"NA DITADURA MILITAR O BRASIL ERA MELHOR" | ERA UMA VEZ NO BRASIL 1

Politize!
31 Mar 202216:15

Summary

TLDRThe script discusses Brazil's military dictatorship era from 1964 to 1985, highlighting the economic growth dubbed the 'Brazilian Miracle' and the 1970 World Cup victory. It critiques the regime's repression, censorship, corruption, and fiscal policies that led to economic crises and a facade of progress. The script also addresses the regime's impact on education, infrastructure, and the national psyche.

Takeaways

  • 🏆 On June 23, 1970, Brazil celebrated the national holiday after winning the World Cup in Mexico. Schools, shops, and public offices were closed, and a massive reception in Brasília drew about 200,000 people.
  • 🌟 The Brazilian football team's victory was seen as a reflection of the country's internal situation, boosting national pride and belief in Brazil's potential and destiny.
  • 📈 In 1970, Brazil's economy was booming with a 10.4% GDP growth, low inflation, and rapid industrial development, contributing to the perception of a 'Brazilian Economic Miracle'.
  • 🏭 Major infrastructure projects like the Angra 1 nuclear power plant, Itaipu Dam, and the Trans-Amazonian Highway were initiated during this period, symbolizing Brazil's economic progress.
  • 💔 Despite economic growth, the benefits were not evenly distributed. The Gini index showed increased economic inequality, with the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer.
  • 💼 The military government prioritized economic growth over wealth distribution, leading to wage controls that kept workers' purchasing power stagnant during the 'Economic Miracle'.
  • 💔 The economic policies of the dictatorship were not open to public debate due to the suppression of political rights, leading to widespread corruption and a lack of accountability.
  • 💸 The high cost of financing the industrial growth through international credit led to increased national debt, which would later contribute to a severe economic crisis.
  • 🏛️ The construction of major infrastructure like the Itaipu Dam, while impressive, left a significant debt and was marred by corruption scandals.
  • 🏫 While there was some improvement in education during the dictatorship, with a decrease in illiteracy rates, the overall quality and accessibility of education suffered due to low public investment and a focus on private education.
  • 📉 The legacy of the dictatorship's economic policies, including high debt and economic stagnation, would lead to the 'lost decade' of the 1980s in Brazil.

Q & A

  • What was the significance of June 23, 1970, in Brazil?

    -June 23, 1970, was a national holiday in Brazil. It was the day the Brazilian football team returned after winning the World Cup in Mexico. The event was marked by a grand reception in Brasília, with about 200,000 people celebrating the victory.

  • What was the economic situation in Brazil during the military dictatorship?

    -During the military dictatorship from 1964 to 1985, Brazil experienced significant economic growth, averaging 6.15%. The country's GDP growth reached 14% in a single year during the peak of the 'economic miracle'. However, this growth was not evenly distributed among the population.

  • What was the impact of the economic growth on the Brazilian people?

    -Despite the economic growth, the benefits were not evenly distributed. The Gini index, which measures income inequality, increased from 0.497 in 1960 to 0.622 in 1972, indicating a rise in economic disparity. The growth did not necessarily translate into an improvement in the lives of the general population.

  • How did the military dictatorship approach wage policy?

    -The military dictatorship prioritized economic growth over wage distribution. The government implemented a policy of wage control and austerity, which resulted in the real value of the minimum wage decreasing by 50% during the dictatorship.

  • What was the 'Milagre Econômico' and what were its consequences?

    -The 'Milagre Econômico' or 'Economic Miracle' was a period of rapid economic growth in Brazil during the 1960s and 1970s. However, this growth was financed through international credit, leading to increased national debt and dependence. The consequences were felt when the oil crisis of 1973 hit, exacerbating the economic situation.

  • What major infrastructure projects were undertaken during the dictatorship?

    -The dictatorship undertook significant infrastructure projects such as the nuclear power plant Angra 1, the Itaipu Dam, and the Trans-Amazonian Highway. These projects were ambitious but also resulted in substantial debt.

  • What was the role of the Itaipu Dam in the economic narrative of the dictatorship?

    -The Itaipu Dam was a flagship project of the dictatorship, showcasing Brazil's industrial development. However, it also left a billion-dollar debt that has not been fully repaid, and was associated with corruption allegations.

  • How did the dictatorship handle education during its rule?

    -While there was an increase in school enrollment rates and a decrease in illiteracy rates, the dictatorship's approach to education was characterized by low public investment and a reliance on private education. The public education system suffered from poor infrastructure and undervalued teachers.

