ASAL-USUL GARUT || (Sejarah Berdirinya Kabupaten Garut)

Historical Study

17 Sept 202209:08

Summary

TLDRThe script narrates the historical and geographical significance of Garut city, West Java, Indonesia. It originated from the dissolution of Limbangan in 1811 and was renamed Garut in 1913, influenced by a mispronunciation by a Dutchman. The city's development is divided into three periods, marked by the establishment of government buildings, infrastructure, and tourism. Garut's growth is characterized by its natural beauty, surrounded by mountains, and its rich history, which includes the establishment of hotels and agriculture. The script also discusses the debate over the city's founding day, which was initially celebrated on May 7 but later recognized as February 16, based on historical findings.

Takeaways

📍 Geographically, Garut is located far from Bandung, the capital of West Java, serving as a buffer and hinterland for the Greater Bandung area.
🏛 The history of Garut began with the dissolution of the Limbangan Regency in 1811 by Daendels due to declining coffee production and resistance to planting indigo.
🗓️ On February 16, 1813, Lieutenant Governor Raffles issued a decision to reestablish Limbangan Regency in the Sacred Area, which was deemed unsuitable due to its limited space.
🔍 The search for a new capital led to the discovery of Cimurah, which was later rejected due to difficulties in obtaining clean water.
🌿 The committee then found a suitable area 5 km west of Suci, with fertile land, a water source flowing into the Cimanuk River, and surrounded by mountains.
💧 The name 'Garut' originated from a mispronunciation by a European who confused 'kakarut' (thorny) with 'Gagarut', leading to the naming of the thorny plants as 'Ki Garut' and the lake as 'Cigarut'.
🏗️ Garut was officially declared the new capital of Limbangan Regency on September 15, 1813, with the laying of the first stone for the construction of government facilities and infrastructure.
🛤️ The physical development of Garut city was divided into three periods, with the first period from 1813 to 1920 characterized by linear growth and the establishment of Dutch colonial government buildings.
🏨 The second period from 1920 to 1940 saw concentric development with the emergence of city facilities such as train stations, post offices, pharmacies, schools, hotels, and markets.
🏞️ The third period from 1940 to the 1960s followed the core-multiplication theory, with growth in trade, education, housing, and population in designated zones.
🗓️ The name change from Limbangan to Garut and the establishment of Garut as the capital city occurred on July 1, 1913, with Raden Wiratanudatar as the incumbent bupati.
🎉 Garut's beauty spread worldwide, making it a popular tourist destination, and its anniversary is celebrated on September 15, based on the historical findings of September 15, 1813.

Q & A

What is the geographical significance of Garut city in relation to Bandung?
-Garut city is strategically located as a buffer and hinterland for the Greater Bandung area, serving as an important support for the region.
What historical event led to the establishment of Garut as a city?
-The establishment of Garut as a city began with the dissolution of the Limbangan Regency in 1811 due to declining coffee production and resistance to the cultivation of indigo by the local regent.
Why was Cimurah initially considered as the new capital for the Limbangan Regency?
-Cimurah was initially considered because it was located approximately 3 km east of the original capital, Suci. However, it was rejected due to difficulties in obtaining clean water.
How did the name 'Garut' originate?
-The name 'Garut' originated from a mispronunciation by a European who confused the local term 'kakarut' (thorny) with 'Gagarut', which eventually became 'Garut'.
What significant event occurred on February 16, 1813, regarding the Limbangan Regency?
-On February 16, 1813, Lieutenant Governor Raffles issued a decision to re-establish the Limbangan Regency in the Sacred Region, which was later deemed unsuitable due to its limited area.
What natural features contributed to the selection of the new capital site for the Limbangan Regency?
-The new capital site was chosen for its fertile land, the presence of a spring that flows into the Cimanuk River, and its beautiful surroundings, including several mountains such as Gunung Cikuray and Gunung Papandayan.
When was the foundation stone laid for the construction of the new capital's infrastructure in Garut?
-The foundation stone was laid on September 15, 1813, marking the beginning of the construction of government buildings, residences, offices, and other infrastructure.
What was the significance of the date May 7, 1913, in the history of Garut?
-May 7, 1913, is significant because it marks the day when the Limbangan Regency's name was officially changed to Garut Regency and Garut was established as its capital.
How did the city of Garut develop physically during its early years?
-The physical development of Garut was divided into three periods. The first period, from 1813 to 1920, saw linear growth with the city filled with Dutch colonial government buildings and investments in agriculture, mining, and tourism.
What facilities and services were developed during the second period of Garut's growth, between 1920 and 1940?
-During the second period, the city's development was more concentric, with changes in the city's face due to the establishment of facilities such as a railway station, post office, pharmacy, schools, hotels, and markets.
What is the current understanding of Garut's founding day based on historical research?
-Based on historical research findings, the founding day of Garut is now considered to be February 16, 1813, rather than the previously celebrated date of May 7, as it marks the first appearance of the name 'Garut' and the beginning of its development.

