How Israel automated occupation in Hebron | The Listening Post
Summary
TLDRThe video script explores the intense surveillance and control mechanisms in Hebron, a city in the occupied West Bank. It delves into the Israeli military's use of technology, including facial recognition and AI-driven systems, to monitor and manage the Palestinian population, creating a 'smart city' environment. The script also discusses the role of settlers in reinforcing this surveillance, using their own security systems and even drones to intimidate Palestinians. The narrative highlights the impact of these measures on the daily lives of Palestinians, suggesting a form of digital apartheid and the dehumanizing effects of constant surveillance.
Takeaways
- 😷 Hebron, a city in the occupied West Bank, is a focal point for Israeli settlers and is characterized by a heavy military presence and surveillance.
- 🏠 Jewish settlers in Hebron have illegally taken over Palestinian homes, living in the heart of the city under the protection of Israeli forces.
- 📈 The city is divided into H1, under Palestinian Authority control, and H2, under full Israeli control, with the latter being a center for settler activity.
- 👮 Israeli military surveillance in H2 is extensive, with the aim of protecting settlers and controlling the Palestinian population.
- 🚨 The Israeli military uses advanced technologies like CCTV and facial recognition to monitor Palestinians, contributing to a 'carceral' atmosphere.
- 📈 There has been a significant rise in settler violence against Palestinians, with incidents in Hebron occurring almost daily.
- 🛃 Palestinians face numerous checkpoints and are subject to a tiered system of surveillance, which can lead to arbitrary delays and restrictions on their movement.
- 🤖 AI-driven surveillance is touted as a means to create a 'frictionless' occupation, but it also serves to deepen control over Palestinians and potentially entrench apartheid.
- 📱 Israeli forces use several systems, including Red Wolf, Blue Wolf, and White Wolf, to collect and analyze data on Palestinians, creating a comprehensive profile database.
- 🌐 Settlers also operate their own surveillance systems, sometimes with funding from international sources, further complicating the landscape of control and surveillance in the West Bank.
Q & A
What is the significance of Hebron in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?
-Hebron is a place of religious significance, attracting some of Israel's most extreme settlers who have illegally taken over Palestinian homes. It is unique because settlers live in the heart of the city, unlike other Palestinian cities.
How is Hebron divided and what does each section represent?
-Hebron is divided into two sections: H1, where the Palestinian Authority has nominal control, and H2, which is under full Israeli control. This division is designed to protect the 800 settlers living in H2 among around 40,000 Palestinians.
What is the term used to describe areas in H2 where Palestinians are forbidden?
-The official term used to describe areas in H2 where Palestinians are forbidden is 'sterile areas'.
What is the term 'carcerial' used to describe in the context of Hebron?
-The term 'carcerial' is used to describe the feeling of being constantly monitored and controlled, as if living in a prison that extends beyond physical boundaries into every aspect of life.
How has the number of settler attacks against Palestinians changed in recent years?
-Over the last five years, the number of settler attacks against Palestinians has risen by almost 200 percent, with incidents in Hebron occurring almost daily.
What is the Israeli military's term for Hebron and what does it imply?
-The Israeli military refers to Hebron as a 'smart city,' which is a euphemism for the extensive system of surveillance and facial recognition operated on Palestinians.
What is the purpose of the Israeli military's surveillance systems in Hebron?
-The surveillance systems are designed to control and monitor the Palestinian population, with the stated goal of reducing friction and making the occupation more 'humanitarian,' but in reality, they contribute to a deeply invasive and controlling environment.
What are the 'Red Wolf,' 'Blue Wolf,' and 'White Wolf' systems and how do they function?
-Red Wolf is a biometric registration system used at permanent checkpoints. Blue Wolf is a facial recognition app used in the field during raids or at temporary checkpoints. White Wolf is an app for settlers to check if Palestinian workers have the correct permits, giving them access to government data.
How does the Israeli military's use of AI and surveillance technologies impact the daily lives of Palestinians?
-The use of AI and surveillance technologies creates a digitally mediated prison environment, where Palestinians feel their every movement, online and offline activities, and even thoughts are monitored, leading to a deeply invasive and dehumanizing experience.
What is the historical context of surveillance in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?
-Surveillance practices date back to British rule, with the creation of detailed records on Palestinian communities. These were later adopted and expanded by Jewish paramilitary groups and the Israeli military, leading to the current extensive surveillance systems.
