Kolonialisme Inggris di Indonesia 1811-1816 [Thomas Stamford Raffles]
Summary
TLDRThe script recounts the British colonial era in Indonesia, beginning with the appointment of Thomas Stamford Raffles by Lord Minto on September 18, 1811. Raffles implemented reforms including the abolition of forced labor and the introduction of land rent, aiming to strengthen British rule and develop the economy. He also sought good relations with local princes and divided Java into 16 residencies. Despite these measures, the 1814 London Convention required Britain to return its colonial territories to the Dutch, leading to the end of Raffles' administration in 1816.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ On September 18, 1811, British rule in Indonesia officially began with Lord Minto appointing Thomas Stamford Raffles as the new ruler until 1816.
- 📜 The Treaty of Batavia was signed on September 18, 1811, which included the surrender of Java and its territories to the British, with Dutch troops becoming prisoners of the British.
- 👥 Raffles implemented three principles in governance: the abolition of forced labor and compulsory delivery, the inclusion of local bupati (regents) in the colonial government, and the recognition of land as a government asset with the people as tenants.
- 🌾 Raffles divided the island of Java into 16 residencies and aimed to build good relations with local princes and rulers who were against the Dutch.
- 💼 The bupati were made government officials with salaries instead of owning land and its produce, which was a significant shift in the economic policy.
- 💼 Raffles introduced an economic system based on land rent or land tax, laying the foundation for a monetary economy and abolishing monopolies.
- 🌾 Farmers were given the freedom to plant crops that had a higher market demand, such as coffee, sugar, and indigo.
- 🏦 Raffles established a tax system where taxes were paid in money, but if necessary, could also be paid in kind, such as rice.
- 🏡 Villages were made the unit of administration to make them more open and conducive to development.
- 📊 The tax system was adjusted to the type and production of the land, with the aim of collecting taxes in money, but allowing for flexibility.
- 🔚 In 1816, Raffles ended his rule in the East Indies, and following the London Convention of 1814, the British returned the colonial territories to the Dutch.
Q & A
On what date did Lord Minto officially appoint Stamford Raffles as the new ruler of Java?
-Lord Minto officially appointed Stamford Raffles as the new ruler of Java on September 18, 1811.
Who replaced Stamford Raffles' position in May 1811 before his official appointment?
-Willem Janssens replaced Stamford Raffles' position in May 1811 before his official appointment.
What significant event took place near Salatiga on September 18, 1811?
-On September 18, 1811, Willem Janssens surrendered to the British near Salatiga, leading to the signing of the Treaty of Batavia.
What was the content of the Treaty of Batavia signed in 1811?
-The Treaty of Batavia in 1811 contained the terms under which the island of Java and its territories, which should have been under Dutch control, were handed over to the British.
What were the three principles that Raffles adhered to during his administration in Indonesia?
-Raffles adhered to three principles: 1) The abolition of all forms of forced labor, 2) The role of bupati (district chiefs) as tax collectors was abolished and they were integrated into the colonial government, and 3) Government-owned land was considered an integral part of the colonial administration.
How did Raffles' policies affect the bupati and their role in the government?
-Raffles' policies transformed the bupati from tax collectors to government officials with salaries, eliminating their ownership of land and its produce.
What economic system did Raffles implement in Java?
-Raffles implemented a land rent system, also known as land revenue, which laid the foundation for the development of a cash-based economy.
What were the key components of Raffles' economic policies?
-The key components of Raffles' economic policies included the implementation of a land rent system, the abolition of taxes and forced deliveries, the abolition of forced labor and slavery, and the abolition of monopolies.
How did Raffles' policies impact the agricultural practices of the Javanese people?
-Raffles' policies gave farmers the freedom to plant crops that were more marketable, such as coffee, sugar, and indigo.
What administrative changes did Raffles make to the structure of Java's governance?
-Raffles divided the island of Java into 16 residencies and placed villages as administrative units to make them more open and conducive to development.
What was the outcome of the London Convention of 1814 concerning British territories in India?
-The London Convention of 1814 stipulated that the British must return their colonial territories in India to the Dutch, leading to the Dutch regaining control of the Indonesian archipelago in 1816.
Who is the speaker providing the historical account in the transcript?
-The speaker providing the historical account in the transcript is Gun Gun Misbah Gunawan.
Outlines
🏛️ Establishment of British Rule in Indonesia
In September 1811, the British officially began their rule in Indonesia with Lord Minto, the Governor-General, appointing Thomas Stamford Raffles as the new ruler until 1816. The Dutch control was surrendered to the British near Salatiga, and the agreement known as the 'Tuntang Treaty of 1811' was signed, which included the island of Java and its surrounding areas. The Dutch troops became British prisoners, and Dutch officials were allowed to serve in the British administration. Raffles established his administration center in Batavia and took steps to strengthen the British position in the colony.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Lord Minto
💡Thomas Stamford Raffles
💡Colonialism
💡Pangeran
💡Bupati
💡Land Rent
💡Monopoly
💡Perkenalan
💡Pajak Tanah
💡Desa
💡Konvensi London
Highlights
On September 18, 1811, Lord Minto officially appointed Thomas Stamford Raffles as the new ruler of British India until 1816.
In May 1811, Willem Janssens was replaced by Raffles, who then surrendered to the British near Salatiga.
The Treaty of Batavia was signed in 1811, which included the island of Java and areas that should have been Dutch-controlled but were handed over to the British.
Under Raffles' administration, all Dutch soldiers became British prisoners.