Outlines

00:00

🏙️ Geographical Significance and Historical Origin of Garut

This paragraph discusses the geographical positioning of Garut city and its historical importance as a balance and hinterland to the broader Bandung area in West Java. It narrates the city's foundation dating back to the dissolution of Limbangan Regency in 1811 due to declining coffee production and resistance to cultivating indigo. The narrative includes the story of the re-establishment of Limbangan Regency and the search for a new capital, which led to the discovery of a suitable location with abundant water sources and beautiful surroundings, including several mountains. The name 'Garut' is derived from a mispronunciation by a European during the search for the new capital, which led to the renaming of the local thorny plants and a small lake to 'Ki Garut' and 'Cigarut', respectively. The paragraph also covers the construction of government buildings and facilities in the new capital and the official change of the regency's name to Garut in 1913.

05:04

🛤️ Urban Development and Historical Milestones of Garut

The second paragraph delves into the urban development of Garut, divided into three distinct periods. The first period from 1813 to 1920 saw linear growth with the establishment of Dutch colonial government buildings and investments in agriculture, mining, and tourism. The second period from 1920 to 1940 marked a concentrated transformation with the emergence of city facilities like train stations, post offices, pharmacies, schools, hotels, and markets. The paragraph also mentions the change in the city's administration, with Adipati Musa Suryakarta Legawa becoming the Bupati of Garut in 1929, and the development of hotels for accommodation and entertainment of plantation staff and foreign tourists. The paragraph highlights Garut's spread of beauty worldwide, making it a tourist destination, and discusses the establishment of Garut's anniversary dates, which were initially set on May 7th but later changed to February 16th after historical fact-finding missions revealed earlier dates for the city's naming and development.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Geographically

Geographically refers to the physical location and distribution of something on Earth. In the context of the video, it is used to describe the location of Garut city in relation to Bandung, the capital of West Java. The script mentions that Garut is 'not far' from Bandung, emphasizing its strategic position as a 'hinterland' and 'buffer' to the wider Bandung area.

💡Daendels

Daendels, in this script, refers to the Dutch colonial administrator, General Herman Willem Daendels, who played a significant role in the administrative changes in the region during the early 19th century. The script mentions that Daendels disbanded the Limbangan Regency in 1811 due to declining coffee production and resistance to the cultivation of indigo.

💡Raffles

Raffles, or Sir Stamford Raffles, was a British statesman and colonial administrator who served as the Lieutenant Governor of Java from 1811 to 1816. In the script, Raffles is mentioned as the one who issued a decision letter on February 16, 1813, about the re-establishment of the Limbangan Regency, indicating his influence on the region's administrative affairs.

💡Suci

Suci was the original location considered for the capital of the Limbangan Regency. The script describes how the area was deemed unsuitable due to its limited space and the difficulty in obtaining clean water, leading to the search for a new capital site.

