Microorganisms friend and foe class 8 Biology chapter under 30 mins
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, teacher Ankita delivers a crash course on microorganisms for Class 8 students, covering classification, benefits, and harmful effects. She explains the roles of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses in food production, antibiotic discovery, and vaccines. Ankita also discusses environmental contributions, like decomposition and the nitrogen cycle, and addresses disease transmission modes. The video concludes with a call to action for students to test their knowledge through a linked quiz and to participate in a personality test for academic insights.
Takeaways
- 📚 The class covers the chapter on microorganisms from an 8th-grade biology curriculum.
- ⏰ The session is designed as a crash course, aiming to complete the chapter in under 20 minutes.
- 📝 Students are encouraged to take notes to remember important points for exams.
- 🌟 The chapter is divided into three main sections: classification of microbes, their beneficial uses, and harmful effects.
- 🔬 Microorganisms are classified into bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses, each with distinct characteristics and examples.
- 🍽️ Microbes play a crucial role in food production, such as in the making of curd, cheese, and alcoholic beverages.
- 💊 Antibiotics, like penicillin, are derived from fungi and are used to treat bacterial infections, but must be taken as prescribed to avoid resistance.
- 💉 Vaccines, first discovered by Edward Jenner, contain weakened or dead microorganisms to build immunity against diseases.
- 🌱 Microorganisms are essential in environmental processes like decomposition and the nitrogen cycle, aiding in nutrient recycling.
- 🚫 Microbes can also be harmful, causing diseases in humans, animals, and plants, with various modes of transmission.
- 🛡️ Food preservation methods, such as the use of chemicals, salt, sugar, and heat treatment, prevent spoilage caused by microorganisms.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the chapter 'Microorganisms' in the Class 8 curriculum?
-The chapter 'Microorganisms' focuses on the classification of microbes, their beneficial uses, and their harmful effects.
How are microorganisms categorized in the chapter?
-Microorganisms are categorized into bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.
What is the significance of bacteria in the context of this chapter?
-Bacteria are significant as they are present everywhere and play a crucial role in various processes, including food production and decomposition.
Can you provide an example of a fungus mentioned in the script?
-Yeast and mushrooms are mentioned as common examples of fungi.
What is the role of microorganisms in food production?
-Microorganisms like lactobacillus help in the formation of curd, and yeast plays a vital role in the production of alcoholic beverages, vinegar, and many other food products.
Who discovered the first antibiotic, and what was it?
-The first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929.
How do vaccines work according to the script?
-Vaccines work by introducing either dead or weakened microorganisms into the body, which stimulates the immune system to create memory cells that can fight off future infections.
What is the importance of the nitrogen cycle in relation to microorganisms?
-Microorganisms play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle by helping in the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into forms that plants can absorb, and then returning it to the atmosphere after consumption.
What are the different modes of transmission of diseases caused by microorganisms?
-The modes of transmission include airborne, waterborne, vector-borne, foodborne, and through surfaces or contact.
How can food preservation methods help prevent spoilage caused by microorganisms?
-Food preservation methods such as adding chemicals, using salt, sugar, oil, vinegar, applying heat and cold, and vacuum sealing can inhibit the growth of microorganisms, thus preventing food spoilage.
What is the role of plasmodium in causing malaria as discussed in the script?
-Plasmodium, a protozoan parasite, causes malaria. It is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito and multiplies within the liver and red blood cells of the host.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Microorganisms
The video begins with a warm welcome from the teacher, Ankita, who introduces the topic of microorganisms for a class 8 audience. She emphasizes the importance of the chapter and announces a crash course designed to cover the entire syllabus in under 20 minutes. The class will cover classification, beneficial uses, and harmful effects of microorganisms. Ankita encourages students to take notes and subscribes to the channel for more educational content. The session promises to be comprehensive, including chapter summaries, mind maps, doubt solving, and mock tests.
