SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY | Lesson 1: Historical Development of S&T in the World
Summary
TLDRThis educational video explores the historical development of science and technology, highlighting the socio-economic impact of scientific advancements. It traces the evolution from early human artifacts to ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian records, through the contributions of philosophers like Archimedes and the intellectual stagnation of the early Middle Ages. The script emphasizes the importance of empirical methods and the role of thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, Albertus Magnus, and Roger Bacon in shaping scientific thought.
Takeaways
- 🌟 Science and technology are integral to modernity and are crucial for the rapid development and socio-economic progress of a country.
- 🔍 The earliest forms of science and technology can be traced back to prehistoric times, with the use of roughly shaped stones for chopping and scraping, primarily found in eastern Africa.
- 📚 Some of the earliest records of science came from Mesopotamian cultures around 400 BCE, including observations on chemical substances and astronomy.
- 🏛 In ancient Egypt, around 300-400 BCE, there were treatments for wounds and diseases, and mathematical calculations were used in geometry and trigonometry.
- 🤓 From 300-400 BCE, philosophers like Euclid, known as the 'father of geometry,' and Archimedes, the founder of engineering mechanics, made significant contributions to science.
- 📏 Archimedes calculated the value of pi (approximately 3.14159) and invented the water pump, pulley system, iron cloth, and odometer.
- 🛡️ The early Middle Ages, post the fall of the Western Roman Empire, saw a concentration of intellectual, scientific, and technological activities mainly within the Christian faith.
- 🌿 Medicine and botanical knowledge were discovered and used for church duties to help and tend to the sick during the Middle Ages.
- 📖 There were challenges during the Middle Ages, such as limited access to scientific literature written in Greek due to language barriers.
- 📚 The language of the period transitioned from Latin to the prevalence of Latin in Western Christianity, with few books containing scientific subject matter.
- 🧠 Key thinkers of the early Middle Ages included Plato, Aristotle, Albertus Magnus, and Roger Bacon, who emphasized the importance of natural causes and empirical methods in understanding the world.
Q & A
What is the significance of the historical development of science and technology in the world?
-The historical development of science and technology is significant as it determines the socio-economic progress of a country and is considered essential for rapid development.
What were the earliest forms of science and technology found during prehistoric times?
-The earliest forms of science and technology were human artifacts, roughly shaped stones used for chopping and scraping, found primarily in eastern Africa around 2.3 million years ago.
Which cultures provided some of the earliest records of science?
-Mesopotamian cultures around 400 BCE provided some of the earliest records of science, including the treatment of wounds and diseases, and astronomical observations.
Who is known as the father of geometry?
-Yusuf, also known as Euclid, is known as the father of geometry.
What is the value of pi that Archimedes calculated and how is it still relevant today?
-Archimedes calculated the value of pi to be approximately 3.14159, which is still used today in various mathematical and scientific applications.
What inventions are attributed to Archimedes?
-Archimedes invented the water pump, the pulley system, the iron cloth, and the odometer.
What challenges did medieval intellectuals face in their pursuit of scientific knowledge?
-Medieval intellectuals faced challenges such as lack of time for scientific occupations and limited access to scientific literature written in Greek.
What language was prevalent in the early and middle periods of scientific literature?
-Latin was the language used during the early and middle periods, but few books contained scientific subject matter.
Who are some of the philosophers or intellectual thinkers mentioned in the early middle period?
-Plato, Aristotle, Albertos Magnus, and Roger Bacon are some of the philosophers or intellectual thinkers mentioned in the early middle period.
What was the belief of Roger Bacon regarding the basis of science?
-Roger Bacon believed that science must be based on empirical methods.
How did the fall of the Western Roman Empire impact the concentration of intellectual, scientific, and technological activities?
-After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, intellectual, scientific, and technological activities were concentrated mainly in the Christian faith.
Outlines
🔬 Historical Development of Science and Technology
This paragraph introduces the lesson's focus on the historical development of science and technology. It outlines the learning objectives, which include discussing the role of science and technology in modernity, identifying their historical evolution, tracing eras of discovery, and appreciating the contributions of intellectual thinkers. The script mentions the importance of understanding the socio-economic impact of science and technology, starting from the earliest human artifacts found in Eastern Africa around 2.3 million years ago. It highlights early records of science from Mesopotamian cultures and the Nile Valley of Egypt, including treatments of wounds, diseases, and mathematical calculations. The paragraph also acknowledges the contributions of figures like Yusuf, known as the father of geometry, and Archimedes, who made significant advancements in engineering and calculated the value of pi, among other inventions.
📚 Intellectual Thinkers and the Middle Ages
The second paragraph delves into the intellectual and scientific developments during the early Middle Ages, following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It discusses the concentration of scientific and technological activities within the Christian faith, with a focus on medicine and botanical knowledge. The paragraph introduces several influential thinkers of the time, including Plato and Aristotle, who provided clues for understanding the natural world within a Christian context. It also mentions Albertus Magnus, known as Albert the Great, who believed in natural causes for natural phenomena. The paragraph highlights Roger Bacon, known as Dr. Mirabilis, an English Franciscan philosopher who advocated for empirical methods in science. The paragraph also touches on the challenges faced by medieval intellectuals, such as the lack of time for scientific pursuits and limited access to scientific literature written in Greek.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Science and Technology
💡Historical Development
💡Prehistoric Artifacts
💡Mesopotamian Cultures
💡Egyptian Medicine
💡Geometry
💡Archimedes
💡Middle Ages
💡Islamic Golden Age
💡Empirical Methods
💡Socio-economic Progress
Highlights
Science and technology are essential for modernity and rapid development, with their state determining a country's socio-economic progress.
