Forestry for the Future: Lessons in Sustainable Management from Maine
Summary
TLDRThe video script from the University of Maine School of Forest Resources delves into forest management, showcasing various techniques like clear-cutting, shelterwood thinning, and selection cutting. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices, wildlife habitat, and addressing climate change through forestry. The script features interviews with foresters and researchers, highlighting the balance between ecological health and human objectives in managing forests for future generations.
Takeaways
- 🌲 The script discusses the personal journey of someone who started with a passion for forests and eventually sought professional knowledge in forestry management.
- 📚 It highlights the importance of education in forestry, emphasizing the value of attending classes at the University of Maine to learn about forest management.
- 🔍 The video script introduces various silvicultural treatments like clear-cutting, shelterwood thinning, selection cutting, and irregular shelterwood cutting, showcasing the range of options available for forest management.
- ❓ It addresses the concept of exploitative harvesting, which involves taking out the most valuable trees without considering the long-term sustainability of the forest.
- 🌳 The script explains even-aged management, which involves regenerating the next cohort of trees all at once, leading to a uniform forest stand.
- 🏞️ It contrasts even-aged management with uneven-aged systems, where trees of many different ages coexist, creating a more complex and diverse forest structure.
- 🐦 The importance of forest management for wildlife habitat is discussed, with a focus on creating conditions that support a variety of bird species and other wildlife.
- 🌱 The script touches on the impact of past exploitive harvesting practices on current forest composition and health, and how these practices have led to a shift towards more sustainable management strategies.
- 🌤️ It discusses the role of forestry in addressing climate change, emphasizing the potential of forests to store carbon and the importance of managing forests to enhance this capacity.
- 👨🏫 The value of consulting with foresters for landowners is highlighted, as they can provide guidance on creating management plans, conducting timber inventories, and addressing ecological concerns.
- 🚫 The script also mentions the various regulations that affect forestry in Maine, emphasizing the complexity of managing forests and the need for professional guidance to navigate these rules.
Q & A
What is the main goal of the person speaking in the script?
-The main goal of the person speaking is to manage and take care of their forest in a way that promotes both the health of the forest and the well-being of wildlife, while also producing saw logs for the mill.
What role does the University of Maine School of Forest Resources play in the script?
-The University of Maine School of Forest Resources is involved in educating and assisting with forest management. They offer forestry classes and develop management plans, contributing to the knowledge and practices of forest management.
What is silviculture and how does it relate to the script?
-Silviculture is defined as the art and science of managing forests for desired outcomes. It is central to the script as it discusses various silvicultural treatments such as clear-cutting, shelterwood thinning, and selection cutting, which are used to manage forests sustainably.
What are the different silvicultural treatments mentioned in the script?
-The script mentions several silvicultural treatments including clear-cutting, shelterwood thinning, selection cutting, irregular shelterwood, and exploitative harvests.
How does even-aged management differ from uneven-aged management in the context of the script?
-Even-aged management refers to techniques where the next cohort of trees is regenerated all at once, leading to a uniform forest age. Uneven-aged management, on the other hand, involves having trees of many different ages in the forest at the same time, which requires careful long-term management to achieve.
What is the significance of pre-commercial and commercial thinning as mentioned in the script?
-Pre-commercial and commercial thinning are stand tending activities that involve removing smaller trees to reduce competition and allow better trees to grow. This practice helps in creating an open forest structure and improves the overall health and quality of the forest.
How does the script address the issue of wildlife habitat in forest management?
-The script addresses wildlife habitat by discussing the importance of maintaining a diverse forest with multiple layers of vegetation, gaps for bird species, and the presence of old trees and snags. It also mentions the decline in bird species and how certain forest management practices can help support their habitats.
What is the impact of exploitative harvesting on forest health as described in the script?
-Exploitative harvesting, or high grading, focuses on taking the most valuable trees without considering the future sustainability of the forest. This practice can lead to a decline in forest health, with poor-quality trees dominating the stand and a loss of valuable species like spruce and hemlock.
How does the script suggest managing an uneven-aged forest to improve its condition?
-The script suggests creating small gap openings in the forest to allow more light and encourage the growth of different aged and sized trees. It also recommends thinning out lower quality trees to allow healthier ones to grow bigger and older.
What advice does the script give to landowners regarding forest management and planning?