🌱 Classification and Uses of Microbes
This segment delves into the classification of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. The teacher provides examples for each category, such as lactobacillus for bacteria and yeast for fungi. The discussion then shifts to the beneficial uses of microbes, particularly in food production, where they contribute to the making of curd, cheese, alcoholic beverages, and vinegar. The discovery of antibiotics by Alexander Fleming and the role of penicillin in fighting bacterial infections are highlighted, along with the importance of following medical prescriptions to avoid antibiotic resistance.
💉 Vaccines and Environmental Impact
The teacher discusses the history and function of vaccines, which contain dead or weakened microorganisms to stimulate the immune system. Edward Jenner's discovery of vaccination and its importance in preventing diseases like hepatitis and measles are covered. The video also touches on how microorganisms play a crucial role in environmental processes such as decomposition and the nitrogen cycle, contributing to soil fertility and maintaining ecological balance.
🚫 Harmful Effects of Microbes and Disease Transmission
This part of the video addresses the harmful effects of microbes, focusing on the diseases they cause in humans, animals, and plants. The teacher explains various modes of disease transmission, including airborne, waterborne, vector-borne, foodborne, and surface transmission. Examples of communicable and non-communicable diseases are provided, along with specific diseases that affect animals and plants. The segment also covers the life cycle of the plasmodium parasite, which causes malaria, and its transmission through the female Anopheles mosquito.
🛡 Food Preservation and Conclusion
The final segment discusses methods of food preservation to prevent spoilage, including the use of chemicals, salt, sugar, oil, vinegar, heat treatment, and modified atmosphere packaging. The teacher then invites students to test their knowledge through a quiz linked in the video description and promotes a personality and career analysis test for students. The class concludes with a reminder to like, share, and subscribe for more educational content, emphasizing the importance of continuous learning.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Microorganisms
💡Classification of Microbes
💡Beneficial Uses of Microbes
💡Harmful Effects of Microbes
💡Antibiotics
💡Vaccines
💡Decomposition
💡Nitrogen Cycle
💡Food Preservation
💡Vector-Borne Diseases
Highlights
Introduction to the importance of microorganisms in Class 8 curriculum.
Overview of the crash course format for efficient learning.
Emphasis on the significance of microorganisms in various aspects of life.
Classification of microbes into bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.
Explaining the different shapes of bacteria such as bacilli, cocci, and vibrio.
Benefits of microbes in food production, including the role of lactobacillus in curd formation.
The discovery of antibiotics, starting with penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1929.
Importance of following doctor's prescriptions for antibiotic intake to prevent bacterial resistance.
Vaccines as a crucial tool in preventing diseases, discovered by Edward Jenner in 1798.
Mechanism of how vaccines work and their importance in building immunity.
Examples of common vaccines that protect against diseases like hepatitis and measles.
Role of microorganisms in environmental processes such as decomposition and the nitrogen cycle.
Discussion on the harmful effects of microbes, including diseases in humans, animals, and plants.
Explanation of different modes of disease transmission, including airborne, waterborne, vector-borne, and foodborne.
The concept of communicable and non-communicable diseases caused by microorganisms.
Examples of animal diseases like anthrax and foot and mouth disease, and plant diseases like citrus canker and rust of wheat.
Detailed explanation of how plasmodium causes malaria through the female anopheles mosquito.
Various methods of food preservation to prevent spoilage, including chemical, salting, sugaring, and heating.
Invitation to take a quiz to test knowledge on the chapter and information about the BYJU'S National colorful personality test.
Conclusion of the class with a reminder to like, share, and subscribe for more educational content.