💡Cimurah

Cimurah was initially chosen as the new capital site due to its proximity to Suci, about 3 km to the east. However, the lack of clean water in Cimurah led to the search for another location, illustrating the importance of resources in the selection of a capital city.

💡Garut

Garut is the name of the city that eventually became the new capital of the Limbangan Regency. The name is derived from a mispronunciation by a European, who confused the local term 'kakarut' with 'Gagarut,' leading to the current name. The script details the discovery of a suitable area with fertile land and a water source, which contributed to its selection as the capital.

💡Kabupaten

Kabupaten is an Indonesian term for a regency or administrative region in Indonesia. The script discusses the historical changes of the Limbangan Kabupaten, including its re-establishment and later renaming to Garut Kabupaten, highlighting the administrative evolution of the region.

💡Baban Cong

Baban Cong, mentioned in the script, refers to a platform or stage that was part of the public facilities built in the new capital of Garut. It was used by the Bupati and other government officials to address the public, indicating its importance in the political and social life of the city.

💡Peletakan Batu

Peletakan Batu is an Indonesian term for the laying of the foundation stone, a ceremonial act marking the commencement of construction. The script refers to the first Peletakan Batu on September 15, 1813, which signifies the official start of building infrastructure in the new capital of Garut.

💡Harijadi Garut

Harijadi Garut, or Garut's Anniversary, is the day celebrated as the city's founding day. The script discusses the historical debate over the exact date, with evidence suggesting it should be February 16, 1813, rather than the previously celebrated date of May 7, 1913. This term is central to understanding the city's history and identity.

💡Perkebunan

Perkebunan refers to agriculture or plantations, which were a significant part of Garut's development. The script mentions the establishment of plantations and the construction of hotels to accommodate the needs of the plantation workers and foreign visitors, reflecting the economic activities that shaped the region.

Highlights

Geographically, Garut city is strategically located as a hinterland for the wider Bandung area in West Java.

Garut's history dates back to the dissolution of Limbangan Regency in 1811 by Daendels due to declining coffee production and resistance to indigo cultivation.

On February 16, 1813, Lieutenant Governor Raffles issued a decision to reestablish Limbangan Regency in the Sacred Region.

The search for a new capital led to the discovery of Cimurah, which was later rejected due to difficulties in obtaining clean water.

The name 'Garut' originates from a mispronunciation by a European who confused 'kakarut' (thorny) with 'Gagarut', leading to the current name.

The discovery of a small lake, Telaga, surrounded by thorny plants, led to the naming of the area and its eventual establishment as the new capital.

Garut was officially declared the capital of Limbangan Regency on September 15, 1813, with the laying of the first stone for infrastructure development.

The city's physical development is divided into three periods, with the first period from 1813 to 1920 characterized by linear growth and colonial Dutch architecture.

The second period from 1920 to 1940 saw concentric development with the establishment of city facilities like a train station, post office, pharmacy, schools, hotels, and markets.

The third period from 1940 to the 1960s followed a core-multiplication theory, evident in the growth of trade, education, housing, and population zones.

Garut's urban area at the time included three villages: Kota Kulon, Kota Wetan, and Margawati, while the Garut Regency encompassed several districts.

Raden Wiratanu Datar was replaced by his nephew Adipati Suryakarta Legawa in 1915, marking a significant change in leadership.

On August 14, 1925, Garut was officially recognized as an autonomous region with the power to manage local affairs, including road maintenance and public health.

Adipati Musa Suryakarta Legawa, who served as the Bupati of Garut from 1929, was instrumental in the development of agriculture and the construction of hotels for accommodation and entertainment.

Garut's beauty spread worldwide, making it a renowned tourist destination, with its founding day established on May 7, 1913, marking the change from Limbangan to Garut.

Since 1963, Garut's founding day is celebrated on September 15, based on historical findings, but later it was recognized to be more accurate on February 16, 1813.

The first stone laying for the construction of the Loui Daun bridge occurred on September 15, 1918, further cementing Garut's historical significance.