TOPCIT Software | 02. Software Engineering
Summary
TLDRThe video discusses the importance of software competitiveness, contrasting Apple and Samsung's 2012 financials to highlight Apple's advantage due to its software ecosystem. It emphasizes the growing role of software in business success, the challenges faced by software development teams, and the need for improved software quality and processes. The video explores various software development models, including waterfall, incremental, evolutionary, and spiral, and stresses the importance of adopting effective software engineering practices to meet the demands of an evolving market.
Takeaways
- 📊 Apple's financial performance in 2012 showed a significant lead over Samsung in terms of revenue and operating profit, highlighting the importance of software competitiveness in business success.
- 🌐 Apple's strategy of building a content ecosystem with various software applications contributed to its competitive advantage, overcoming the limitation of focusing only on hardware devices.
- 📈 The size and complexity of software are predicted to increase exponentially, necessitating improvements in software quality, including correctness and reliability.
- 🔍 The social and economic impact of software defects is often overlooked, and there is a need to reduce the damage caused by software faults and to improve IT convergence product competitiveness.
- 🏢 Challenges in the software industry include varying competency levels of new employees, low morale due to a hardware-centric environment, and knowledge leakage due to frequent staff turnover.
- 🛠️ Development issues such as ad hoc software development, lack of process improvement, and resistance to adopting new technologies due to perceived overhead are common in many organizations.
- 🛡️ Software configuration management (SCM) is crucial for managing source code, handling breaches, managing releases, and conducting check-ins and check-outs, but many companies lack proper training and awareness in this area.
- 📉 A local mid-sized company's evaluation revealed deficiencies in process, technology, and people aspects of SCM, indicating a need for policy development, improved tool features, and better workforce capabilities.
- 🤷♂️ Myths about software development, such as the belief that advanced tools are all that's needed or that adding more developers will make up for a delayed project, are prevalent among managers, customers, and developers.
- 🛑 The importance of software engineering is increasingly recognized, with a shift from a 'code first, fix later' approach to a more systematic and analytical process to ensure software quality and efficiency.
- 📚 The adoption of software process improvement models like CMMI or SPICE helps companies minimize development risks and identify opportunities for growth, emphasizing the need for continuous improvement in software processes.
Q & A
What was the main focus of the software engineering 2012 white paper by Napa?
-The white paper focused on the competitiveness of software, highlighting the comparison between Apple and Samsung's financial performance and the importance of building software application-based content ecosystems.
How did Apple's financial performance compare to Samsung's in 2012?
-In 2012, Apple, which focused on devices like the iPhone, had a revenue of $52 billion and an operating profit of $19 billion, which was ahead of Samsung's consolidated sales of $47 billion and operating profit of $5.2 billion.
Why was Apple's operating profit significantly higher than Samsung's despite Samsung's diverse product lineup?
-Apple's higher operating profit was attributed to its focus on building various software application-based content ecosystems, overcoming the weakness of operating only on their platform with a range of services to customers.
What are the major challenges in software development that can impact social and economic costs?
-Challenges include the need for improved software quality in terms of correctness and reliability, and the social and economic problems and costs caused by software defects, which are often overlooked.
What are some of the people-related development issues mentioned in the script?
-Issues include varying competency levels of new employees, low morale of the software workforce due to a hardware-centric environment, and organizational knowledge leakage due to frequent staff turnover.
What are some common complaints from software developers regarding their work environment?
-Developers often complain about the low position of software within the company, working style conflicts between generations, lack of career vision, and poor working environments with long working hours.
What are some of the development process issues that organizations face?
-Organizations often develop software in an ad hoc manner or repeat development with rework, leading to insufficient introduction of new technology, lack of process improvement, and a general lack of understanding about the importance of process from managers.
What is the importance of software configuration management in a company?
-Software configuration management is crucial for managing source code, handling breaches, managing releases, and performing check-ins and checkouts. It helps in establishing common rules and ensuring consistency in development practices.
What are some myths about software development that managers and customers often have?