Transcripts
hi everyone and welcome to sixth seventh
and eighth Channel by juice I'm your
teacher Ankita and I welcome you in
today's class where we will be
discussing about a very important
chapter from Class 8 and the name of the
chapter is microorganism and this is a
very important class because it's a
crash course class and most importantly
we will be discussing about this whole
chapter just under 20 minutes so I hope
that all of you are ready with your pen
and your notebook so that you know down
all the important points that we will be
discussing in today's class and if
you're new here please do take a moment
and hit that like button and subscribe
to our Channel because only on baiju's
channel we are making sure that you
Excel and Ace your examination so we
have launched the crash course in which
we will be completing your whole
syllabus we have chapter summaries under
20 minutes we'll be focusing on the
subjective and the objective questions
we have mind map doubt solving and so
much more and most importantly we will
be having by juice mock test so that
you're ready for your examination so
what are you waiting for hit the
Subscribe button and join our amazing
family and on that note let's get
started this is a very important chapter
from the exam point of view and when we
discuss about the microorganisms whether
they are friends or therefore we can
broadly categorize this chapter in under
the three important sub division it's
very important for us to break the
chapter so that we know what we have to
study and you know we can easily plan
our study so here we have first part
which is the classification of microbes
then we have beneficial uses of microbes
and then we have harmful effects of
microbes so we are starting with the
first one which is the classification
and here we go so in the classification
we will be discussing about the
different types of microorganisms we
have around us the first one of course
we have the bacteria now bacteria are of
course we say that they are everywhere
and bacterias are very very crucial for
all of us now in the bacteria present in
a different shape and different sizes we
have basili we have cocci we have vibrio
write the comma shape then we have this
parallel now of course these are the
different shapes of the bacteria the one
of the common ones I'm sure you all know
is the lactobacillus which is also a
bacteria so bacterias are there then of
course the next one that we'll be
discussing are the fungi now we're here
now for the common example in the fungi
is yeast and the mushrooms interesting
right then of course we have another
category which of the protozoa now here
we have amoeba and paramecium as the
examples then we have the algae where of
course we have the glidomonas and the
great kelp right and the last but not
the least which is virus now viruses are
not the living right they're not living
outside the human body but they're
living inside the host body of the human
body so the category of the virus is
still a kind of you know in between we
don't call them as living organisms all
together and we can't call them as
non-living also they are non-living
outside the body of the holes and they
are living inside the body of the host
and one of the common example of course
we discuss in the terms of the virus we
have the common cold right so these are
the few examples that you know we have
and common cold is a very common disease
caused by the virus right so uh these
are the different categories of the
microbes that we have we have bacteria
fungi protozoa algae and the virus now
that we're done with the first part of
it we'll be looking at the second part
of this particular chapter which deals
about the beneficial uses of the
microbes so microbes are really very
helpful to us and we'll be discussing
about how they help us in different
areas throughout our life
first of course we'll be discussing in
detail about the food production so we
have various microorganisms that
actually help in the food production and
of course in our daily products we have
already discussed about the lactose uh
lactose basili right of course this
actually helped me the formation of the
curd and we have other bacteria actually
help in the you know in the process of
making cheese then of course we have the
yummy yummy desserts that we have
definitely we have various
microorganisms playing a very important
role over here right then of course we
have the alcoholic beverages like wine
right there also we have the yeast and
other microorganism that plays a very
important role and of course we have the
vinegar so in all of these food and
different other products that we have
over here and different products that
that are available in the market
microorganisms plays a very important
role in the manufacturing of these so
they are actually very very helpful
moving ahead let's just discuss about
the another important category that is
of the antibiotics now antibiotics were
first discovered of course as we say by
Alexandra Fleming right in the 1929 and
what he did he actually discovered the
penicillin the first antibiotic now it
is a fungi so there's a story which goes
by that you know he was working and he
you know on a petri dish there was a
culture of the bacteria and after a few
days he saw that you know there's a
growth of something new on the petri
dish which is actually stopping the