How do settlers contribute to the surveillance and control of Palestinians in the West Bank?
-Settlers operate their own security camera systems and use technologies like drones to monitor Palestinian activities, often with the support of foreign funding. This allows them to exert control and contribute to the occupation in ways that may be subject to less regulation than the Israeli military.
Outlines
🏭 Hebron: A Militarized Surveillance Laboratory
Hebron, in the occupied West Bank, is highlighted as a site of religious significance and a focal point for extreme Israeli settlers who have illegally occupied Palestinian homes. The city is under heavy surveillance, with Israeli soldiers and settlers celebrating together during Jewish holidays. Palestinians here face extreme monitoring and control, living in what's described as a 'military surveillance laboratory.' The city is divided into two sections: H1, under Palestinian Authority control, and H2, fully controlled by Israel to protect settlers, despite international law deeming these settlements illegal. The narrative describes the transformation of Hebron's environment through checkpoints and surveillance, creating a 'carceral' feeling for its Palestinian residents.
👮♂️ The All-Seeing Gaze: Surveillance and Control in Hebron
The Israeli military dubs Hebron a 'smart city,' reflecting its extensive surveillance and facial recognition systems targeting Palestinians. The narrative details the everyday life of a resident, Karaki, who navigates through a network of cameras and checkpoints, experiencing routine checks and delays. The system categorizes Palestinians into security levels—red, yellow, and green—based on their interactions with the military. The pervasive surveillance is not only dense but also invasive, with cameras often facing inwards towards homes. The military's intent is to compile a database of Palestinian faces to facilitate control at checkpoints, using AI systems to process individuals' data without their consent, creating a 'digitally mediated prison.'
🐺 The Wolf Systems: Biometrics and Data Collection
This section delves into the Israeli military's use of biometric registration and surveillance systems, collectively referred to as the 'Wolf Systems.' Red Wolf is used at permanent checkpoints for biometric registration, Blue Wolf is a facial recognition app for field use, and White Wolf allows settlers to verify Palestinian workers' permits. These systems feed into Wolf Pack, a database aiming to profile every Palestinian in the West Bank. The military's data collection is gamified, with soldiers competing for data collection, leading to dehumanization. The video also discusses the use of AI in surveillance, such as 'smart shooters' and anomaly detection sensors, which flag unusual activities, further entrenching a form of digital racial hierarchy.
📚 Historical Roots and Contemporary Surveillance
The script traces the history of Palestinian surveillance back to British rule, detailing how colonial strategies of surveillance and intelligence gathering were adopted and expanded upon by Israeli forces. It discusses the 'Village Files,' a comprehensive survey by the Haganah, a Jewish paramilitary group, which laid the foundation for Israel's colonial bureaucracy. The narrative connects past practices with modern technologies, showing how surveillance has evolved from intercepting communications to employing biometrics, CCTV, and spyware, all aimed at controlling the Palestinian population. The Israeli military's use of AI-driven surveillance is presented as a means to a 'frictionless occupation,' but the reality is a covert deepening of control and a form of invisible apartheid.
🔭 Settler Surveillance: Outsourced Occupation
This part exposes how Israeli settlements in the West Bank operate their own security camera systems, funded by organizations like the One Israel Fund, which channels money from the United States to these settlements. It discusses the use of drones equipped with infrared cameras by settlers to monitor and intimidate Palestinians, disrupting their livelihoods. The narrative suggests a collaboration between the Israeli military and settlers, with the latter being used to outsource aspects of the occupation, subject to less regulation and oversight. The Israeli military's refusal to comment on their operational capabilities is noted, but a former Israeli General acknowledges the complexity and human rights violations inherent in the occupation, suggesting that while surveillance aids counter-terrorism, it also serves to control the Palestinian population.
🌆 Nowhere to Hide: The Unbearable Reality of Occupation
The final paragraph underscores the pervasive and invasive nature of surveillance in the lives of Palestinians, suggesting that the advanced security systems and surveillance technologies, while touted as humane and frictionless, are in reality deeply invasive and dehumanizing. It conveys the unbearable nature of living under constant surveillance, where every movement, online and offline communication, and even personal thoughts seem to be monitored, documenting the profound impact on the daily lives and human rights of Palestinians.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Occupied West Bank
💡Settlers
💡Surveillance
💡Facial Recognition
💡Checkpoints
💡Smart City
💡AI-driven Surveillance
💡Biometrics
💡Database
💡Apartheid
💡Human Rights
Highlights
Hebron is a place of religious significance and a magnet for some of Israel's most extreme settlers.