-Managers might think that developers have everything they need with advanced tools and standards, or that adding more developers can catch up a delayed project. Customers may believe that starting software development with just outlines is enough, and that changes to requirements are easy due to software's flexibility.
Why is the application of software engineering techniques important in addressing the complexity and challenges in software development?
-Software engineering techniques provide systematic management and support for efficient work, addressing anticipated difficulties throughout the development process, from requirements analysis to maintenance, ensuring the successful development of increasingly complex software.
What are the three key success factors in software engineering mentioned in the script?
-The three key success factors are the definition of systematic practices and workflows, organizing workforces with expertise, and balancing and harmonizing these factors to develop software in an engineering manner, which requires continuous improvement and investment.
Outlines
📈 Software Competitiveness and Market Performance
This paragraph discusses the significance of software competitiveness in the corporate world, using Apple and Samsung as case studies. It highlights how Apple, with a focus on a few devices like the iPhone, outperformed Samsung in terms of revenue and operating profit in 2012. The key to Apple's success is attributed to its robust software application-based ecosystems and services. The paragraph emphasizes the growing importance of software in business and the need for improved software quality to reduce social and economic damage caused by defects. It concludes by stressing the importance of securing global software quality competitiveness, especially for local enterprises competing in a small domestic market.
🛠️ Software Development Challenges and People Issues
The second paragraph delves into the challenges faced in software development, focusing on people-related issues. It outlines problems such as varying competency levels of new employees, low morale due to a hardware-centric environment, and knowledge leakage from frequent staff turnover. Additionally, it touches on the dissatisfaction among developers regarding the company's low regard for software, conflicts between generations, and poor working conditions. The paragraph also addresses development issues like ad hoc software development, lack of process improvement, and resistance to change due to a belief in the adequacy of current practices. It concludes with a discussion on the importance of configuration management and the need for better training and awareness.
🚀 The Evolution of Software Engineering Practices
This paragraph traces the history and evolution of software engineering, starting from the 1950s when it was adopted similar to hardware engineering. It discusses the software crisis of the 1960s due to a surge in demand and lack of experience, leading to the formal introduction of software engineering in the 1970s. The narrative continues with the shift from coding first and fixing later to more structured techniques like the waterfall model. The paragraph also covers the emergence of agile methodologies in the 2000s to address rapid market changes, emphasizing the importance of software engineering in defining and analyzing requirements for effective development.
📊 Assessing Software Engineering Capabilities in Korea
The fourth paragraph presents an assessment of software engineering capabilities in Korea based on 2012 data from Napa, which surveyed 220 companies and 255 projects. It reveals that local software engineering capabilities are underdeveloped, with low scores in workforce, technology, and overall software engineering, despite some improvement in processes. The paragraph underscores the need for continuous improvement in software process and adoption of models like CMMI or SPICE to minimize development risks and increase organizational maturity.
🔄 Software Life Cycle Models and Their Characteristics
This paragraph explores various software life cycle models, starting with the waterfall and V models, which are simple and sequential but require clearly defined requirements upfront. It then discusses the incremental model, suitable for environments where requirements may change over time, allowing for feature expansion through iterations. The evolutionary model is highlighted as similar to agile methodologies, focusing on continuous improvement and adaptation to changes. Lastly, the spiral model is introduced as a way to manage technological risks through prototyping and iterative development.
🌐 The Spiral Model and Managing Technological Risks
The final paragraph focuses on the spiral model, which is designed to reduce technological risks by developing multiple prototypes. This model evaluates the feasibility of technology at each stage and makes decisions on whether to proceed, cancel, or change project requirements. It emphasizes minimizing commitment in each phase to address technical uncertainties and adapt to changes, making it suitable for projects with stable system requirements and a need for detailed technical risk analysis.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Software Engineering
💡Competitiveness
💡Operating Profit
💡Ecosystems
💡Software Quality
💡Configuration Management
💡Agile Methodologies
💡Software Process Improvement
💡Waterfall Model
💡Incremental Model
💡Evolutionary Model
💡Spiral Model
Highlights
Apple's revenue and operating profit significantly outperformed Samsung's in 2012, highlighting the impact of software competitiveness.
