Flood control expert Dr. Guillermo Tabios III on Typhoon Carina | The Howie Severino Podcast
Summary
TLDRThe discussion centers on the aftermath of Typhoon Karina, highlighting the impact of climate change, poor waste management, and reclamation projects in Manila Bay. It emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to flood risk management, starting from the headwaters to the downstream areas. The conversation underscores the significance of controlling sedimentation from deforestation and the challenges posed by heavy rains in the Philippines. It also points out the lack of a dedicated body for flood risk management and the importance of adaptive planning and simulation models to address different flood scenarios.
Takeaways
- 🌀 Typhoon Karina has had a significant impact on many people, highlighting the need for better flood risk management.
- 🌍 Climate change, litter, and reclamation projects in Manila Bay are mentioned as contributing factors to the flooding issues.
- 🏞️ Deforestation and lack of reforestation are identified as problems that exacerbate the sedimentation in rivers, reducing their capacity to handle water.
- 🌲 The importance of controlling sediment from upstream sources, such as forests, is emphasized to maintain river depth and flow.
- 🚧 The script discusses the role of infrastructure like bridges in contributing to sedimentation and the subsequent reduction in river capacity.
- 🌧️ The challenges of managing heavy rains, especially in a humid tropical climate with potential rainfall of 400-500mm in a day, are highlighted.
- 🌊 The script mentions the need for a holistic approach to flood risk management, starting from the headwaters and moving downstream.
- 🛣️ The issue of debris from mountains and riverbanks contributing to river roughness and friction is discussed.
- 🏙️ The lack of a dedicated body in the Philippines for daily or regular flood risk management and planning is pointed out.
- 🔍 The necessity for running simulation models to understand the impact of different flood control measures in various sub-basins of Metro Manila is emphasized.
Q & A
What is the main topic of discussion in the transcript?
-The main topic of discussion is the impact of Typhoon Karina and various factors contributing to natural disasters in the Philippines, including climate change, reclamation projects, waste management, master planning, deforestation, and flood risk management.
What does the speaker attribute as the primary cause mentioned by the president after Typhoon Karina?
-The president attributed the disaster primarily to climate change.
What is the role of reclamation projects in Manila Bay according to the transcript?
-Reclamation projects in Manila Bay are mentioned as a significant factor contributing to environmental issues and are criticized by some people, including senators.
What is the importance of a holistic approach to flood risk management as mentioned in the transcript?
-A holistic approach to flood risk management involves considering the entire watershed, from the headwaters to the downstream areas, to effectively manage and control flood risks.
Why are sediments in rivers a concern in the context of flood control?
-Sediments in rivers reduce the capacity of the rivers to hold water, which can exacerbate flooding issues, especially during heavy rainfall events.
What is the role of forests in minimizing sediment runoff from watersheds?
-Forests help to minimize sediment runoff by holding the soil in place, reducing the amount of sediment that enters rivers and streams during rainfall.
What is an example of a structural measure mentioned in the transcript to control sedimentation?
-An example given is the construction of an overflow bridge in Loyola Grand Villa that helps manage water flow and sedimentation during floods.
What is the impact of sedimentation on the depth of rivers, as described in the transcript?
-Sedimentation can fill up the riverbed, reducing the depth of the river and its capacity to carry water, which can lead to more severe flooding.
What is the significance of debris from the mountains in the context of flood risk management?
-Debris from the mountains, such as logs or vegetation, can create friction and roughness in the river, affecting water flow and potentially contributing to flooding.
Why is it challenging to control the impact of heavy rainfall events like those experienced during Typhoon Karina?
-Heavy rainfall events can produce an overwhelming amount of water in a short period, making it difficult to manage and control the resulting floods, especially in areas with poor infrastructure and planning.
What is the speaker's observation regarding the lack of a dedicated body for flood risk management in the Philippines?
-The speaker notes the absence of a dedicated body that focuses on flood risk management or planning on an ongoing basis, which could help in better preparing for and mitigating the effects of floods.
How does the speaker suggest running simulations for flood risk management?