growth of the bacteria from moving from
that particular place so then of course
uh he figured it out that it's a
penicillin and this is actually
antibiotic it means that it's stopping
the growth or it's restricting the
growth of the bacteria it's antibiotic
so we know that the first antibiotic was
Penicillin and of course now we have
different types of antibiotic that are
available in the market which of course
we consume right and and we take it only
when the doctor prescribed to us doctor
tells us to eat and there's a perfect
doses of we don't take over we don't uh
take the overdose because it will not be
helpful for the body now definitely it
is useful
if the doctor prescribers and of course
uh you know if you take a right amount
of doses which doctor have said us to
take now they will be helping in
fighting the bacteria which are there in
the body and will be helping in becoming
healthy again but just in case if you're
not following doctor instruction and if
we are consuming more of it what will
happen it will be harming our body apart
from that the bacterias will become
resistance right so one tablet can kill
a certain amount of bacteria if we keep
on taking that one tablet maybe the
bacteria will feel you know what we can
have the resistance and maybe we have to
increase the doses to fight those
bacteria so they become resistance
towards that particular antibiotics so
we have to make sure that we are not
taking them in a large quantity we
should be taking them as in terms of the
doctor prescriptions only so this is
really very important point so this is a
very important two marks question or a
three marks question that can come apart
from that the previous topic which we
have with food production is equally
important so please make sure to note
all the important points there also so
we have discussed about the food
production antibiotics now let's discuss
about a very very important topic which
which usually come here in your
examination that is of the vaccine so
let's understand how we have the
vaccines so the vaccine was first
discovered by the Edward Jenner right in
the year 1798 and of course from there
only we have the vaccination so in the
vaccination what we have it's nothing
but a fluid right a serum uh liquid
which contain either the dead
microorganisms or the weakened
microorganisms that will be getting
injected into the individual right and
as I get into the individual's body it
will have a difference mechanism so as
it enters the body of the individuals
the white blood cells in the human body
will start fighting it as it is dead or
the weak right it will not be having
that harmful effect on the body of the
individual the individual men might have
some reactions to it right maybe a fever
write another few symptoms will be there
but what will happen the bodies will be
identifying it and there will be the
creation of memory cell that goes into a
mind next time when a live pathogen
enters in the body of the individual
they can easily fight so that's why
vaccination becomes really very
important and there are two modes of
taking these vaccines or basically these
uh all the microbes in the body that
will be helping us to have our immunity
first of course by the injection
directly injecting the injections or by
the oral vaccine but both of these
methods what is happening we are taking
a small amount of the dead or the weak
microbes or microorganisms in our body
our body will be creating a defense
mechanism and there will be a cells that
will stay in our body next time if these
microorganisms living micro organisms
attacks a body we have a defense
mechanism already intact within our body
and they will be helping fighting the
living organism that's how how body
immune system works so this is really
important can be asked in the
examination how the vaccines works and
why they're important three marks
question please take a note of it now
let's discuss about the different types
of vaccines we have right and uh the
diseases that provide the protection
against so we have two book losses
right
um we have cholera of course hepatitis
and measles so I'm sure when you were
younger I'm sure you would have taken
the vaccines for the hepatitis and the
measles right and so in the future just
in case if we uh you know if we
encounter them again our body will not
have that adverse effect this is really
very important so till now we have
discussed about the beneficial uses of
microbes that are definitely definitely
very benef beneficial for all of us the
help in the food production right we
they help in the food production in the
antibiotics vaccine now let's discuss
about the environment now environments
right it's science it sounds very
different let's see how the
microorganisms are helping so first of
all they actually help in the process of
decomposition they actually help in
cleaning out right the dead and Decay
matter so decomposition becomes really
very important in our environment and
this is very very important for all of
us the composition actually help in
clearing out the dead materials right
and over here we have an activity that
will be helping us to understand the
decomposition so in one jar of course in
one uh jar we have the living uh we have
the living material basically we have uh
the waste of the plants right vegetable
Peels and on the on the beaker B we have
the plastic eventually we know that
