The 1987: CONSTITUTION AFTER MARTIAL LAW.
Summary
TLDRThe video script delves into the history and significance of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, crafted under President Corazon Aquino after the Marcos dictatorship. It outlines the Constitution's structure, detailing the branches of government, their powers, and the roles of key commissions. The script also touches on various attempts at constitutional amendments and the concept of charter change, highlighting the complexities and challenges involved in modifying the foundational legal document of the Philippines.
Takeaways
- 📜 The constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a nation or state is governed.
- 🌟 Corazon Aquino, the first female president of the Philippines, played a pivotal role in the creation of the 1987 constitution after martial law.
- 🏛️ The 1987 Philippine Constitution aimed to limit presidential powers and re-establish a bicameral congress, moving away from the previous dictatorial structure.
- 📝 President Aquino's government had three options for the constitution: revert to the 1935 Constitution, retain the 1973 Constitution with reform powers, or create a new one.
- 📜 The new constitution was drafted to reflect the aspirations and ideas of the Filipino people, emphasizing democratic principles.
- 📆 In 1986, a Constitutional Convention was established, composed of 48 members appointed by President Aquino, to draft the new constitution.
- 🏢 The 1987 Constitution established the Philippines as a democratic republic, with a clear division of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
- 👩⚖️ The Supreme Court and lower courts hold the judicial power, tasked with settling legal disputes and controversies.
- 🛠️ Constitutional changes in the Philippines can be proposed through people's initiative, assembly, or constitutional convention.
- 🔄 Various attempts have been made to amend the 1987 Constitution, with varying degrees of success, reflecting the complexities and challenges of constitutional reform.
Q & A
What is the definition of a constitution according to the script?
-A constitution is defined as a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a nation is governed, implying that it is a set of rules guiding how a country, state, or political organization operates.
Who was Corazon Aquino and what was her role in the 1987 Constitution?
-Corazon Aquino, also known as Maria Corazon Cojuangco Aquino, was a Filipino politician who served as the 11th President of the Philippines and the first female president. She oversaw the drafting of the 1987 Constitution, which limited the powers of the presidency and re-established the bicameral congress.
What were the three options available to the Aquino government regarding the constitution after martial law?
-The Aquino government had three options: revert to the 1935 Constitution, retain the 1973 Constitution with the power to make reforms, or start a new constitution to break from the dictatorial past.
What was the transitional constitution proclaimed by President Aquino in March 1986?
-The transitional constitution, also known as the Freedom Constitution, was proclaimed by President Aquino in March 1986 to last for a year, during which a constitutional commission drafted the permanent constitution.
What were the main functions of the 1986 Constitutional Convention?
-The 1986 Constitutional Convention was created to draft a new constitution that would restore democratic principles and prevent the return of a dictatorial government. It was composed of 48 members with diverse backgrounds and representations.
What is the significance of the preamble in the 1987 Philippine Constitution?
-The preamble in the 1987 Constitution establishes the Philippines as a democratic republic state where sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.
How is the executive power distributed according to the 1987 Constitution?
-The executive power is vested in the President of the Philippines, who is the head of state and government, and functions as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The President also has control over various offices and bureaus.
What are the three commissions established by the 1987 Constitution?
-The three commissions are the Civil Service Commission (CSC), the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), and the Commission on Audit. They are responsible for government personnel, elections, and government financial audits, respectively.
What is the role of the Office of the Ombudsman in the executive branch?
-The Office of the Ombudsman is in charge of promoting ethical and lawful conduct in government, investigating complaints related to corruption and unlawful behavior of public officials.
What are the methods for proposing amendments to the 1987 Constitution?
-Amendments to the 1987 Constitution can be proposed by one of three methods: people's initiative, constitutional assembly, and constitutional convention.
What was the significance of Proclamation No. 58 issued by President Aquino?
-Proclamation No. 58 announced the official canvassing of the results and the ratification of the draft constitution, marking the full force of the 1987 Constitution.
Outlines
📜 Introduction to the Philippine Constitution
The script introduces the concept of a constitution as a set of fundamental principles guiding a nation's governance. It highlights the 1987 Philippine Constitution, drafted under President Corazon Aquino, who was the first female president of the Philippines. The constitution was created to replace the previous dictatorial regime and was designed to reflect the aspirations of the Filipino people. It established a democratic republic with a bicameral congress and limited presidential powers, marking a significant shift from the 1973 constitution.
🏛️ The Structure of the Philippine Government
This paragraph delves into the structure of the Philippine government as outlined in the 1987 Constitution. It details the separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The executive power is vested in the President, who is both the head of state and government. The legislative power is exercised by the Senate and the House of Representatives, while the judicial power is held by the Supreme Court and lower courts. The paragraph also mentions the three constitutional commissions responsible for civil service, elections, and audit, as well as the Office of the Ombudsman, which promotes ethical conduct in government.