-The script advises landowners to work with foresters who can help set priorities, prepare management plans, conduct timber inventories, and address issues like wildlife, invasive species, and water quality. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the outcomes of different management practices.
Outlines
🌲 Forest Management and Education
The speaker, Martin Grant Strim, a research assistant at the University of Maine, discusses his journey into forestry after discovering the need to take care of his land. He shares his experience of learning from a forester and attending forestry classes at the University of Maine. The video aims to educate about forest management options, harvesting techniques, wildlife habitat, climate change, and other considerations. It introduces various silvicultural treatments, including clear-cutting, shelterwood thinning, selection cutting, and the difference between silviculture and exploitive harvesting. The speaker emphasizes the long-term implications of forest management decisions and the importance of sustainable practices.
🔍 Exploring Forest Management Techniques
This section delves into the specifics of even-aged and uneven-aged forest management. Even-aged management involves regenerating the next cohort of trees simultaneously, leading to a uniform stand. The speaker contrasts this with uneven-aged management, which maintains a mix of tree ages and sizes. The discussion highlights the importance of thinning and stand tending to reduce tree loss and improve forest health. The economic and ecological aspects of forestry are also considered, including the balance between market opportunities and tree biology. The speaker discusses selective cutting as a sustainable silvicultural practice that maintains forest health and biodiversity.
🌳 The Impact of Exploitive Harvesting
The paragraph discusses the consequences of exploitive harvesting, which involves removing the most valuable trees without considering the long-term sustainability of the forest. The speaker describes a case study where a forest initially dominated by spruce, hemlock, and fir was subjected to high-grading, leading to a shift in species composition towards red maple. The poor-quality stump sprouts that resulted are highlighted as an undesirable outcome of such harvesting practices. The speaker suggests that creating small gap openings and thinning out less desirable trees can help improve forest diversity and health.
🌱 Regenerative Forestry and Ecological Dynamics
This section explores ecological forestry, focusing on the Acadian forests and their natural regenerative processes driven by gap dynamics. The speaker discusses irregular shelterwood silviculture as a method that mimics natural disturbances and promotes forest regeneration. The benefits of this approach include economic efficiency and minimal environmental impact. The speaker also encourages landowners to actively monitor their forests for signs of decline, such as the hemlock woolly adelgid, and to promote forest diversity to enhance resilience against disturbances.
🌿 Climate Change and Forest Management
The speaker addresses the role of forestry in combating climate change, emphasizing the importance of increasing carbon storage through longer rotations and minimizing soil disturbance. The choice of tree species that are suited to future climates is highlighted as a strategy for sustainable management. The speaker also discusses the energy efficiency and environmental benefits of using wood as a construction material compared to alternatives like steel. The paragraph concludes with a call for responsible harvesting practices that consider both local and global environmental impacts.
📚 The Role of Foresters in Sustainable Forestry
The final paragraph underscores the importance of foresters in guiding landowners through the complex process of forest management. Foresters help in setting priorities, preparing management plans, conducting timber inventories, and addressing various ecological and legal considerations. The speaker stresses the need for a balance between ecological health and human objectives, such as timber production and wildlife habitat enhancement. The paragraph concludes with a reflection on the practical aspects of forest management, emphasizing the value of hands-on learning and the importance of understanding the outcomes of different management techniques.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Silviculture
💡Even-aged management
💡Uneven-aged management
💡Exploitative harvests
💡Pre-commercial thinning
💡Commercial thinning
💡Wildlife habitat
💡Climate change
💡Gap dynamics
💡Irregular shelterwood
💡Sustainable forestry
Highlights
The importance of understanding forest management to ensure sustainable growth and care for forests.
The role of a forester in creating a management plan to guide forest care and development.
The value of forestry classes at UMaine for learning how to take care of forests.
The goal of having saw logs taken to a mill while also ensuring wildlife happiness in the forest.
Introduction to the University of Maine school of forest resources and its research on forest management options.
Explanation of silviculture as the art and science of managing forests for desired outcomes.
Discussion on different silvicultural treatments such as clear-cutting, shelter wood thinning, and selection cutting.
The concept of exploitative harvests and their impact on the future sustainability of forest management.
The profound implications of forest decisions on future forest conditions.
Description of even-aged management and its effect on forest regeneration.
The benefits of pre-commercial and commercial thinning for forest health and product quality.
