What Is Plasma | Properties of Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchool
Summary
TLDRThis lesson introduces plasma, the fourth state of matter, distinct from solid, liquid, and gas. It explains how substances transition from gas to plasma under extreme heat, where electrons are stripped from atoms, forming free electrons and positive ions. Plasma's unique ability to conduct electricity, unlike gases, is highlighted, with examples from natural phenomena like lightning and the northern lights, to man-made applications in fluorescent light bulbs and plasma screen TVs. The lesson also touches on how plasma's high-definition capabilities enhance visual displays.
Takeaways
- 🧊 The script introduces a fourth state of matter, plasma, beyond the commonly known solid, liquid, and gas states.
- 🔥 When ice is heated sufficiently, it melts into water, transitioning from a solid to a liquid state.
- 🔬 In a solid, particles are closely packed and fixed in position, giving the substance a definite shape and volume.
- 💧 In a liquid, particles are still in contact but can move past each other, maintaining a fixed volume but taking the shape of the container.
- 🌡 Heating water to 100 degrees Celsius causes it to evaporate into a gas, specifically water vapor.
- 🌫 In a gas, particles are far apart, filling the shape and volume of their container.
- 🔥🌌 To create plasma from a gas, extremely high temperatures are required to strip electrons from atoms, forming free electrons and positive ions.
- ⚡ Plasma is electrically conductive due to the presence of free electrons, distinguishing it from a non-conductive gas.
- 🌌🌩 Naturally occurring plasmas include phenomena like lightning, the Northern Lights, and stars, which are essentially hot balls of plasma.
- 💡 Plasma technology is used in fluorescent light bulbs and neon signs, where an electric current heats mercury vapor to create plasma.
- 📺 Plasma TVs utilize thousands of tiny pixels, each with three fluorescent light electrodes emitting red, green, and blue light, to display a wide range of colors.
Q & A
What are the three traditional states of matter?
-The three traditional states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
What is the fourth state of matter discussed in the script?
-The fourth state of matter discussed in the script is plasma.
What happens when ice is sufficiently heated?
-When ice is sufficiently heated, it melts to form water, undergoing a change of state from solid to liquid.
What are the characteristics of particles in a solid?
-In a solid, particles are closely packed in a fixed position, giving the substance a fixed shape and volume.
How do the particles in a liquid differ from those in a solid?
-In a liquid, particles are still touching one another but can move around each other, resulting in a fixed volume but the ability to take the shape of their container.
What is the change of state that occurs when water is heated to 100 degrees Celsius?
-When water is heated to 100 degrees Celsius, it evaporates from a liquid to a gas, specifically water vapor.
How do particles in a gas differ from those in a liquid?
-In a gas, particles are further away from one another and take the shape and volume of their container, unlike in a liquid where they are still in contact.
What is required for a substance to change from a gas to plasma?
-For a substance to change from a gas to plasma, very strong heat must be applied to strip electrons from their respective atoms, creating free electrons and positive ions.
Why is plasma considered electrically conductive?
-Plasma is considered electrically conductive because it contains free electrons, which allow it to conduct electricity, unlike regular gases.
What are some naturally occurring examples of plasma?
-Naturally occurring examples of plasma include lightning, the Northern Lights, and stars, which are hot balls of plasma.
How is plasma utilized in fluorescent light bulbs and plasma screen TVs?
-In fluorescent light bulbs, an electrical current passed through mercury vapor heats the gas enough to create plasma. Plasma screen TVs are made possible by the use of many tiny dots called pixels, each made of three fluorescent light electrodes emitting red, green, and blue light, which combine to produce any color.
How does the number of pixels in a plasma screen affect the image quality?
-The higher the number of pixels in a plasma screen, the higher the definition, resulting in sharper and more detailed images.
