellite virus is going to take

over and reproduce instead and so in

some sense this is actually a virus of a

virus and as you can probably imagine

trying to understand how these virus

viruses work and how to maybe use them

to protect ourselves from actual

pathogens would be super important for

future study now currently this is only

for bacteria and bacterio fages but it's

quite likely something similar exists in

a lot of other viruses we tend to think

of as dangerous so definitely a pretty

cool vampire virus but not the strangest

virus out there because some of the

strangest viruses are probably giant

viruses viruses that are normally at

least 10 times bigger than a normal

smaller virus and that will often

contain a lot of genes and in some of

the recent studies some of the

researchers were actually kind of

surprised to discover that a lot of

these giant viruses contain genes

associated with metabolism suggesting

that they infect cells and then use them

as a kind of a massive energy Factory

for reasons still not really understood

but all of these giant viruses are

normally found in the ocean and one of

the stranger viruses discovered in the

ocean recently is what's known as Medusa

virus a virus whose replication process

and whose genome seem to be so different

from anything else as a matter of fact

the way it reproduces seems to be

actually similar to much more complex

eukariotic cells here's actually a

picture of some of these giant viruses

inside a typical amoeba and so unlike

other viruses these viruses tend to

produce completely separate parts by

using several different genes inside of

them releasing a variety of different

particles to the outside of the cell

which then have to recombine into an

actual Medusa virus in other words

inside the cell they tend to produce

individual Lego blocks which are then

released to the outside and have to

recombine to recreate new virus this is

extremely different from anything else

and involves a lot of complexity we've

never seen before in this case they

actually produce four separate types of

particles which were then found outside

of the cell and which then when

connecting to each other once again

recreate a new Medusa virus and actually

one of the reasons this virus is called

Medusa virus is because it does

something very unique to various types

of amoeba After The Infection these

amoeba Harden forming a hard Stone WX

structure at first first and then

exploding afterwards I guess borrowing

from the Greek mythology and from the

infamous Medusa on top of this

scientists also discovered ridiculously

complex giant viruses nobody thought

were possible here we're talking about

the actual genome and the amount of

proteins on the inside to date the

largest discovered so far contains over

700,000 base pairs or essentially

representing genome that's about 15

times larger than usual it's actually

even larger than certain bacteria and so

these types of of giant viruses

evolutionary speaking May finally bridge

the gap between bacteria and viral

organisms these huge fages were only

discovered relatively recently so it's

not entirely clear how they evolved just

yet but they're definitely one of the

more intriguing discoveries and it's

also not clear what most of their genes

do but it's a very surprising and a very

intriguing Discovery I'm sure we'll find

out more once there is more analysis and

once there are more studies and then

there was a discovery of this Yara virus

another Giant virus but in this case

unusual for a different reason when the

researchers sequenced its DNA they

actually discovered that only six genes

in the DNA were known to us with about

70 proteins never seen before anywhere

in any life making Yara virus

essentially the least known virus to us

containing genes nobody has ever seen

before in any type of an organism and

this is not to show you that this is

some kind of an alien organism from

another planet instead is to show you

that there is just a a huge amount of

Life out there we still haven't

discovered and haven't analyzed life

that possesses lineage no biologist has

ever explored and this y virus reminds

us of that it reminds us that Modern

Biology is still in its infancy there's

still so much stuff out there that we

haven't found here's another picture of

this virus in this case attacking an

amoeba but the thing is we might be

discovering more and more viruses for I

guess one simple reason and this is a

More unnerving Concept known as the

zombie vir viruses a lot of ancient

viruses that might have been buried in

for example permafrost are now slowly

coming to the surface as the temperature

in the Arctic is changing weakening some

of the layers in the Perma Frost and

naturally some of this permafrost

contains ancient viruses that might have

infected ancient life or not even that

ancient we're talking about life from

just a few thousand years ago and though

it might sound like some kind of a doom

and glom and maybe something we

shouldn't be worrying about there was a

case in 2016 that made made us worry you

can read about this in one of the

studies in a description but in essence

in 2016 a bunch of reindeer greasing in

parts of Siberia specifically in the

location you see right here managed to

catch antrax when some of the ancient

spores from basilis and tris resurfaced

during one of the hotter Summers very

likely coming from some kind of a old

animal carcass that the reindeer

approached and so approximately 2,000

reindeer and several dozen humans were

infected by Anthrax as a result of this

luckily this was contained pretty

quickly but this definitely made

everyone worry and so in the last year

some scientists were actually trying to

figure out okay let just say it happens

with a different virus would it still be

infectious and would it have a potential

to maybe become super dangerous

specifically if this virus is like

thousands of years old and so several

scientists from several different teams

in the last decade or so performed

various experiments trying to revive

various bacteria fages discovered in

Pera Frost and so far they've been able

to successfully revive all of them even

viruses as old as 50,000 years old

suggesting that these ancient viruses

are still quite active and can still

infect a lot of different cells Even

after spending thousands of years inside

eyes and so at this point we can only

hope that no dangerous super deadly

virus is hiding in some of the size and

though this kind of sounds a little bit

scary and maybe a little bit unnerving

especially with a name like zombie virus

at this point we just have to be really

careful but we don't really know if this

applies to more complex viruses

especially because most of this so far

has only been done with simple bacteria

phases so we don't really know if this

applies to everything but we might find

out one day and I guess last but maybe

not least we also once again discover

that space travel is not so good for us

turns out that when you live in space a

lot of dormant viruses such as the

herpes virus tend to reawaken as a

matter of fact as the study discovered

most astronauts infected with the herpes

virus had herpes reactivate in space and

this is also probably true of other

viruses hiding inside our bodies which

once again means that we're probably not

really meant to live in space and we

probably should consider taking care of

planet Earth just a little bit better oh

wait one more interesting Discovery

turns out that because there are so many

viruses in the oceans certain animals

discovered the way to actually eat them

and that includes organisms like crabs

different types of anemones and more

interestingly sponges apparently a

typical sponge can easily kill 98% of

viruses by eating them directly I'm not

sure what we're going to do with this

information just yet but cool sponges

eat viruses so yeah lots and lots of

intriguing new discoveries about viruses

that we basically never knew about up

until a few months ago but as with

previous studies this is just the first

step we'll come back and talk more about

this in some of the future videos until

then thank you for watching subscribe

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