microorganisms would be able to only act
on this right this material the
vegetables the vegetable peels the fruit
peels the leaves right or the dead
organisms and we will see getting
decomposed right whereas the plastic of
course will remain unaffected by the
microorganisms so this is really very
important actually help in clearing out
our environment apart from that it
actually adds a lot of nutrition back to
the soil so decomposition becomes really
very important and we have the
microorganisms to thank for
then microorganisms help in a very very
important process which is the nitrogen
cycle now nitrogen cycle is really
interesting and super important from the
exam point of view also so we know that
we all need nitrogen and nitrogen is
there in our atmosphere on a huge amount
but still we cannot take the nitrogen
directly nor us not plants not any
living organism but nitrogen is really
very important so how we are getting the
nitrogen let's understand that so we
have the atmospheric nitrogen the plants
cannot directly take it right of course
they will be taking away the help of
course of the various microorganisms and
of course there are very different steps
all together so the atmospheric nitrogen
right of course we'll see the fixation
of the nitrogen it will be moving into
the soil of course we have the bacterias
over there that will be helping in
breakdown of it to the ammonium then of
course the nitrate and nitrate and
further they're only to be getting
absorbed by the plants and hence they
have the nitrogen and if we consume
plants or any other animals consume
plants they'll get the nitrogen and of
course the remaining will be going back
into the atmosphere so here we have the
two important steps we have the
atmospheric nitrogen then we'll see the
nitrogen fixation a modification right
then we have nitrification and at the
end we had the denitrification so it's a
very important concept please make sure
you take a note of it and please make
sure you read from your textbook that uh
you know what are the steps and how you
have to write in your examination it's
very very important so please make sure
you are starting it separately on that
note let's move ahead right so we have
discussed as of now about the
classification of microbes and we have
discussed about the beneficial uses of
microbes now we are left with one of the
last topic which is the harmful effects
of microbes and let's discuss about that
so we know that microorganisms causes
various diseases and when we talk about
the diseases we will be discussing about
the human disease first and then of
course the New Zealand plants and the
animal
and human diseases let's discuss about
what are the modes of transmission so
there are different modes of
transmission that we have
in terms of the medium that the
microorganism using from from moving
from the infected individual to the
healthy individual so of course we have
the airborne disease right Airborne in
the air so if a person who was carrying
a virus right if the sneeze or the cuff
the droplets will be carrying that
particular
virus in the air and if we have
unhealthy individual into that
surrounding if the inhaler if they get
you know if they get this droplet on
their body and of course it gets inside
their body they might get the disease so
the air is a very important medium then
of course the water so various
microorganisms use water as a medium of
the transportation right then we have
the vector now in this particular case
these Vector will be carrying the
particle pathogen right from one
individual from the affected individual
to the healthy individual when we have
the foodborne disease of course where
the food if there is a contamination of
the food right for example we have this
fly right if uh the fly sits fly sits on
a various you know waste material and
the features right and if it comes from
there and it collects the various
pathogens and if that particle sits on
up food and if we consume that food yes
the healthy person might get infected so
these are the different modes and the
last one is from the surface right for
might Bond of course from the surfaces
that we have all around us like if
there's infected individual who's
touching the surface I never held into
individual touches that there are
chances that you know we can transfer
the disease in terms of the clothes also
it can easily move from the infected
individual to the healthy individual so
we hear what we have is a different mode
of transmission now we'll be discussing
in details of the types of diseases we
have so we have the communicable
diseases and non-communicable disease as
the world is there communicable diseases
these move from one individual from the
infected individual to the of course to
the healthy individual so we have
Airborne diseasement examples we have
common cold kovid in waterborne with
disease we have typhoid and cholera
Vector bone diseasement we have malaria
and Dengue so the agent the vectors over
here is the mosquito but inside that
mosquito we have the pathogens that will
be causing the malaria and the Dengue
then we have the formite bond we have
the chickenpox and the influenza then of
course we have the non-communicable
diseases like you know
um asthma and all of these other
diseases like heart attack any issues
with the heart so these diseases are
over here so we are clear with the