Apple's success is attributed to its ecosystem of software applications, overcoming the limitation of operating on a single platform.
The importance of software's role in the market is growing, with its size and complexity expected to increase exponentially.
There is a recognized need for improved software quality, including correctness and reliability, to address social and economic issues caused by defects.
Local software enterprises face challenges competing in a small domestic market against global corporations.
New software employees have varying competency levels, impacting the development process.
Low morale among the software workforce is attributed to a hardware-centric environment.
Organizational knowledge loss due to frequent staff turnover is a significant issue in software development.
Software developers face challenges such as low recognition within companies and inter-generational working style conflicts.
Most organizations develop software in an ad hoc manner with insufficient introduction of new technologies.
Managers often lack understanding of the importance of process improvement in software development.
Software engineering techniques and methods are underutilized in practice, with insufficient use of case tools and global standards.
Leading companies periodically evaluate their software development maturity and prioritize improvement activities.
Software configuration management is crucial for managing source code, handling breaches, and controlling releases.
Common myths among managers, customers, and developers about software development are debunked.
The application of software engineering is emphasized for successfully developing increasingly complex software.
Three key success factors in software engineering are defined: systematic practices, skilled workforce organization, and process integration.
Software engineering should be a continuous effort, supported by top management for desired results.
The history of software engineering is traced back to the 1950s, with the waterfall model developed to address the software crisis in the 1970s.
Agile methodologies emerged in the 2000s to respond to rapid market changes, emphasizing concurrent engineering.
Software development capabilities are key to a company's success in the digital age, with 69% of companies leveraging it for competitive advantage.
Statistics from Napa in 2012 show that local software engineering capabilities in Korea are still poor, with low scores in workforce and technology.
Software process improvement and adoption are emphasized for effective software development with minimal investment.
Various software process improvement models like CMMI or SPICE are adopted to minimize development risk and increase organizational maturity.
The software life cycle is crucial as it dictates the direction of a software project, with different models like waterfall, V model, incremental, evolutionary, and spiral having distinct characteristics and applications.
The evolutionary model is particularly suitable for environments with continuous demands for product improvement and unclear system specifications.
The spiral model is used to reduce technological risks by developing multiple prototypes and evaluating feasibility at each phase.
Transcripts
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ah
let's take a look at the software
challenges in your company if you you
see a software engineering 2012 white
paper issued by Napa we can see the
importance of the competitiveness of the
software through comparison of Apple and
Samsung Apple has achieved a $52 billion
Revenue operating profit of 19 billion
from fiscal year 2012 quarter 1
performance Samsung Electronics in
fourth quarter announced Consolidated
sales of $47 billion operating profit of
5.2 bill milon Dollar in
2012 it can be seen that Apple which is
only focusing in it devices such as the
iPhone was ahead of Samsung sales with a
full lineup in the semiconductor LCD
mobile phones home
appliances in particular we can see
apple is much ahead even in the
operating profit four times higher than
Samsung so you can see that apple is
ahead of Samsung both in terms of grow
sales and substance
what major causes to make such a
difference the answer is that Apple has
been building various software
application-based content
ecosystems Apple overcomes their
weakness which they operate only in
their platform with various services to
customers as we see the data we can
realize that how important software
competitiveness of Enterprises are in
recent
days recently software significantly
takes important role and increase their
size and predict that in the future the
size and complexity of software
increases
exponentially as the dependency to
software get increased in parallel there
are needs that software quality should
be improved such as correctness and
reliability but we actually Overlook for
the Social and economic problems and
costs caused by quality problems such as
software
defects therefore it's now time to
reduce the social and economic damage
caused by the fault of the software and
prepare a plan or approach to improve
the competitiveness of the it
convergence products in particular we
have the situation where it is required
to put more our interests and efforts to
secure Global software quality
competitiveness given the reality of
local software Enterprises in the small
domestic Market struggling to compete
with global
corporations
let's continue the people processes
Technologies aspects of issues related
to software
development the development issues
related to people is firstly new
employees have different competency
levels from the past secondly morale of
software Workforce is low due to
Hardware Centric environment and thirdly
organizational knowledge is leaked due
to frequent staff
turnover and also other problems which