The challenges of managing uneven-aged forests and the aesthetic and ecological benefits they provide.
The terminology of selective cutting in forestry and its role in sustainable forest management.
The impact of exploitive harvesting on forest species composition and the resulting poor quality trees.
Strategies for enhancing bird habitat in forests through management practices.
The consequences of high-grading in forests and the loss of valuable species like spruce and hemlock.
Advice for landowners on managing uneven-aged forests to create more diverse conditions.
The negative effects of diameter-limit cutting on forest stand quality and health.
Ecological forestry principles and the use of nature's template for forest management.
The importance of regular forest inspections to identify and manage issues like hemlock woolly adelgid.
Strategies for increasing carbon storage in forests through longer rotations and minimizing soil disturbance.
The role of foresters in helping landowners manage for multiple objectives, including timber, wildlife, and income.
The practical application of forest management techniques and the importance of understanding outcomes in the forest.
Transcripts
[Music]
we just wanted to be tenting over here
and having fun with it being up the
outside and then I figured out it
started growing and then I figured out
okay I've got to take care of it
I need to know how to do it so I I asked
my forester can you help me and he said
you can help me my management plan and
so I learned a lot about that and then I
said okay now I'm gonna go back to
forestry classes and so I've taken many
or most of the forestry classes at
UMaine because I need to know how to
take care of it and that's what I do
when I figure it out so yeah I'm not
gonna give up
I love me forests so my goals would be
to have some saw logs taken to a mill I
also want wildlife to be happy here
that's important to us and our planet
welcome my name is Martin grant strim
and I'm a research assistant with the
University of Maine school of forest
resources over the next 30 minutes we'll
meet with folks working in the maine
forest and learn more about management
options and explain some harvesting
techniques will touch on wildlife
habitat climate change and some other
considerations while these examples are
from the northern conifer forests of
Maine much of what we'll learn applies
to tree species and forest types
elsewhere
[Music]
the u.s. Forest Service has more than 80
long-term research sites nationwide and
this is one of those it was established
in 1950 what we're researching out here
is silviculture which is the art and
science of managing forests for the
outcomes that you want and we're looking
at a full suite of silvicultural
treatments so there's ones that create
an even-aged forest condition and
there's others that create an uneven
aged forest condition and there's a lot
of different options between those and
so we're looking at things like
clear-cutting shelter wood thinning we
also have what's called selection
cutting irregular shelter wood so these
are all different types of silvicultural
treatments and then along with that
we're also looking at what we call
exploitative harvests so exploitive
harvests are the result of going into a
forest and just taking out what you can
sell in the short term without any
consideration of the future
sustainability of the management and so
by looking at that full range of
different types of silvicultural
treatments we can look at the outcomes
of them over many years and identify the
pros and cons of each of those options
the decisions we make in the forest
today have really profound implications
for what will be there in the future and
so whether you choose to do a type of
silviculture or a type of exploitive
harvesting you can end up with a
different condition not just immediately
after the harvest but for many many
decades in the future so even aged
management refers to any technique in
which your regeneration so your next
cohort of trees all gets regenerated at
the same time it means you get all of
your crop in at once and you get all of
your harvest in at once
[Music]
this is a shelter would stand so this is
a stand that was regenerated using
even-aged management techniques where
they left some big trees that acted as
seed sources and shade for the
regenerating stand and then removed
those big trees once the regeneration
was established this stand has been both
pre commercially thinned and
commercially thinned and so what that
means is they've come through and
they've captured some of the
intermediate value so some of these
balsam fir that might die early on are
taken out and that's what creates this
open condition in here in contrast this
stand was started at the same time but
has never been pre commercially thinned
or commercially thinned and you can see
that when you look at it there's a
extremely dense very small stems you
can't see very far you can't walk very
far in it it does provide some good
shelter for certain types of wildlife
because it's it's very dense and closed
but it also doesn't give you a lot of
very merchantable products because you
have a lot of really small trees that
really limits your options and if you
were to go in and remove a bunch of the
trees to create this open structure
you're going to lose a lot of the
remaining trees to blow down and damage
and things like that so there's a lot of
trees in here that have already fallen
over or are dead and still standing and
it's really it's a natural stand process
because they all grew up together the
smaller trees that were shaded out have
died and fallen over and you can help