📜 Constitutional Reforms in the Philippines
The script discusses the history of constitutional changes in the Philippines, noting that there have been six constitutions since the country's independence. It focuses on the 1987 Constitution and the various attempts to amend it, including the People's Initiative and the Constitutional Convention. It mentions several failed attempts to change the constitution, such as those by President Estrada and President Arroyo, and touches on President Duterte's advocacy for federalism, which led to the creation of a consultative committee to review the 1987 Constitution.
🎶 Music and Foreign Elements
This paragraph seems to be a placeholder or an error in the script, as it contains only musical notes and the word 'foreign,' followed by more musical notes. There is no substantial content to summarize in this section of the script.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Constitution
💡Cory Aquino
💡Bicameral Congress
💡Dictatorial Government
💡Constitutional Convention
💡Executive Power
💡Judicial Power
💡Ombudsman
💡Constitutional Reform
💡Federalism
Highlights
Introduction of the concept of a constitution as a set of fundamental principles guiding a political organization.
Corazon Aquino's role as the 11th President of the Philippines and her involvement in drafting the 1987 Constitution.
The 1987 Constitution's establishment of a democratic republican state with sovereignty residing in the people.
Limitation of presidential powers and re-establishment of bicameral congress in the 1987 Constitution.
Three options considered by the Aquino government for the constitution: reverting to the 1935 Constitution, retaining the 1973 Constitution, or starting anew.
Creation of a Constitutional Convention in 1986 to draft the new Constitution, reflecting the aspirations of the Filipino people.
The transitional 'Freedom Constitution' of 1986, which maintained many provisions of the old Constitution.
The executive power vested in the President of the Philippines as per the 1987 Constitution.
Appointment powers of the President, including cabinet secretaries and other key government officials.
The legislative power distribution among Senators and House Representatives in the Philippine government.
The judiciary's role in settling actual controversies and its composition in the Philippine court system.
The division of the Constitution into three commissions: Civil Service Commission, Commission on Elections, and Commission on Audit.
The Office of the Ombudsman's role in promoting ethical and lawful conduct of government officials.
Historical overview of the six constitutions in the Philippines since the proclamation of independence.
The process of constitutional reform in the Philippines, including the methods of proposing amendments.
Failed attempts to amend the 1987 Constitution in 1995 and 1997 due to various challenges and controversies.
President Duterte's advocacy for federalism and the creation of a consultative committee to review the 1987 Constitution.
Overview of the different attempts at charter change and their outcomes across various Philippine administrations.
Transcripts
[Music]
hello everyone my name is jefferson
lloyd a de la cruz
first year
bs and criminology
hello everyone my name is de la pena
first year bsn
criminology college from bs in
criminology
hey you
do you know what is a constitution is
the constitution is defined as a set of
fundamental principle or established
presentence according to which a
governed thus the word itself means to
be part of a wool the coming together of
distinct entities into one group with
the same principles and ideas so a
constitution is a set of rules that
guide how a country state or other
political organization works the 1987
constitution after martial law but first
let's find out who corazon aquino is in
what part she played in
1987 constitution after martial
corazon aquino
well known as
maria horizon corey sumulunko
aquino was a filipina politician who
served as the 11th president of the
philippines from february 25 1986
to june 30 1982
a six years of service
she was the first female president of
the philippines
aquino
oversaw the drafting of the 1987
constitution which limited the powers of
the presidency and re-establish the
bicameral congress
successfully removing the previous
dictatorial government structure
the president carlson aquino government
had three options regarding the
constitution
first reverted to the 1935 constitution
or by the ebal 1935 the constitution
which is the commonwealth constitution
second retain the 1973 constitution and
be granted to the power to make reforms
so he added 1973 constitution
presidential marcos tapos
last start a new and break from the
vestiges of the disgraced dictatorial
ship
dictatoria so what did grasson latino
government choose
so they decided to make a new
constitution that according to the
president herself should be truly
reflected to the aspirations and ideas
of the filipino people so amping in
in march 1986 president aquino
proclaimed the transitional constitution
to last for a year where a conventional
commission drafted the permanent
constitution so on march 1986 negligence
the transitional constitution called the
freedom constitution maintain many
provisions of the old one including the
rewriting for the presidential right
rights to rule by the decree so
maramidin
so in 1986 a constitutional convention
was created composed of 48 members
appointed by the president aquino from
the varied backgrounds and
representations the
the convention draw of the permanent
constitution largely restoring the setup
abolished by marcos in 1972 but with the
new ways to keep the prevention in check
and reaction to the experience of marcus
ruth so nervous
1970
president
because it will lead to another
dictatorial ship
on february 2 1987 the new constitution
was officially adapted the constitution
begins with the pre-humble eighth and
self-contained article it established
the philippines as the democratic
republican state where sovereignty
resided in the people in all government
authority emanates from them it
allocates government powers among the
executive legislative and judicial
branches of the government