is is the common concern of software
developers are included in development
issues they are complaining about the
low position of software in company and
the working style conflict between
senior and juniors due to different
generation concerning on lack of career
vision for example we have no vision and
raise a problem in poor work
environments that require work until
9:00 p.m. at 900
a.m. take a look at the following issues
in the development process point of view
most organizations have developed
software with ad hoc manner or repeat
development with
rework therefore the effect on the
introduction of new technology is
generally
insufficient an organization that
generates a lot of benefits does not
really care about the process
Improvement because they think they are
the best and there is no reason to do
additional work to get better in the
case of managers a lack of under
understanding about the importance of
process because they think the most
important is sales and revenue for
developers they have a sense that the
process makes additional overhead so
that they have a lack of the motivation
to participate in the process
Improvement finally having the issues of
the technology aspect there are problems
in that to apply software engineering
techniques and methods in practice also
using case tools applying global
standard s and a systematic reuse
practices is
insufficient leading companies recognize
that software development is very
important these companies evaluate their
software development maturity
periodically and looking for improvement
opportunities and prioritize Improvement
activities and Carry Out execution plans
to
move this is the summary data related to
software configuration management which
carried out in a local midsized company
in the past when evaluating any
company's capabilities it usually
diagnoses three
perspectives the first is process the
second technology and the third is
person for each of the three
aspects regarding process issues found
we saw this company had a lack of
configuration management policies and
process definition and there was
inconsistent execution in their real
practices regarding technology issues
tools and best practices for
configuration management were not well
integrated for people issues there were
a lack of knowledge and competency
development for developers these
problems are not just limited to this
company process is not defined process
was poor even if there was a defined
process tools are in place but we can
frequent quently see developer skills
understanding and deployment are
generally
poor look at the developer side
importance of configuration management
how should configuration management does
how to manage the source code how to
manage breaches how to manage releases
and how to do check-in and checkout are
not well
established these should be done with
General common rules but as there are
insufficient training or awareness they
are not well integrated and each
separately so companies are looking to
find the problems and derive the
implications of the problem for example
this company needed policy and process
Concepts and definition and improve CM
support tool features and performance
Improvement to be able to operate in
automaking workflow based CM
processes from people aspect there
should be a need to set up the CM
dedicated team to Foster the developer
configuration man management
capabilities and knowledge to maintain
CM
systems this company found the
implications and prioritize based on
impacts and importance developed the
action plans and finally executed an
action plan to improve the configuration
management
process now shall we look at some things
that are related to myths that manager
and customers and software developers
have managers think developers have
everything they need to develop software
if they have advanced case tools
standards and
procedures and they think developers
don't need standards and tools because
developers work hard and put their best
when project behind schedule they think
they can catch up to the schedule if
they add more developers to the project
they think good managers can also manage
the project well as the software is not
visible they think it should be enough
to check the start and end
for customers they think that it's
enough to start software development
once we get the outlines it's okay that
the detail can be developed later they
have myths that changes to requirements
and are easy as software itself is
flexible and developers make decisions
themselves than execute
project for developers they have myths
that their job is complete the program
and developed and run they think that
there is no way to assess the quality
until a program is run working programs
are only project deliverables and case
tool solves their
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problem now what would be the answers to
address these problems complexity and
our challenges we are seeking to find
the answers from software engineering to
successfully develop the software which
is increasing the sizes and functional
alities the application of software
engineering is more important than
others as systemic management software
engineering techniques to provide a
technique techniques that support the
efficient work performed address
anticipated difficulties throughout the
process up to the maintenance from the
requirements
analysis the companies realize and need
the importance of software
engineering in the past from the way of
coding first and fixing later now the
companies get more recognition on that
it is important to Define and analyze
requirements in order to effectively
apply software engineering techniques
three key success factors which are the
definition of systematic practices and
workflows that integrate into processes
organizing the workforces with expertise