Settlers in Hebron are illegally taking over Palestinian homes.
Hebron is unique as settlers live in the heart of the city, unlike other Palestinian cities.
Jewish settlers and Israeli soldiers celebrate together during Jewish holidays.
Palestinians in Hebron are heavily monitored, with the city being a military surveillance laboratory.
Hebron is divided into H1, under Palestinian Authority control, and H2, under full Israeli control.
Israel's control in H2 is designed to protect 800 settlers illegally living among 40,000 Palestinians.
Settler Itamar Ben-Gvir, convicted of inciting anti-Arab racism, is now Israel's minister of National Security.
Hebron's sacred old city is under military lockdown, with some parts designated as 'sterile' areas forbidden to Palestinians.
The Israeli military operates an extensive network of CCTV and facial recognition cameras in Hebron.
The feeling of constant surveillance is described as 'carceral', following Palestinians everywhere.
Settler violence against Palestinians has risen by almost 200 percent in the last five years.
Hebron is referred to as a 'smart city' due to its advanced surveillance systems.
The Israeli military uses a system called 'Red Wolf' to biometrically register and assess Palestinians at checkpoints.
The 'Blue Wolf' app is used by Israeli forces for facial recognition during raids or at temporary checkpoints.
The 'White Wolf' app allows settlers to check if Palestinian workers have the correct permits.
The 'Wolf Pack' database aims to build a profile of every Palestinian in the West Bank.
Settlers have their own security camera system, separate from the military, often with more extensive coverage.
The One Israel Fund, an American organization, funds surveillance equipment for settlers, including drones and cameras.
The Israeli military's use of AI-driven surveillance is claimed to deliver a 'frictionless' occupation, but it also deepens control over Palestinians.
Surveillance technologies are portrayed as making the occupation more humane, but they are invasive and dehumanizing for Palestinians.
Transcripts
[Music]
foreign
the occupied West Bank
[Music]
the chatter on a soldiers radio tells us
we're being watched
[Music]
Hebron is a place of religious
significance which makes it a magnet for
some of Israel's most extreme settlers
Jewish communities who've illegally
taken over Palestinian homes
[Music]
no
[Music]
[Applause]
but what's unique about Hebron unlike
any other Palestinian city is that the
settlers are here in the hearts of the
city
[Music]
today is the Jewish holiday pouring and
the settlers are celebrating arm in arm
with Israeli soldiers
[Applause]
thank you
Palestinians in Hebron are some of the
most heavily monitored and controlled
people on the planet
in the military surveillance laboratory
that is the occupied territories Hebron
is Ground Zero
[Music]
Hebron is the West Bank's largest city
and it's being hollowed out from within
the Israeli military enforces a policy
of Separation here the city was divided
into two sections in 1997. h-1 where the
Palestinian Authority has nominal
control and H2 which is under full
Israeli control
Israel's Authority in H2 is designed to
protect 800 settlers living here
illegally according to international law
amongst around 40 000 Palestinians
yeah
[Applause]
one of those settlers happens to be item
who has been convicted of inciting
anti-arab racism and supporting a
terrorist group he is now Israel's
minister of National Security
[Music]
to safeguard The Saturdays hebron's
sacred old city is under military
lockdown some parts of H2 have been
designated sterile that's the official
term areas where Palestinians are
forbidden
over the years the locals have seen the
environments around them transformed
inch by inch house by house checkpoint
by checkpoint
Hebron is full of what the Israeli
military likes to call friction that
lends itself to many new ways to
innovate technologies that promise to
reduce the so-called friction and make
Israel's occupation more humanitarian
for Palestinians this is what the
Israeli military claims the streets are
covered in CCTV cameras in facial
recognition cameras that give the
Israeli military in the intelligence
forces a full 24 7 and encompassing view
of Palestinian life in the city I think
the best word for it is carceral the
feeling that prison is not within a
bounded space but it follows you
wherever you go into the city's streets
in your home into your bedroom and that
there's no escaping it
across the West Bank Palestinians are
experiencing an explosion of military
and settler violence
in one week in February the Israeli
military raided the city of Naples
killing 11 people
a few days later Palestinian gunmen shot
and killed two settlers in Hawaii
[Music]
hundreds of Saturdays then marched into
the town escorted and protected by
Israeli soldiers and indulged in an
hours-long Rampage
by Sunrise hundreds of vehicles homes
and shops had been torched
[Music]
over the last five years the number of
settler attacks against Palestinians has
risen by almost 200 percent
in Hebron they happen almost every day
[Music]
the Israeli military likes to call