The earliest human artifacts date back to 2.3 million years ago, primarily found in Eastern Africa, and include roughly shaped stones for chopping and scraping.
Early records of science from Mesopotamian cultures around 400 BCE include symptoms, chemical substances, and astronomical observations.
In the Nile Valley of Egypt, records of wound and disease treatments and mathematical calculations in geometry and trigonometry were found.
Yusuf is recognized as the father of geometry, and Archimedes as the founder of engineering mechanics and the calculator of pi's value.
Archimedes invented the water pump, pulley system, iron cloth, and odometer, contributing significantly to ancient technology.
During the early Middle Ages, tools, machines, and techniques were utilized without a full understanding of their physical and chemical composition.
The early Middle Ages began after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD and marked the rise of Charlemagne and Islamic influence.
Intellectual, scientific, and technological activities were concentrated in Christian faith, with medicine and botanical knowledge being discovered for church duties.
Medieval intellectuals were occupied with clerical duties, limiting their time for scientific pursuits and access to Greek scientific literature.
Latin was the language of the early Middle Ages, but its scientific literature was limited, with few books containing scientific subject matter.
Plato's works provided clues for the natural world view in Christianity, emphasizing goodness as a measure to identify God's benevolence.
Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, contributed significantly to human knowledge with his book 'Physics', focusing on natural creation.
Albertus Magnus, known as Albert the Great, was a universal thinker of the Middle Ages, advocating natural causes for natural phenomena.
Roger Bacon, known as Dr. Mirabilis, was an English Franciscan philosopher who believed in empirical methods as the basis for science.
The historical development of science and technology is marked by the evolution of understanding and application of natural laws and empirical methods.
Transcripts
[Music]
good day everyone welcome back to our
core subject the science technology and
society for today's discussion is the
continuation of our lesson one which is
the science and technology throughout
the history and now we will discuss the
topic historical development of science
and technology in the world but before
that we have here our learning
objectives at the end of the lesson
students are able to discuss the science
and technology in the world identify the
historical evolution of science and
technology and trace the various era of
discoveries and
appreciate the intellectual thinkers and
the invention of science and technology
has shown in this lesson we're going to
tackle the historical development of
science and technology in the world so
science and technology is associated in
all means of modernity and is considered
as an essential for rapid development
the state of science and technology
determines the socio-economic progress
of a country in the ancient time the
earliest form of science and technology
were human artifacts found during
prehistoric time about 2.3 million years
ago they were roughly
shaped stones used for chopping and
scraping that are found primarily in
eastern africa some of the earliest
records of science came from
mesopotamian cultures around 400 or 400
before christ some of the earliest
records such as the deceased symptoms
chemical substances and astronomical
observations were some of the evidence
of emerging signs during the same period
in the nile valley of egypt information
of the treatment of wounds and diseases
were found mathematical calculations are
used in geometry and trigonometry such
as angles
rectangles triangles and the volume
portion of a pyramid that have been
found around for thousands of years from
300 bc to 400 bc there was a rise in the
number of philosophers oral topics on
psychology
biology and host of other topics one of
this was yusuf who was known to be the
father of geometry we also have
archimedes who is the founder of
engineering mechanics and calculated the
value of pi which is the value of pi is
3.14 15 92 and so on which is still used
up to this day archimedes also invented
the water pump
the pulley system the iron cloth and the
odometer however
people during this period have developed
and utilized tools machines and
techniques without fully understanding
or knowing how or why they worked in
physical and chemical composition during
the early middle period this period
began after the fall of western roman
empire in 476 a.d or
476 anu domini on the 7th century it was
the time of the coming of islam and on
the 8th century it was the rise of
charlemagne this time also was the
intellectual scientific and
technological activities were
concentrated mainly in christian faith
at this period medicine and botanical
knowledge was discovered and it was used
for the church duty to help and tend the
sick there were also scientific issues
that happened in this period first
reason
was the medieval intellectuals had no
time for occupation like in science the
second one is that clerics and
intellectual thinkers do not have access
to the vast amount of scientific
literature written in greek let us jump
to the language being used at this
period first is brick which is written
in before and during roman empire it was
also the language the middle period but
was lost consequently after that was the
latte it prevailed in western
christianity but few books are contained
scientific subject matter
these are the philosophers or
intellectual thinkers in the early
middle period first is plato his works
provide suitable clues for the view of
natural world in christianity consider
that there must be a measure of goodness
in order to identify god as benevolent
and maintain their be standard of
goodness the independent of god next is
aristotle
384-322 before christ he is a greek
philosopher and a polymath
with his book physics it made
significant and lasting contribution to
human knowledge he thinks the creation
of the world is based on nature only
next one is albertos magnus from 1200 to
1000
he is known as albert the great and was
one of the most universal thinkers to
appear during the middle ages
he also believes in natural ways as the
result of natural causes
and also we have roger bacon from 1214
to 1294
bacon was known as dr mirabilis which is
in latin means wonderful teacher and he
is also an english franciscan
philosopher bacon also thought that
science
must be based in empirical methods
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