-The speaker suggests running simulation models for different scenarios, including structural and non-structural measures, to understand their potential impact and effectiveness in various areas.
What is the difference between the flood parameters used in the 2010 master plan and the actual rainfall experienced during Typhoon Karina?
-The 2010 master plan's flood parameters were based on a two-day rainfall event, whereas Typhoon Karina produced heavy rainfall over a longer period, demonstrating the need for updated flood risk assessments.
Outlines
🌪️ Typhoon Karina's Impact and Flood Management
This paragraph discusses the aftermath of Typhoon Karina and the various factors contributing to flooding in the region. It mentions the president's reference to climate change and waste as significant issues, while senators point to the reclamation project in Manila Bay as a major factor. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to flood risk management, starting from the headwaters and moving downstream. It highlights the role of sediment control, the impact of deforestation, and the need for effective flood planning and management. The discussion also touches on the challenges of managing sediment from watersheds and the effects of debris on river capacity, suggesting the need for a dedicated body to address flood risk management.
🌧️ Flood Simulation and Planning for Metro Manila
The second paragraph delves into the complexities of flood simulation and planning, particularly in Metro Manila's sub-basins like Marikina and Tulyahan. It stresses the need for academic research and the running of simulation models to predict the outcomes of different structural and non-structural measures. The discussion points out the differences in flood-generating mechanisms between typhoons and habagat, and how the current master plan, designed with parameters based on a 2-day rainfall, may not be sufficient for the region's unique weather patterns. The paragraph also contrasts the rainfall patterns of Typhoons Ondoy and Ulysis with those of Typhoons Habagat and Karina, highlighting the challenges in managing floods that can last for extended periods with varying intensities.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Typhoon Karina
💡Climate Change
💡Reclamation Projects
💡Deforestation and Reforestation
💡Sediment
💡Upland Watersheds
💡Flood Risk Management
💡Holistic Approach
💡Master Planning
💡Habagat
💡Simulation Models
Highlights
Typhoon Karina's impact on many people highlighted the importance of addressing climate change, waste management, and reclamation projects.
The need for a holistic approach to flood risk management was emphasized, starting from the headwaters and upland watersheds.
Sediment control is crucial for maintaining river capacity, and forests play a key role in minimizing sediment runoff.
The example of the overflow bridge in Loyola Grand Villa illustrates how sediment accumulation can reduce river depth and capacity.
Deforestation and lack of reforestation contribute to increased sedimentation in rivers.
The Philippines lacks a dedicated body for daily flood risk management or adaptive planning for flood control.
Academic research and simulation models are necessary to understand the impact of structural and non-structural measures on flood control.
Different sub-basins in Metro Manila require tailored flood management strategies.
The 2010 World Bank master plan for flood parameters was based on 2-day rainfall, which may not account for the intensity and duration of recent storms.
The habagat of August 2012 and Typhoon Karina demonstrated the challenges of managing multiple days of continuous rainfall.
The archipelagic nature of the Philippines presents unique challenges for flood management and sediment control.
Quarrying along river banks contributes to sedimentation and river capacity reduction.
Debris from mountains, such as logs and vegetation, creates roughness and friction in rivers, affecting flow.
The intensity of tropical rains, like those experienced during Typhoon Karina, is difficult to control and poses significant flood risks.
The need for a dedicated body to manage flood risks on an ongoing basis is emphasized, rather than sporadic studies.
The complexity of flood generation mechanisms, such as typhoons and habagat, requires a nuanced approach to flood management.