Hebron a smart city it's a euphemism for
the elaborate system of surveillance and
facial recognition they are operating
here on Palestinians
if we count how many cameras we have
here how many cameras we can see one two
three four five six seven eight nine ten
cameras
with that said karaki lives in H2 he
walked me through how the cameras and
checkpoints shape his everyday routine
we have 22 Israeli checkpoint as as the
one you see what you have to know that
this chick boy recognized me even before
I get into the cheekbone sometime the
soldier tell me is that give me your ID
He Knows My Name already they know that
I'm crossing the cheekbone
10 times per day but each time they have
to check my body
to let me get into my to my to my house
not only that Palestinians are levels
for them which is red yellow and green
if you are Palestinian and you have been
arrested by the Army you might be in the
in the in the red level
for example if you are known to them and
they know you resist occupation you
might be like you know in the yellow
sometime when I want to cross the
checkpoint the soldier can keep me three
hours for no reason this is the Israel
so if they want to kill your day they
can easily do it they can keep you at
the checkpoint for three hours after
that nothing will happen they will not
be accountable at all
[Music]
it's something you hear across Hebron an
awareness that the All-Seeing gaze of
the city's network of cameras are
designed to protect the settlers not
Palestinians
it's not just the density of cameras in
Palestinian neighborhoods that gives it
away it's the direction they face often
inwards towards people's homes invading
their most intimate spaces
Untamed lives in a neighborhood just
outside the old city
two years ago Israeli soldiers forced
their way into her home and turned her
roof into a surveillance post
foreign
foreign
along with an investigation by Amnesty
International have given us a more
complete picture of the various systems
of surveillance in use and how invasive
they are Israeli authorities are trying
to collate and create a database
exclusively consisting of Palestinian
faces so the idea is that when you're
arriving at the checkpoint if that
information exists on you such as who is
related to you have you been here before
are you due to be taken in for detention
or questioning that is flacked on the
system and a soldier is able to decide
whether you can pass or not
they can no longer count on the soldier
perhaps recognizing them on knowing them
because it's a computer system into
which they have been conscripted without
their knowledge or without their consent
[Music]
they now have to be processed through a
machine learning algorithm before they
get to live their lives whether it's by
getting to access education work or
medical services that's now governed by
this AI system
[Music]
artificial intelligence has created what
feels like a digitally mediated prison
in Hebron the military recently
installed this autonomous weapon a
so-called smart shooter
[Music]
it's powered by AI which means it can
shoot without human intervention
amnesty has also documented the use of
something called anomalies detection
sensors and algorithms that flag the
presence of individuals or objects that
the Israeli military would consider out
of the ordinary
[Music]
in addition soldiers use a number of
overlapping programs that collate
information on Palestinians to Monitor
and govern their movement
the first previously unreported system
is Red Wolf that's the one used at
permanent checkpoints where Palestinians
are biometrically registered and
assessed against information held on
them soldiers teach Redwolf by pairing
new faces with IDs and other
biographical information
then there's blue wolf a facial
recognition app Israeli forces use in
the field on raids or at temporary
checkpoints to capture photos of
Palestinians
the third system is white wolf an app
for settlers allowing them to check if
Palestinian workers have the correct
permits it gives the settlers access to
confidential government data
connecting all of this is wolf pack a
database that aims to build a profile of
every Palestinian in the West Bank
including information like a person's
name where they live their family
members car license plates and whether
they are wanted or not
according to testimonies from veterans
Israeli soldiers are even incentivized
to compete with one another over who can
collect the most data and photos of
Palestinians it's just one of the ways
the occupation here in Hebron is being
gamified
this creates an idea that Palestinians
are just
objects out there waiting to be
photographed and that may help your unit
to reap some form of reward but is
ultimately leading to dehumanization of
an entire racialized group
the Israeli military refuses to confirm
its use of facial recognition but in
addition to the testimonials gathered by
veterans group breaking silence we also
have a leaked training video for blue
Wharf so it says here soldiers can
identify a Palestinian in three ways
typing their ID number facial
recognition or a photo of their ID
this is interesting soldiers can search