Outlines
🔥 Introduction to the Fourth State of Matter: Plasma
This paragraph introduces the concept of plasma as the fourth state of matter, beyond the traditional solid, liquid, and gas. It explains the process of state changes, such as ice melting into water and water evaporating into water vapor at 100 degrees Celsius. The key distinction between a gas and plasma is highlighted, with plasma being capable of conducting electricity due to the presence of free electrons and positive ions. The natural occurrence of plasma is mentioned, including phenomena like lightning, the Northern Lights, and stars, which are essentially hot balls of plasma. The paragraph also touches on the application of plasma in technology, specifically in fluorescent light bulbs and plasma screen TVs, where the creation of plasma is utilized to emit light in various colors.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡States of Matter
💡Plasma
💡Electrons
💡Ions
💡Conduction
💡Fluorescent Light Bulbs
💡Pixels
💡Evaporation
💡Melting
💡Shape and Volume
💡Thermal Energy
Highlights
Introduction to the fourth state of matter, plasma, in addition to the traditional three: solid, liquid, and gas.
Ice melts to form water when sufficiently heated, illustrating a change of state from solid to liquid.
Solid particles are closely packed and fixed, giving a solid its shape and volume.
Liquid particles are in contact but can move, allowing liquids to take the shape of their container while maintaining volume.
Water evaporates into water vapor when heated to 100 degrees Celsius, transitioning from liquid to gas.
Gas particles are further apart, defining the shape and volume of their container.
Plasma is formed when substances in gaseous form are subjected to very strong heat, causing electrons to be stripped from atoms.
Plasma consists of free electrons and positive ions, making it electrically neutral overall.
The presence of free electrons allows plasma to conduct electricity, distinguishing it from gases.
Natural occurrences of plasma include lightning, the northern lights, and stars.
Stars are essentially hot balls of plasma.
Plasma is utilized in fluorescent light bulbs and neon signs when an electrical current heats mercury vapor.
Plasma screen TVs are made possible by the properties of plasma, with pixels emitting red, green, and blue light.
The combination of red, green, and blue light from pixels allows for the display of any color on plasma screens.
Higher pixel counts in plasma screens result in higher definition and sharper, more detailed images.
Transcripts
you may have learned about the three
states of matter solid liquid and a gas
in a previous lesson
did you know that there is a fourth
state of matter plasma
in this lesson we will learn about
plasma let's start by thinking about ice
when ice is sufficiently heated it melts
to form water it has therefore undergone
a change of state from a solid to a
liquid
recall that in a solid
all of the particles are closely packed
in a fixed position and therefore has a
fixed shape and volume
the particles in a liquid are still
touching one another and are able to
move around each other
therefore a liquid still has a fixed
volume but it takes the shape of their
container
what is the change of state that occurs
when water is heated to 100 degrees
celsius
pause
think and continue when ready
the answer is
water evaporates from a liquid to a gas
in our case water vapor
the particles in a gas are further away
from one another and take the shape and
volume of their container
for certain substances if we continue to
apply heat to their gaseous form another
change of state could occur these
substances can go from a gas to a state
of matter called plasma
for this change of state to occur
very strong heat must be applied
when heat is sufficiently strong the
electrons are stripped from their
respective atoms creating free electrons
and positive ions
although they were both negative and
positive particles plasma is neutral
overall as there are equal amounts of
oppositely charged particles
since free electrons are present
substances in plasma form can conduct
electricity
this is what separates a gas from plasma
all gases cannot conduct electricity but
plasma can
naturally occurring plasma include
lightning and the northern lights if we
were to go
far beyond planet earth stars also exist
in plasma form in fact
stars are really just hot balls of
plasma
plasma can be found in fluorescent light
bulbs and neon signs
when an electrical current is passed
through the mercury vapor in fluorescent
light bulbs it heats up the gases
sufficiently to strip the electrons
and to create plasma
plasma screen tvs are made possible due
to this state of matter a plasma screen
is made of many thousands of tiny dots
called pixels which are made of three
fluorescent light electrodes emitting
the colors red green and blue the
combination of these colors can give any
possible color which is why we can see
all colors on these screens
the higher the number of pixels the
higher the definition and the images
will appear sharper and more detailed
you
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