Transcripts
so doc No I just want to ask you
specifically about Typhoon karina kasi
Iyan ang recent experience ng maraming
tao at ah in the wake of that disaster
ang daming mga factors nga yung
nabanggit no ung pangulo mismo no
nabanggit niya climate change ang basura
ung ibang tao naman ah pati mga senador
no sinasabi ah malaking factor itong
reclamation project sa Manila Bay ah Ang
daming nagtuturuan pasaway kasi mga tao
nabanggit niyo rin yung yung basura and
then nabanggit niyo rin yung Uh Master
planning sabi ng iba eh Wala ngang
Master plan puro mga maliliit na
projects and of course there's the issue
of deforestation at kulang sa
reforestation how do this fit together
no ano yyung pinakamalaking ah factor
kasi given na yung low lying tayo no
given na yan hindi naman pwedeng i-
evacuate yung Metro Manila nyan na yan
So what's the best way of Uh adapting no
should we for example stop the
reclamation
projects reclamation was different story
but when you look at the flood control
definitely You have to start from the
headwaters sa upland watersheds all the
way down now that's what we always say
holistic approach to flood risk
management now
one of the things
that really reduces the capacity of the
rivers yung sediments So how do you
control
sed upstream ba meron ng mga control
maybe you have forest that will minimize
sediment Yel from the watersheds and
then gets into your River it Then
shallows the river imagine tyon that
area in Loyola grand Villa there was a
tone bridge doon and if you're aware of
that that crosses yung from Loyola grand
Villa gen Balara you go down there and
then you go across to San Mateo or or
Marikina non tuman that was an overflow
bridge So nakakadaan doon on top meron
kang concrete patos merong calbert sa
bottom and then pag mataas ang tubig
tatapon nandoon yung soh o hindi pwedeng
dumanon but during
on it it must have been filled up mga 2
to 3 meters of sediment over a period of
mga 7
hours so imaginin mo that area Syempre
na siya 2 to 3 me but think along the
river 2 to 3 met nawala iung depth na
ion So it will reduce that so much
capacity So that's one So that's why you
have to have controls excuse meuse
nanggaling yung sediment na nagbara ng
ilog Dahil ba na walang puno sa gubat ah
that's one because if you really a lot
of brain mahirap i-control Iyung
sediment na mager Ode from your
watersheds archipelagic countries ganoon
talaga ang problema whether you have
quarrying along the river banks and so
on but the the bulk of the sediment com
comes from the Iyung overland flow
Planes na watersheds mo
I mean not in the river but on the sides
you know So because you just have so
much
rain We are talking about humid tropic
rains which are like 400 500 mm in in
one day That's a lot of brain if you
think about it Anyway So you go down to
the downstream so na ng sediment
and nawala na yung capacity River mo Now
you also of some debris coming from the
mountains maybe mga logs or maybe some
of these Uh naed na mga vegetation they
will also contribute
to we call it a creates roughness of
friction B because you have this mga
roughness elements and so on so those
are things now if you think about those
kinds of rains na na-experience natin
onoy karina uis yung habagat or yung
Sudden onset ng mga TY na
storms it's just so much rain that we
are
experiencing so it's not quite easy to
control that as far so
yeah that's the problem you can do this
but one of the things that I've noticed
Philippines and That's where we don't
really have a dedicated body to Look at
this Uh flood risk management or flood
planning or adaptive planning for flood
control on a daily basis or when I say
daily is like Maybe you do a study
everyday but good for the next 3 months
or six months because a year ago ito na
ng nangyari and if you look at
Uh Metro Manila you have different sub
basins or where you have Marikina
tulyahan
nandoon sa sapte bacor and those areas
You have to as academic B You have to
run simulation models different
scenarios you change the LS What will
happen if you do this kind of a a
structural measure or non-structural
measures What happens Will it work Maybe
it works here But doesn't work another
place and then you think in terms of a a
flood na na Generating mechanism
typhoons are so much different from
habaga
in fact if you look at the master plan
na ginawa 2010 ah World Bank yung nagf
all the Uh design flood parameters we
call it based on a 2day rainfall based
on a one is to 50 one is 100 like one
shot over the next two days but we can
have
multiple picks in our flats our rain and
then it can even last for 5 days like
the habagat of 20
August that was 7 days ulan ng ulan
Mahina yung intensity pero over 7 days
you have more than what you got from
undoy or ulysis same thing with karina
you got in 3 days time you got more than
what
was what fell during onoy over almost 24
hours
455 24 hours kina about 600 over
3 days almost 65 hour
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