reduce that by thinning and removing
trees as they grow with stand tending
which is what we call activities like
pre commercial and commercial thinning
there's windows of opportunities that
you kind of have to hit both in terms of
markets and in terms of tree biology and
so foresters I think are always keeping
both those things in their head the
biology the ecology of forests and the
economics which is how we make a living
[Music]
this is an uneven age system so we have
trees of many different ages in the in
the forest all at once when we come in
at harvest we tend to harvest some of
the mature trees but we're also always
harvesting the lower quality trees and
the shorter lives species to try in
favor favor better trees so we're
harvesting trees and all the diameter
classes from the very big to the very
small based on what our management goals
are this is the kind of forest you
cannot create overnight if you're
starting with a forest that's relatively
even aged or maybe has two ages that all
the trees are the same you can't turn it
into this overnight but through careful
management over a long time you can get
it into this into this condition its
aesthetic I think it's aesthetically
beautiful there's a lot going on here
but it's also a place that's produced
timber for a long time those of us who
work in forestry can get pretty specific
in our terminology and that can be
confusing to folks who aren't themselves
foresters and one example of that is the
term selective cutting so to us
selective cutting means that you just
selected what to cut and oftentimes it
was the most valuable trees and you
didn't really think about what you left
behind selection cutting is a very
specific type of sila culture that's
focused on creating and maintaining a
stand of many different ages and sizes
of trees and that is sustainable
forestry
[Music]
we're helping landowners and foresters
see the forest in a little bit different
way that can benefit multiple bird
species and then along with that other
species that use similar type of habitat
we know that many of our bird species
are declining dramatically across not
just Maine but across the entire
continent we selected 20 species that
are representative of those birds and
then looked at what are the particular
forest types they use and what are the
particular habitat features that they
use within those forests and those
include things like do you have three
layers of vegetation a healthy full
overstory mid-story and understory do
you have small gaps in the forests that
are somewhere between 1/10 of an acre to
2 acres in size do you have big legacy
trees or old trees in your forest keep
those if you don't have them try to grow
them by opening up the area around
really healthy-looking trees that can
then grow even bigger do you have dead
standing trees or snags as we call them
that are good habitat for woodpeckers
and other species like flying squirrels
you can pack a lot more birds into a an
older force that has multi stories and
and multiple age and ages and classes of
trees than you can a younger forest
[Music]
so right now we're standing in a area of
the forest that has been subjected to
what we call exploitive harvesting and
this is considered a high grade so the
term high grading when it comes to
harvesting means taking all of the most
valuable trees so when we started in the
1950s this was a mature softwood
dominated stand so lots of big trees
spruce hemlock or important species here
we came in for the purposes of research
at that time and we just cut everything
that could be sold and after the stand
grew back in the 1980s we did it again
so today the species composition in this
stand is dominated in large part by red
maple and a single stem red maple that's
what we call a tree that's just growing
on its own can be a really nice tree
from a timber production perspective but
what we see here is what we call a red
maple stump sprout and red maple stump
sprouts often result from past
harvesting it's a species that
vigorously sends up a bunch of new stems
after the main stem has been cut and
many of these unfortunately are very
poor quality and poor vigor and so we
see an example of that here where these
trees have poor form many of them are
dying and so from a forest management
perspective when we're thinking about
using our growing space wisely on trees
that we can manage in the future this
isn't a desirable outcome when we think
about this stand it originally was more
than 80% soft woods
it's almost completely spruce hemlock
and fir to a large extent the spruce and
hemlock are now gone so they are slow
growing they require a really kind of a
moist seed bed in order to regenerate
and so they don't do very well in a
large open area the fir however is a
much more competitive conifer in this
region it's faster growing and so that
has maintained a good representation
here in the stand but unfortunately it
has a short lifespan so while the
hemlock and the spruce can
400 years or longer these fur on these
poorly drained sites tend to die at 70
to 80 years old this is not ideal bird
habitat this is that intermediate stage
where it's too old for those species
that really like super young forests to
do well and it's too young for those
species that like older forests to do
really well so you'll definitely get
some birds in here but not nearly the
same variety of species or a number of
individuals as you would in the
selection cut so if a landowner does
have a forest like this
that's uneven-aged and not that old what
are some things that they can do to try
to kind of create a more diverse
condition well I think one of the first
things that I would suggest would be to
