SS21 Lesson 3 Impression Management
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the concept of impression management, highlighting how individuals manipulate their image to create a positive perception. It discusses the use of verbal and non-verbal cues, such as words, gestures, and body language, to influence others' views. The script also touches on strategies like conformity, excuses, and self-promotion to manage impressions. It warns against the pitfalls of self-handicapping, where individuals create excuses to protect their self-image, potentially leading to reduced performance. The video concludes with a reminder to be authentic while using impression management techniques.
Takeaways
- 😀 Impression management is about influencing how others perceive us to create a positive image.
- 🎭 The dramaturgical approach by Irving Goffman is a key concept in understanding impression management.
- 🗣️ Verbal cues, including word choice and phrases, play a significant role in shaping others' impressions of us.
- 🤔 Non-verbal cues such as body language, gestures, eye contact, and physical appearance are crucial in impression formation.
- 🕴️ Posture, like slouching or sitting straight, can communicate confidence levels to others.
- 👁️ Making eye contact is perceived as a sign of sincerity and interest in the conversation.
- 🤗 Crossing arms can signal closure or discomfort, which may affect how approachable one appears.
- 👔 Dressing appropriately for an occasion, like a date or interview, can impact how seriously one is taken.
- 🎶 Paralinguistic cues, such as speech variation, emphasis, and volume, can alter the interpretation of words.
- 🧩 Managing impressions involves a combination of verbal and non-verbal self-presentation in various social situations.
- 🎭 Strategies like conformity, excuses, apologies, self-promotion, flattery, favors, and association are used to manage impressions.
- 😷 The downside of impression management is the potential to wear 'masks' and lose one's true self in the process.
- 🤔 Self-handicapping is a strategy to protect self-image by making excuses for potential failure or poor performance.
Q & A
What is impression management?
-Impression management is the process by which individuals control or manipulate the way they are perceived by others, using verbal and non-verbal cues to create a desired image or impression.
Who introduced the dramaturgical approach to impression management?
-Irving Goffman introduced the dramaturgical approach to impression management, which views social interaction as a stage where individuals perform to create impressions.
What are the two main types of cues used in impression formation?
-The two main types of cues used in impression formation are verbal cues, which include the words and phrases used, and non-verbal cues, which encompass visible and paralinguistic cues.
Can you provide an example of a visible non-verbal cue?
-An example of a visible non-verbal cue is body language, such as slouching, which can indicate a lack of confidence, or sitting up straight, which can suggest confidence.
What is the significance of eye contact in impression management?
-Eye contact is significant in impression management as it can make a person appear more sincere and interested in the conversation, thus influencing how they are perceived by others.
How does physical appearance play a role in impression management?
-Physical appearance, such as dressing neatly for a date or an interview, plays a role in impression management by affecting how seriously one is taken by others.
What are paralinguistic cues in non-verbal communication?
-Paralinguistic cues are non-verbal communication elements that include the variation of speech, such as emphasis, inflection, pitch, volume, rhythm, and hesitations, which can convey emotions or attitudes beyond the words spoken.
How do we manage impressions in various situations?
-We manage impressions by being mindful of our verbal and non-verbal communication, adjusting our behavior, and presenting ourselves in a way that aligns with the image we want to project in different situations.
What is self-handicapping in the context of impression management?
-Self-handicapping is a strategy where individuals create excuses for potential failure to protect their self-image, which can involve making excuses before an activity to justify poor performance or to enhance credit if they succeed.
What are some common strategies for managing impressions mentioned in the script?
-Common strategies for managing impressions mentioned in the script include conformity, excuses, apologies, self-promotion, flattery, favors, association, and opinion conformity.
How can impression management affect an individual's true self?
-Impression management can affect an individual's true self by leading them to wear metaphorical 'masks' to present a certain image to others, potentially causing them to lose touch with their genuine personality and behaviors.