and infrastructure to operate to find
workflows and workforces efficiently
should be balanced and harmonized then
we can develop software that we want in
engineering manner also these three
factors are required to be steadily
improved and invested with many efforts
During the period in which the company
operates software engineering is not a
onetime event but should proceed as
planned and continuous efforts through
strong commitment and sponsorship of top
management then you can finally achieve
the desired
results this this is how the birth of
software engineering and explain what is
currently the hottest and trendy look at
the history of software engineering
1950s software engineering Concepts was
adopted to software development projects
which was similar to Hardware
engineering as the demand for software
surged in the 1960s it caused a software
crisis due to the lack of experience and
ability numerical shortage of manpower
to implement it so then software
engineering earnestly got
introduced starting in the 1970s as high
demand for software occurred it become
lack of
Manpower there were a situation where
put a large number of non- Majors to
resolve the problem these people
typically coded first then fixed the
problems later leveraging the
characteristics of software which can be
easily modified when they developed the
software this approach would make
company realize that the Gap exist in
reality a fast changing World
requirements were becoming increasingly
apparent and development teams defined
their own requirements themselves as
coding first and fixing later approach
made many defects found and they caused
the side effects structured or formal
techniques had
revealed thus the waterfall model was
developed to proceed in order with the
analysis design implementation and so on
but formal techniques had difficulties
in use for the general software
developers the waterfall model required
requirements to be clearly defined at
front and start the analysis development
testing which such defined requirement
but in reality there were a lot of
changes in the middle of development
occurred because the development
typically started with undefined
requirements these impacted the progress
slowed down due to high rework and cost
overrun so in 1980s where try to address
these problems there were many
researches on finding ways to increase
software productivity to develop
software effectively to increase the
reusability in 1990 it happened to be a
need to shorten the time to Market of
products for a competitive advantage in
the market this impacted more research
on software development productivity
used the model that focused on
concurrent engineering to conduct a
requirements design and implementation
at the same time in waterfall
model in 2000s which began to rapidly
changing Market environment surrounding
the software agile methodologies have
been introduced in order to effectively
respond to these rapid changes and you
can see many modern companies have been
adopting and institutionalizing these
agile
methods software development
capabilities is recognized as the key
success of companies in the digital age
the companies which understand and
prepare the major technology Trends get
tangible benefits to bridge the
execution Gap in fact 69% of companies
that leverage software development to
reap the competitive Advantage is better
performance than any other company in
terms of
profitability therefore companies should
increase software development
capabilities in order to enhance the
competitiveness of products and services
however as software development gets
more difficulties due to software
increases in size software features
Diversified and changes to software
operating environment such as user
interface software engineering is
required and at the same time the need
for efforts to increase the execution
and quality is also
necessary let's summarize the software
statistics in Korea via the 2012 data of
Napa this Statistics was made by Napa
based on results of targeted 255
projects of total 220 companies in
conclusion we look to see local software
engineering capabilities are still very
poor if you look at this chart it shows
69 point for process 57 points for
Workforce 59 points for technology and
62 points for overall score out of 100
points in software
engineering in this case we can see all
aspect except for process are very poor
which points to the lowest
grade looking at the data compared to
2010 to understand how much get improved
we can see process aspect is somewhat
improved but the quality technology and
Workforce are very little relatively
improved what common phenomenon appears
in Korea software engineering capability
scores between 2009 and
2011 the processes are usually defined
as internal policies in many companies
but we can see that they have relatively
insufficient quality workforces to
efficiently operate and manage processes
and their technology aspect is
considerably very
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poor recently many companies strive to
adopt and improve effective processes
for software development in order to
improve software quality and keep it
consistent the reason to emphasize on
software process Improvement and
adoption in the companies is that it can
perform effectively in software
development with less investment and can
independently proceed with people and
Technology even if outstanding people or
technology exists it is difficult to
maximize these capabilities without
appropriate processes or
understanding software process is
consisted of a series of steps carried
out activities tasks and deliverables as
seen on the
screen this will ensure that there is
visibility as roles and responsibilities
are clearly defined in addition this
makes easy to plan and track the project
and reduce unnecessary work the starting
point for process Improvement to enable