go in and do a few small gap openings
something that could be 1/10 of an acre
patches spread out or maybe one or two
larger quarter acre half acre even so
that you you open up the forest get some
more light in get some different ages
some different size trees and then in
addition to that you might want to go in
and start thinning out some of the real
scrubby stuff so that and keep the
better sized trees and the better the
healthier looking trees so that they can
grow even bigger and older and
eventually turn into good saw logs no
longer live species and the long to live
species yeah
[Music]
so the stand we're in right now was
harvested with what's called
diameter-limit cutting and specifically
we call this fixed diameter-limit
cutting which means there's a specific
or fixed tree size and above that all
the trees that are merchantable are
harvested and all the trees below that
are left and by removing all the large
and most valuable trees and leaving
those that are poor vigor or unmerge
aníbal and not doing any thinning or
what we would call tending in the
smaller size classes over time the
quality of the stand and the health of
the stand deteriorate I think there are
some misconceptions about sustainable
management of stands that have many
different ages or sizes of trees and in
a stand where you have let's say trees
of a similar age those that are bigger
are more competitive they're growing
better than the ones that are smaller
that might be on the same age class
they're sort of the losers and the
competition and so if you come in to a
stand and you remove the large trees
what you're releasing are sort of the
trees that were the losers in the race
to the sky
and so they're not going to grow as well
as if they were young trees you have to
be thoughtful about leaving some of the
good trees to provide seed and doing
some thinning which is reducing the
stand density in the smaller size
classes to give more growing space to
the best trees you have there but that
is more complicated than just cutting
the largest trees and I think that you
know a combination of ease and
efficiency and misunderstanding about
the effects of this type of harvesting
have led to it being so prevalent
[Music]
ecological forestry the way I define it
and I think most people is about using
nature's template to inform those
processes in the case of the Acadian
forests where we are here a very diverse
place what we know about it is that it's
driven by what's called gap dynamics
where the patches of regeneration are
very small within the stand tenth of an
acre or less typically driven by wind
storms and forest pests so what we're
looking at here is one variant of your
regular shelter wood now irregular
shelter wood is kind of a hybrid
silvicultural system we think of it as
multi age we're looking at here as one
of the small gap treatments over a
hundred year period both treatments
regenerate in gaps one percent per year
every ten years in that one to the large
gap treatment we cut 20% we do that five
times and then the stand is regenerated
most importantly one of the hardest
things to do in silviculture if you're
going to have a light hand and not
harvest very much under an ecological
paradigm if you do that one tree at a
time scattered around in the whole
forest that's very difficult because of
the especially with the moderate harvest
machinery just the trails to get to
those trees are gonna ma amount to
probably twenty or twenty-five percent
of the area in the stand whereas if you
group them in these small patches you
can you can economically harvest 10% and
maybe with a few little trails but the
trails get reused so that's this very
small investment just a few percent area
five or six percent of the area to stand
and it's economic to come in with a
large harvester and do that just uh if
the wood is concentrated like it is in
these gaps so that's a really critical
advantage I think of these irregular
group shelter wood approaches
[Music]
so one of the things we encourage people
to do is spend time in their forest so
sometimes an example is hemlock woolly
adelgid so people will say well you know
all of a sudden the hemlock have died or
it looks sick from hemlock woolly
adelgid and the reality is that in Maine
that is not in all of a sudden its it is
a gradual decline and so if you're
actively looking for hemlock woolly
adelgid
on a regular basis you're gonna find it
before there's any significant sign of
decline and so it's getting out there
and really looking at your trees and if
you notice a change then question it you
know is this normal is this something
that I should get some help on you know
besides our division there are district
foresters out there that can you know do
walks in the woodlot and say yeah this
you know this might need some attention
or no it's it's nothing to worry about
one of the best things you can do is to
encourage diversity and diversity of
species diversity of age classes
diversity of structure you have some
ability to escape damage the good news
in Maine is that we have forests that do
fairly well at regenerating after those
disturbances and the worries as far as
that's concerned as things like your
invasive plants that may out come to eat
that natural regeneration or the big
disturbance event
[Music]
I got involved when I was at the Maine
Forest Service and we started thinking
about how do we manage for us to reduce
climate change so there are big unknowns
but there are also big knowns that we do
know how to deal with we can increase
carbon storage in the forest by growing
trees and longer rotations and making
sure that we minimize soil disturbance
as we're doing harvest things and you