for people using things like a car's
plate number but they can also attach
information about Palestinians to their
profile so here it instructs the soldier
to take a photo not just of the driver's
ID but all the passengers too and when
you look at this video you can see why
soldiers have dubbed blue wolf a secret
Facebook for Palestinians
blue wolf enhances the military's
ability to carry out what it's called
mapping roads when soldiers invade
Palestinian homes to gather intelligence
soldiers say it's part of a practice of
making their presence felt
this raid on a home in Hebron shows what
Israeli mapping of Palestinian
communities looks like
around a dozen children still half
asleep forced to line up to have their
photos taken illegally by soldiers
[Music]
I don't think there's any point in
history in which
the creation of a database
consisting exclusively of one ethnic or
racialized group
has ever led to any good outcome
we are dealing with something that we
have recognized as apartheid and in this
context the creation of a database
exclusively for Palestinians to stop
them from entering particular spaces to
stop them from being able to live
fulfilling lives to stop them from being
able to access Family and Medical
Services
dot itself is sort of re-entrenching the
form of apartheid that we've been
witnessing over the many decades it's
creating a sort of a digital racial
hierarchy
[Music]
is a microcosm one of the most intense
expressions of Israeli apartheid in the
West Bank managing the occupation of
millions of people over more than five
decades is a vast and costly Enterprise
that relies on dominance and
intelligence gathering
according to one former General Israel
has become the world champions of
occupation turning it in his words into
an art form
surveillance is really the occupations
bread and butter in the mind of Israeli
military leadership Palestinians across
the West Bank and East Jerusalem present
a security threat to an expanding
settler movement and so to contain the
so-called security threat as they put it
the Army needs ever more advanced
surveillance Technologies to control a
population this is part and parcel of
the occupations tactics of control
the history of surveilling Palestinians
so as to control them goes back more
than 100 years to the days of British
rule Britain's Colonial project was
dependent on intensive surveillance and
intelligence gathering these documents
classified as very secret are from 1917
the year Britain first occupied
Palestine
they are handbooks on Palestinian
personalities produced by British
intelligence unit called the Arab Bureau
they were designed to give officials
insights on who is considered
intelligent pro-british or easily
susceptible to foreign influence
from 1920 onwards British mandate
authorities collected information on
every facet of Palestinian life
many of these strategies were adopted by
and in some cases taught to Jewish
paramilitary groups in Palestine like
the hagana
they determine you know how many men of
fighting age lived in each Town they'd
map out the topography so they could
inform their own battle strategy and
they created this vast index of all the
Palestinian Villages that was called The
Village files
The Village files were a comprehensive
survey of hundreds of Palestinian
villages in the 1940s produced by the
hagenah they included information on
mortar Village leaders on which
villagers were likely to resist and
those that were poorly defended
the hagana also conducted aerial
surveillance taking pictures they turned
into highly accurate battle maps and
they recruited Jewish operatives with
Middle Eastern features known as
mustaravim who were planted in Arab
towns and Villages as spies
these Colonial intelligence gathering
operations would prove instrumental in
the nakba the catastrophe in 1948 when
many of the villagers infiltrated were
destroyed and at least 750 000
Palestinians were expelled from their
homes
all of that kind of cataloging and
category
laid the foundation for Israel's own
establishment of a quite Colonial
bureaucracy in the Years immediately
following statehood you know this
entailed deploying police forces and
tapping into radio signals and tapping
into phone calls to then developing
newer technologies that could intercept
emails and text messages and then
spyware CCTV cameras Biometrics and so
at every step of the way you see
technology not only standing in for
these more analog practices but
intensifying them
the surveillance being conducted by the
Israeli military is only one half of the
story Palestinians know there are two
systems that watch over them
we have one for the soldiers
and one for the settlers the sitters who
are living here in Hebron they have
their own security camera system
it's not connected to the Army for me
settlers hasbower more than the military
itself usually the settlers give order
to the soldier not to the opposite at
this moment I felt that we are facing
settlers by ourselves
no one is here to protect us from those
people
throughout the occupied West Bank
illegal settlements dominate the
hilltops and some of the security
systems are operated by the settlers
themselves