Outlines
😀 Understanding Impression Management
This paragraph introduces the concept of impression management, explaining how individuals manipulate how they are perceived by others to create a positive image. It discusses the dramaturgical approach by Irving Goffman and identifies factors such as verbal and non-verbal cues that contribute to impression formation. Verbal cues include word choice and phrases, while non-verbal cues encompass visible and paralinguistic aspects like body language, gestures, eye contact, and physical appearance. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of these cues in shaping one's impression and how they can be managed to influence others effectively.
🎭 The Masks of Impression Management
The second paragraph delves into the darker side of impression management, where individuals may wear metaphorical masks to present a desired image. It touches on behaviors like conformity, excuses, apologies, self-promotion, flattery, favors, association, and opinion conformity as strategies to manage impressions. The paragraph also introduces the concept of self-handicapping, where individuals make excuses for potential failure to protect their self-image. It differentiates between real and artificial handicapping and warns against the potential negative impacts on self-esteem and performance. The discussion concludes with a cautionary note on the importance of maintaining one's true self while engaging in impression management.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Impression Management
💡Dramaturgical Approach
💡Verbal Cues
💡Non-verbal Cues
💡Self-Presentation
💡Conformity
💡Excuses
💡Self-Handicapping
💡Flattery
💡Favors
💡Opinion Conformity
Highlights
Impression management is about manipulating how others see us to create a positive impression.
Impression management is often studied using the dramaturgical approach by Irving Goffman.
Factors of impression management include how we present ourselves and the use of verbal and non-verbal cues.
Impression formation involves making an impression on others through verbal and non-verbal cues.
Verbal cues in impression management include word choice, phrases, and the way we speak.
Non-verbal cues encompass visible cues like body language, gestures, eye contact, and physical appearance.
Paralinguistic cues are variations in speech such as emphasis, inflection, pitch, volume, and rhythm.
Managing an impression involves controlling how others perceive us through verbal and non-verbal communication.
Strategies for impression management include conformity, excuses, apologies, self-promotion, flattery, favors, and association.
Conformity in impression management is aligning with the majority to avoid standing out.
Excuses are used to explain failures or shortcomings in impression management.
Self-promotion is bragging about one's achievements to create a positive impression.
Flattery is a common strategy used in impression management to gain favor with others.
Favors involve doing something good for someone expecting a return, which is a strategy in impression management.
Self-handicapping is a form of impression management where individuals make excuses for potential failure.
Real handicapping refers to actual events that affect performance, while artificial handicapping is making excuses without a real reason.
Self-handicapping can lead to reduced performance and reliance on excuses.
The video emphasizes the importance of being careful not to lose one's true self while managing impressions.
Transcripts
uh good day everyone and i will add this
uh short video clip on impression
management information
so
let us start
so
there are um
as we know impression management is part
of how we
manipulate how others see us so that we
have a good impression to other people
impression management is usually
used in dramaturgical approach by irving
goffman
so
what are the factors of impression
management
there are factors such as how we present
ourselves
and how we
use our words
verbal and non-verbal cues but first in
impression formation
this is how we
make an impression to other people we
have access to others personality
through verbal and non-verbal cues as
i said a while ago
so when some verbal cues we use of we
choose the words we say
the the phrases we say
to
to influence how people see us so
nonverbal cues are there are visible
cues and paralinguistic cues when we say
visible cues this is the distance or bad
language or gestures or eye contact or
facial expression and physical
appearance and others for example in
body language if you're slouching that
is an example of you are not confident
but if you sit a wreck or stun straight
that is an example of your confidence
also if you use eye contact with the
people you are speaking
you are perceived as more sincere okay
and interested with the other person
in gestures if you close your arms
around yourself
[Music]
it's a symbol of
closure although sometimes it might be
because the weather is cold okay
and physical appearance example when you
go on a date or an interview if you
dress
uh in a messy way
how can you expect that you will be