should be trying to grow species that
are going to be well-suited to future
climates like you'll notice here on my
property what am i emphasizing I'm
emphasizing Oaks and Pines and that's
because that's what we expect is going
to do the best in this part of the world
in the future you have to look at all
the interacting pieces this is a system
that we have and it's a system that we
use to provide materials that if we
don't have wood materials then we're
going to use something else and those
other things all consume far more energy
intensive greater greenhouse gas
emissions so it takes ten times as much
energy to produce a steel stud as it
does a wooden stud and if so if we
substitute wood for other construction
materials we really could be providing a
huge benefit people think oh I did a
wonderful thing because I set aside this
piece of woods and I'm not going to ever
harvest anything from it if we don't
harvest it here where we can see it
where we can we have regulations to
control it and where it's close by so
we're not transporting it all over the
world
you're just shifting the impact of sub
sub point size you're not avoiding me of
that you may be avoiding the impact to
you you don't have to like if the
harvests that occurs but you're not
avoiding the impact you can increase the
carbon stocks in the forest over time
you can have ups and downs as you go
along but increase the carbon stocks in
the forests over time and increase the
rate of growth and
prout in the harvest of timber to
substitute for other materials there are
a lot of regulations that affect
forestry in maine they can get very
complicated depending on where you are
there's laws pertaining to boundary
lines to splash or brush along roadsides
public ways there's the water quality
laws there's Shore land zoning in towns
is also what's known as statewide
standards for timber harvesting in towns
those are the water quality buffers and
it's often advisable to get some help
from a resource that really understands
them like a consulting Forester or
getting advice in the Maine Forest
Service or an entity like that forestry
is complicated forests are complicated
getting the outcomes you want that are
going to make you happy can be
complicated to do and not every forest
is in the condition that you can push it
all the way to where it wants to be or
where you want it to be right now it's a
long it's a long term process
[Music]
a forester in addition to providing
on-the-ground management help can also
educate a landowners about - what's out
there preparing a management plan is
something that a landowner might think I
own this land but what do I do with it
where do I start it the whole thing is
kind of overwhelming and a forester can
help you set priorities for the work
that's done and generally make a plan
for a ten-year period and a Forester can
also do a timber inventory to help you
know what is on your land what are the
volumes and values of trees and also a
lot whole host of other things like what
are what wildlife species might be
living there what are some potential
insect and disease problems invasive
plants if there's anything like that
around that needs to be addressed on a
soil erosion or water quality concerns
Forester looks at all those things and
assesses them and makes recommendations
either for protection or changing things
or some other kind of stewardship
activity forest health can be defined in
different ways and it's really a matter
of finding a balance between ecological
health and what humans think of as a
healthy forest as well and managing for
both of those most landowners really do
have multiple objectives for their
property you can manage a forest for
timber and actually enhance wildlife
values and provide income then it's a
matter of finding what's the right
balance for each individual landowner
and each individual woodlot but if these
multiple objectives certainly aren't
exclusive
this is an area that has just recently
been harvested in the past few weeks and
you can see it's a selection harvest
there's a few painted trees that are
left around that he still needs to cut
but basically trying to thin out the
canopy to get a little bit more sunlight
on the ground to encourage regeneration
and to take out the low-quality trees
and leave the better trees with more
room to grow remember we have 20 species
in the Acadian forest and sure we can
let that come back next what nature
would have done right but nature was
starting with the full suite when we're
starting with these forests that have
been heavily exploited in the past or
they might just be old field for us on
your small landowners right a lot of
that's old field vegetation missing a
lot of the pieces I'm unapologetic about
the benefits of Management right that's
what silviculture is is to give us is to
help us have the kind of forest that we
want whether that be for just aesthetic
and hunting enjoyment while watching
wildlife or to make some money or
ideally do both at the same time we
talked about partial harvesting or
uneven aged or even aged management all
those things are very technical but once
you've gotten into the woods and you can
say okay I see what this looks like
I understand whether this is what I do
want or what I don't want so looking at
that outcomes in the forest is useful
for connecting folks to a better
understanding of forest management
[Music]
so I know where all the trees are
measurements are and I'm a growing fast
that's how you learn
the best way to learn is to ask
questions and try it yourself I love my
forest I love learning everything
doesn't matter what it is
[Music]
you
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