different types of diseases and of
course we have the examples now examples
are really very important so please make
sure you remember the examples each of
these you should remember to do examples
because it can come in your examination
and it'll be helping you to score good
mass in your examination also so we're
done with this political topic where we
have discussed about the types of
diseases and we have discussed about the
human diseases now we'll be moving ahead
to the animal and the plant diseases so
here we go
we'll discuss about the animal first so
in animals they they also get infected
by the various pathogens and pathogens
are the organism that causes disease so
here we have the anthrax and of course
we have the foot and mouth disease in
the animals and in Plants we have
various diseases like we have the Citrus
cancer in Citrus of course in lemon
trees we have rust of wheat in wheat and
we have the yellow veins Massac of bindi
so these are the plant diseases that are
caused by the various microorganisms now
we are clear with the animal disease and
the plant disease and now we'll be
taking a look at the plasmodia sorry
plasmodium right and how it causes the
malaria so we know that malaria is
caused by the plasmodium which is a
protozo one right and uh the vector over
here is a female anopheles mosquito so
this particle mosquito right when bites
a healthy individual if it's carrying
the plasmodium it will be releasing the
plasma modium in the body of the healthy
individual right they will be going
first into the liver cells right and of
course from there they'll be moving to
the red blood cells so this becomes a
really uh very uh evident example of the
vector born diseases plasmodium over
here is a pathogen and the vector which
is carrying the plasmodium is the female
anaphylase mosquitoes River do remember
these examples moving ahead right we
have this uh interesting information for
all of us to remember over here we have
the Citrus chemical disease Citrus
plants it's a bacterial disease do
remember this also then of course we
have the yellow Maasai Queen lady finger
in Plants will be able to see this and
it is caused by a virus disease it's a
viral disease and then we have the rust
of wheat it we'll see in the wheat and
it is a fungal disease so we have
discussed about the different types of
diseases altogether now we'll be
discussing about that how we can
actually
prevent right and prevent uh actually
preserve the food so if you if you keep
the food outside for some time you will
see that it'll become spoiled right but
on a daily basis we use various food
products that have been preserved
properly so that we can use we'll
discuss about that right there are
various methods for the food
preservation so first of course we have
the chemicals we add the chemicals so
that the shelf life of the products
increases and will be able to use them
after a long time then of course we have
the use of common salt if we add the
salt of course we'll see the loss of
water and of course as there's a lot of
water we will able to see that you know
me especially in the terms of meat it
will be easily preserved then of course
we use sugar as a method of preservation
especially in jams right especially in
Jellies all together then of course we
have the oil and vinegar I'm sure you
would have seen your you know in your
family the making of the pickles and
definitely they add the lot of oil and
vinegar to make sure that the food the
food products are not getting spoiled
and they're preserved for ears together
then we have the heat and cold this of
course we see in the milk right the milk
package as we get so there will be the
heating of the milk and then of course
there'll be a certain cooling of the
milk and the liptagonal Tetra pack so
that they can come to us and we can
easily consume them then the last one of
course is the heat and cold of course
adding the spices all together so we're
here right we have it and of course
there's a we use the eight at containers
right we make sure there's no air inside
it so that actually adds on to a lot so
we have discussed about the methods of
the food preservation and this
particular topic we are done with this
interesting and super important chapter
I hope that all of you have taken note
of all the important points that we have
discussed we will be meeting really very
soon but before I go let me quickly tell
you about this something really very
important you have studied this
particular chapter with us and now it's
time for you to test yourself so in the
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chapter there are a few questions please
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classes please make sure you take the
test apart from that we have an amazing
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colorful personality test the last date
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for this and on that note I will end the
class I hope that you've enjoyed the
class and I hope that all of you have
taken a note of all the important points
that we have discussed we'll be meeting
in the next class till that time please
make sure to hit the like button for the
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take care of yourself and keep on
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God
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