the executive branch
according to the article 7 section 1 of
the constitution states that
the executive power shall be vested to
the president of the philippines this
means that the president is the head of
the state and head of the government and
functions as the commander-in-chief of
the armed forces of the philippines
he she controls over all the offices and
bureaus
like the president the vice president
the cabinet the local government senate
president
speaker of the house
representatives and many more
and the appointment of cabinet
secretaries to executive department
according to the article 9 section 16
the president may appoint anyone
first is the executive secretary
agrarian reform
second is the executive secretary
agricultural energy or they are called
the
alter egg alter ego of the president and
the respect respective department
in the local governments we have
legislative power under under that we
have
senators
24 senators elected by a large popular
vote
and house representatives composed of
the district
all all over the philippines
in the philippine court system
judiciary and under under to the
judiciary supreme courts and lower
courts
in supreme courts there are 15 members
in court
in charge in overseeing functioning
and
administration
of the lower courts
the constitution
is divided into three commissions
first is the civil service commission or
the csc
the second one is the commission on
election or the comelec the third
is
commission on
audit the first one is the civil service
commission a central agency in charge
in charge of a government personnels
the second one is the commission of
election commission on elections or the
community they are the ones to
enforce and administers all elections
laws and regulations
the third one is the commission on audit
they are they examines all funds
transactions
and
property accounts of the government
but in
the executive branch is
the office of ombudsman in charge the
office of
ombudsman is in charge to promote the
the
ethical
ethical and lawful conduct of government
they investigate complaints pertain to
corruption unlawful behavior of public
officials and other misconflict
hello once again so i'm gonna continue
the discussion
the philippine court system is beasted
with the power of the judiciary
so the judicial power rests with the
supreme court in the lower courts
its duty to settle
the actual controversies
involving rights which are legally
demandable and enforceable so it is
disagreements between two sides
the next is the constitutional changes
so in the philippines
we had a total of six constitutions
since the proclamation of the
independence day on june 12 1818
so
we're gonna follow us
on the constitution that
created by the
first and
by the first
woman
president
korean democracy was restored in 1986
president corazon
c aquino
issued proclamation number three
suspending certain provision of the 1973
constitution and pro
promulgating
in its stead
a transit story constitution
a month later president aquino issued
proclamation number 9
1986
which created a constitution
constitutional constitutional commission
task for the writing a new charter third
place
the 1973.
the commission finished its work at 12
28 a.m
of the october 16 1986.
so
in february 11 1987 by virtue of
proclamation number 58 president aquino
announced the official canvassing of
the result and the ratific ratification
of the draft constitution
the 1987 constitution finally came into
full force in fact that's the same day
with the president
other civilians officials and the
members of the armed forces
swearing
allegiance to the new charter
so this constitutional reform in the
philippines also known as the chatter
change
refers to the political and legal
constitution
legal processes needed to amend the
current 1987
processes
97 constitution
so under the common interpretation of
the constitution amendments can be
proposed by one of the three
methods first the people's
initiative
second
assembly and the third is the
constitutional convention
attempts to amend or change the 1987
constitution in 1995
it was drafted by jose almonte the
secretary of national security council
and it was exposed to media and it never
prospered
prospered or not successful
in 1997
where group of people gathered different
signatures from voters to the chains to
change the constitution they are called
perma pi
perma it is through
people's initiative to change the
constitution
however
in supreme court judging initiated by
senator miriam defensor santiago brought
up the issue to court and won
she strongly believed that people's
initiative cannot push through without
enabling the law
next is
president joseph jersito estrada
he formed a study commission to
investigate charter change that focuses
on the economic and judiciary provisions
of the constitution
but it was blocked by different entities
and not successfully implemented
the next attempt happened after the
replacement of president estrada
through people power and succeeded by
vice president
gloria mahapagal arroyo where house
speaker jose de vinicia
endorsed to amend a constituent assembly
that entails two-thirds of vote of the
house to propose
revisions to the constituent
but still
it was not successful since the term of
president arroyo was mired in
controversy and scandal
in the administration of president
binigno aquino there is no mark or
interest
in charter change
except those emanate from different
members of congress
house speaker
phyllis um
feliciano belmonte
attempted to introduce amendments
that concerns economic provisions that
aim for
liber liberalization
in the time of president duterte
he is known to advocate federalism
this made of government combining a
central
or equal federal government with
regional governments
and
in
political system
this advocate
is in part
as influence
from his background being a vocal leader
in mindanao
december 7
2016
he signed
an executive order
creating
a consultative
committee to review the 1987
constitution
the time
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is
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foreign
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you
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