Three Dutch individuals were allowed to work in the British administration.
Raffles established his administration center in Batavia and took steps to strengthen the British position in the colony.
Raffles adhered to three principles in his governance: the abolition of forced labor, the inclusion of local rulers in the colonial government, and the recognition of land ownership by the government.
Raffles divided the island of Java into 16 residencies and adopted a strategy of building good relations with local princes and rulers who were against the Dutch.
Local rulers were made government officials, receiving salaries instead of owning land with all its proceeds.
Raffles implemented an economic policy that included the introduction of a land rent system, the abolition of taxes and forced deliveries, and the abolition of forced labor and slavery.
Raffles abolished monopolies and established the village as an administrative unit to make it more open for development.
Farmers were given the freedom to plant crops that were in demand in the world market, such as coffee, sugar, and indigo.
Raffles' policies included the collection of land rent taxes, adjusted according to the type and production of the land.
The taxes paid by the people were expected to be in money, but if necessary, could also be paid with other goods such as rice.
In 1814, the London Convention took place, which stipulated that the British must return the colonial territories in India to the Dutch.
In 1816, the Nusantara Islands were returned to Dutch control.
The speaker, Gun Gun Misbah Gunawan, hopes that the information provided will be beneficial.
Transcripts
di samping ada tanggal 18 September 1811
adalah tanggal dimulainya kekuasaan
Inggris di Hindia Gubernur Jenderal Lord
Minto secara resmi mengangkat Thomas
Stamford Raffles sebagai penguasa baru
sampai dengan tahun 1816 perkembangan
kolonialisme Inggris di Indonesia Thomas
Stamford Raffles awal pemerintahan
Thomas Stamford Raffles pada bulan Mei
1811 kedudukan dan buzz digantikan oleh
Willem janssens pada tanggal 18
September 1811 jansens menyerah kepada
Inggris di dekat Salatiga lalu
ditandatangani perjanjian yang disebut
tapi tulasi Tuntang tahun 1811 yang
berisi satu pulau Jawa dan daerah
Kita harusnya yang dikuasai Belanda
diserahkan kepada Inggris dua semua
tentara Belanda menjadi tawanan Inggris
3 orang-orang Belanda dapat dipekerjakan
dalam pemerintahan Inggris Gubernur
Jenderal Lord Minto pada tanggal 18
September 1811 secara resmi mengangkat
Raffles dengan pusat pemerintahan
Inggris berkedudukan di Batavia Raffles
mulai melakukan langkah-langkah untuk
memperkuat kedudukan Inggris di tanah
jajahan dalam rangka menjalankan
pemerintahannya Raffles berpegang pada
tiga prinsip satu segala bentuk kerja
rodi dan penyerahan wajib dihapus
diganti penanaman Bebas oleh rakyat dua
peranan para bupati sebagai pemungut
pajak dihapuskan dan para bupati
dimasukkan sebagai bagian pemerintah
kolonial tiga tanah milik pemerintah
maka rakyat penggarap Dianggap
senyawa kebijakan Raffles dalam bidang
pemerintahan Raffles didampingi oleh
para penasehat jam terdiri atas
gillespie mutinghe dan present Dua pulau
Jawa dibagi menjadi 16 karesidenan tiga
Raffles mengambil strategi membina
hubungan baik dengan para pangeran dan
penguasa yang sekiranya membenci Belanda
4 para bupati dijadikan pegawai
pemerintah sehingga mereka mendapat gaji
dan bukan lagi memiliki tanah dengan
segala hasilnya kebijakan Raffles dalam
bidang ekonomi Satu pelaksanaan sistem
sewa tanah atau pajak tanah yang
kemudian Meletakkan dasar bagi
perkembangan sistem perekonomian uang
dua penghapusan pajak dan penyerahan
wajib hasil bumi 3 penghapusan kerja
rodi dan perbudakan 4 penghapusan sistem
monopoli 5
ada saat sebagai unit administrasi
penjajahan Kebijakan sistem sewa tanah
atau landrent kebijakan lantai yang
dicanangkan Raffles tidak terlepas dari
pandangannya mengenai tanah sebagai
faktor produksi menurut Raffles
pemerintah adalah satu-satunya pemilik
tanah Dengan demikian penduduk Jawa
menjadi penyewa dengan membayar pajak
sewa tanah dari tanah yang dikelolanya
kebijakan London satu pajak dipungut
perorangan jumlah pemungutannya
disesuaikan dengan jenis dan produksi
tanah dua pajak yang dibayarkan penduduk
diharapkan berupa uang tetapi kalau
terpaksa tidak berupa uang dapat juga
dibayar dengan barang lain misalnya
Beras 3 ditempatkannya desa sebagai unit
administrasi pelaksana pemerintah
dimaksudkan agar Desa menjadi lebih
terbuka sehingga bisa berkembang 4
memberikan kebebasan bagi para petani
untuk menanam tanaman yang sekiranya
lebih laku di pasar dunia seperti kopi
tebu dan nila akhir pemerintahan Thomas
Stamford Raffles tahun 1816 Raffles
mengakhiri pemerintahannya di Hindia
pada tahun 1814 diadakan Konvensi London
Salah satu isi Konvensi London adalah
Inggris harus mengembalikan tanah
jajahan di India kepada Belanda dengan
demikian pada tahun 1816 kepulauan
nusantara kembali dikuasai oleh Belanda
saya Gun Gun Misbah Gunawan
mudah-mudahan ada manfaatnya lho
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