we visited the highly severed tepour
Junction in the northern West Bank and
received a special welcome from the
Israeli military
I'm good thank you how are you foreign
areas like this it can be difficult to
tell which cameras belong to the
military and which are run by settlers
we know about the existence of settler
cameras at this Junction installed far
beyond the boundaries of the settlements
because of who funded them not the
Israeli state but an American
organization called the one Israel fund
the seller organizations have really
Deep Pockets predominantly in North
America so the one Israel fund is a
really good example of this they're an
organization that was set up in the 90s
to transfer money from the United States
to settlements in the West Bank
[Music]
just look at it we can go up with the
Drone see the whole area search down the
Terrace in the area and the one Israel
fund has recently you know sent drones
with infrared cameras that settlers will
use to monitor Palestinian Villages
there's reports of settler using those
drones to follow Farmers as they take
their flocks to eat and pasture and
scare away goats and totally disrupt
Palestinians own ability to make money
and make a living off of their livestock
recently the one Israel fund has sold
cameras to settlements that they're
putting up in highly trafficked
Junctions across the West Bank so the
fact that the settlements can put up
their own cameras far away from their
own jurisdiction and use that
information to bolster their own
security apparatus just demonstrates how
much the Israeli military is
collaborating with settlements and using
settlers as a way to really Outsource
the occupation to other forms of
policing that are subjected to even less
regulation and oversight than the
Israeli military is we asked the Israeli
military for an interview on their use
of surveillance in the occupied
territories but they declined they did
tell us however as part of the fight
against terrorism and the efforts to
improve the quality of life for the
Palestinian population the IDF conducts
routine security operations naturally we
cannot comment on the IDF operational
capabilities in this context
with the Israeli military unable or
unwilling to speak we got in touch with
a former Israeli General with experience
in the West Bank he spoke with us on the
condition that we hide his identity
to collect a lot of data you can
accurately control
human terrain you need a lot of Intel in
order to counter terrorism
and it enables you to do so while you
separate between the bad guys and the
majority of the population this is the
main rationale
and there is a lot of tension between
basic human rights or privacy and kind
of military occupation
definitely in some places like Hebron
there is a huge complexity
because of Jewish settlements that are
embedded in a Palestinian City
I'm glad you mentioned Hebron we saw
cameras there that look directly into
people's homes into their bedrooms these
are by Design Technologies of mass
surveillance they target everyone if
counter-terrorism is the rationale as
you put it that's certainly not how it's
actually being used it's more about
control of Palestinians is it not
actually I'm not
very so I cannot
I can know that but as an Israeli
citizen
I'm not satisfied with the situation
there there are a lot of human rights
violations because of this complex
situation but I can agree that from what
you describe it's also a question of
more police Law and Order and
controlling them than fighting terrorism
but it definitely helps with terrorism
as well
the Israeli military says AI driven
surveillance will deliver a frictionless
occupation one that is supposedly more
benign
however these experimental technologies
have also allowed Israel to covertly
deepen its control over Palestinians
entrenching a form of apartheid but
doing so invisibly
we often hear about how advanced Israeli
security systems and surveillance
Technologies are and how they'll deliver
a more Humane and frictionless
occupation but I think what falls out of
that narrative is the really invasive
and dehumanizing aspects of surveillance
that upend Palestinians life day after
day to feel as if your every movement
what you say on and offline and what
you're maybe even thinking is being
documented and monitored by an occupying
Army makes life quite unbearable under
occupation
on the second episode of this special
edition of the listening post how
spyware is being used to Target human
rights defendants allowing the
infiltrators to falsify evidence the
intention is to actually stop us from
channeling the information that we
document to different entities around
the world that could actually hold the
Israeli perpetrators accountable the
elite Israeli intelligence unit
responsible for spying on Palestinians
and blackmailing them into cooperation
you always look for weaknesses people
with psychological difficulties or trust
issues stuff like that obviously once
you get that you put the person at
Double the risk because now he's a
traitor
and Jerusalem
oh
where there is nowhere to hide for
Palestinians
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