continuous process Improvement in your
company to enable them to continuously
improve their software process in the
company they're adopting a various
software process Improvement models such
as cmmi or spice which helps minimize
the development risk and identify
Improvement opportunities that help a
company to increase maturity of
organizational
development let's see the
characteristics in the software life
cycle as said in the beginning the
software life cycle serves as the
backbone in the software project
compared to the human since it takes the
backbone role depending on which model
is selected the software project tracks
right direction or in Failure we should
consider it take a very important role
to dictate
it in the waterfall model or V model
there are a typical model of the most
most widely used in the field the reason
is that it is typically the easiest as
analysis design implementation and
testing phase progress sequentially
project managers or developers stand to
think of something simple and not
complicated progress in a series of
activities so waterfall or V model
clearly shows that what process should
be performed by project manager or
developer and is fairly easy to
understand customers who does not know
software development well but when you
see the shortcomings this is a model
that can be applied in the most ideal
when user system software requirements
are clearly identified in advanced
details but in reality it is almost
impossible therefore agile is recently
one of the hottest Trends as it is more
appropriate than waterfall because we
can see that agile is most suitable to
recent changing development
environment in addition the waterfall
model is a model that emphasizes the
verification validation and testing so
according to the characteristics of our
development environment as we always
emphasize the testing processes on the
other hand the company considers the
waterfall or V model is the most
suitable let's look at the incremental
model in case of the incremental model
it is a useful model when there is a
need to reduce the system development
time after core features are developed
and operated first the rest of the
features are implemented and
added this results in the system
development via the function expansion
through several
iterations therefore firstly let the
base system version operate with limited
features and then complete the future
system version with add-on features on
top of Base features of previous
versions
so requirements are already determined
but this is the most useful model in the
case that there are possibility of
changes or Improvement for defined
requirements over
time now let's look at the evolutionary
model The evolutionary model is a useful
model when there is a need to reduce the
system development time unlike the
incremental model we discussed it is the
model to repeat several times to develop
the entire systems it's also a model
that each system provides the user with
all the features
finally so a system was developed and
operated and changes are derived these
changes are inputs and feedbacks to
develop the next system so this model is
fairly similar model to Agile and
interactive development which is one of
Agile development
methodologies because it has similar
properties current many companies are
are using the evolutionary model
aot it is a model that changes including
changes to the functions and changes to
the user interface and changes to
nonfunctional requirements such as
reliability and performance Improvement
are implemented and reflected to the
system as it
evolves in case where system
specification is unclear as a whole it
is also the most appropriate model where
there are continuous demands for product
Improvement
there are many cases where mix of
incremental and evolutionary models are
both adopted in the
field by closing look at the field
several models in hybrid forms are
applied not just only one model The
evolutionary model has the
characteristics where software
development progresses by adding new
features and improving existing features
at the same time for new system version
therefore such model has the following
characteristics for The evolutionary
model even if the system does not have
the full functionality early training
for the system can be delivered it can
also provide initial training for system
users also allow users to become
familiar with the system elicit
necessary changes and reflect those
feedbacks into future
Evolution so due to the shortening of
the development cycle can be more
competitive as the early use of the
system
because the system is developing several
times it is a good model that can
address the issues problems and risks
early also it can be developed by
splitting it with professional
breakdown for example this model can be
used that if the project transforms the
text-based user interface into Graphics
based a user interface development team
first develops certain Improvement on
user interface and the other development
teams then to proceed and improve
improve the next
pieces lastly let's talk about a spiral
model while previous models are to
reduce managerial risks spiral model is
to develop many prototypes to reduce the
number of technological
risks with this prototype this model
evaluates the technology is really
reasonable can prove the feasibility or
if not then decide whether it should be
disposed or develop another prototype
it would make a decision on whether we
changes to project requirements cancel
or proceed after each of the prototypes
has been
developed it is also the model that
minimizes the commitment in each phase
to find a solution of the technical
risks the spiral model is adequate when
there are a dependency on stable system
requirements and detail analysis of
technical
risks
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