treated seriously okay on the other hand
there are non-verbal communication cues
like paralinguistic use
which is an example in variation of
speech rather than the word spoken
emphasis inflection peach volume rhythm
hesitations as you can see in the
picture here
um the face here is it's not what he
said it's the way you said it for
example
if you say i love you
but you said it in an anger i love you
will the person believe you no even if
the words are very sweet but
the tone is not sweet so it sounds like
the person is angry
okay so
cues can
manage how we influence others
okay so how do we manage an impression
so we manage it by
managing ourselves verbally and
non-verbally to manage to impress sean
me present to others in various
situations
and to create a good and lasting
impression
it is everything you do in an effort to
control the way that others see you in
the image that they develop about you so
be careful how you use your words be
careful how you present yourself package
yourself to the world
by using your non-verbal cues okay like
in
the cartoon here we can see that the
person is
looking for a good job so or this is a
person in authority and in his mind he's
saying smile and make eye contact
to present a good impression to the
person he's interacting okay
so how do we manage your impressions
in the article or in the module that i
have given you there are
some examples like conformity excuses
apologies self-promotion
flattery favors association
and opinion conformity conformity is we
don't want to go against the majority so
we just say yes even if we don't believe
the majority
excuses as we
say excuses for example if we fail we
say that
um
i failed because i did not review okay
apologies saying sorry self-promotion is
um
bragging about your achievements but
this is not so much for filipinos
flattery i think is much for filipinos
when we flatter others to make a good
impression to them
or favors it's also
a common strategy among filipinos
young
doing something
good for the person expecting that that
person would do something in return for
us but more of
gaining a person's
uh good impression okay association and
open
opinion conformity
uh the problem with impression
management is that because of how we
want people to see us
we begin to wear masks
like for example we pretend to be happy
pretend that he's over her our pretense
that we are confident pretend that we
are somebody else okay so as you can see
this is uh
this um this cartoon has a form of humor
but it's actually
it makes us think what are the masks
that we're in public
also another
another
impression management
is
uh
self-handicapping it's
the way we protect our self-image and
the image
we want to present are to others
by making excuses for why we might fail
okay
and it happens before the activity
so it's similar to self-sabotage we use
excuse for failure or enhance credit if
you succeed
so
so what is self handicapping as you can
see in this curtain is it possible you
create conditions for failure to protect
your ego and keep yourself safe yes it's
possible and it's called
self-handicapping
so there are two kinds
real handicapping is something has
actually happened to potentially affect
your performance like for example you
fell ill or you got an injury oh okay
i'm sick so i cannot perform well in
in school that's real handicapping
artifa artificial handicapping is making
excuse for potentially poor performance
for example
saying you're sick when you aren't okay
can lead to poor self-esteem and excuses
can be relied on too heavily
so self-handicapping can lead to a
reduced performance
oh i'm sorry this is pixelize but the
the curtains here is saying uh this
person is saying
uh my the night before is all i need
this person has an exam what's uh she's
right i'm going to feel anyway so the
person has
a belief that he's going to fail
anyway so he's making reason excuses
so in the end the person says at least
she thinks i'm not stupid but this won't
get me into grad school
another cartoon here is that
this to our students and one is saying
that chemistry test was impossible the
other person was saying totally
impossible i'm not
the person said again it was ridiculous
completely ridiculous as you can see
it's conformity
but it's a form of self-handicapping
and the person said there wasn't a
single question that wasn't even
remotely doable not a one the other one
is conforming
and the other person said good thing we
didn't waste a lot of time studying for
it no kidding so
as you can see this is a form of
excuse so this is
making excuses is a form of
self-handicapping
and not performing to your
um
utmost behavior okay or performance
so as we have seen in this video we saw
some
self
impressions management information and
the worst is self handicapping as you
can see there are good
good ways and bad ways but again as we
use self-impression management be
careful not to lose
your true self
and
use carefully verbal communication and
non-verbal communication
in how you present yourselves to
others so thank you for listening and i
hope you learned something from
this
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