  • What was the impact of the dictatorship's policies on the Brazilian economy in the long term?

    -The economic policies of the dictatorship, while initially successful, led to long-term issues such as high national debt and economic stagnation in the 1980s. The 'stagflation' crisis and the legacy of the accelerated growth with heavy debt burdened the Brazilian economy for years.

  • How did the dictatorship use the success of the Brazilian football team to its advantage?

    -The dictatorship used the success of the Brazilian football team, particularly their World Cup victory in 1970, as a symbol of national pride and potential. This was part of a broader strategy to create a myth of a prosperous and successful Brazil, despite underlying issues of repression, censorship, and corruption.

  • What was the role of the media during the military dictatorship?

    -The media played a significant role in promoting the image of a successful Brazil during the dictatorship. Newspapers of the time referred to the period as a 'Carnival in June' and a 'collective madness', reflecting the government's efforts to control the narrative and suppress dissent.

Outlines

00:00

🏆 Brazil's National Holiday and Soccer Victory Celebration

On June 23, 1970, Brazil celebrated a national holiday as the Brazilian soccer team returned home after winning the World Cup in Mexico. The then-president Emílio Garrastazu Médici organized a reception in Brasília that gathered around 200,000 people to celebrate the triumph. The players paraded through the city and posed with the trophy at the Planalto Palace. The victory was seen as a reflection of Brazil's internal situation, confirming the Brazilians' faith in their country's potential and destiny. Despite the economic growth and soccer victory, there was a darker side to the regime, characterized by repression, censorship, corruption, and fiscal policies that would later lead to a severe economic crisis.

05:11

📈 The Illusion of Brazil's Economic Miracle

The script discusses the illusion behind Brazil's economic growth during the military dictatorship. Despite the promising economic numbers, the reality was that the growth did not translate into better living conditions for the majority of the population. The income of the poorest 20% declined, while the wealthiest 10% saw their incomes increase by 68%. The government's focus on economic growth over wealth distribution led to a significant increase in income inequality. The military regime's economic policies were not open for public discussion, and workers' rights were suppressed. The industrial development project, which was initiated before the dictatorship, continued to show good results, but the regime's reliance on international credit led to increased national debt and dependency.

10:16

🏭 The High Cost of Brazil's Infrastructure Development

The script highlights the construction of significant infrastructure projects during the dictatorship, such as the Itaipu Dam, which was a major hydroelectric plant and a flagship project of the period. However, these projects came at a high cost, both in terms of financial debt and corruption. The Itaipu project was initially budgeted at $1.3 billion but ended up costing $13 billion, with most of the funds coming from loans and financing. The diplomat José Jobim, who was involved in the initial negotiations of the project, was kidnapped and later found dead, with indications that he was tortured and killed due to his knowledge of corruption in the project. The high cost of these projects and the corruption associated with them left a lasting impact on Brazil's economy.

15:21

📚 The Reality of Education and Development Under the Dictatorship

The script addresses the state of education during the military dictatorship, revealing that despite some improvements in enrollment rates, the overall quality and accessibility of education declined. The military government's policies favored private education over public, leading to a significant increase in private schools. The public education system suffered from underinvestment, resulting in poor infrastructure and low teacher qualifications. The military regime's constitution of 1967, while ensuring compulsory and free primary education, did not guarantee universal access to education. The low public spending on education, which was the lowest in Latin America, had a detrimental effect on the quality of education during the dictatorship.

🌐 The Long-term Impact of Brazil's Military Dictatorship

The script concludes by reflecting on the long-term impact of Brazil's military dictatorship. While the country experienced economic growth and development during this period, the cost of over 20 years without democracy was high. The progress made during the dictatorship brought problems that would only be overcome years later. The promising image of Brazil during the 1970 World Cup became a distant memory of an authoritarian regime that hid its true face. The economic growth was accompanied by increased national debt and dependency, and the legacy of the dictatorship included a lost decade in the 1980s due to stagflation.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡National Holiday

A national holiday is a day designated by a country to commemorate a significant event or person. In the script, June 23, 1970, was a national holiday in Brazil due to the return of the Brazilian football team after winning the World Cup. This event was celebrated with a grand reception in Brasília, highlighting the national pride and unity.

💡Brazilian Football Team

The Brazilian Football Team refers to the national team that represents Brazil in international football competitions. The script mentions their victory in the 1970 World Cup in Mexico, which was a source of immense national pride and was celebrated with a grand reception and parade in Brasília.

💡Emílio Garrastazu Médici

Emílio Garrastazu Médici was the President of Brazil from 1969 to 1974. In the context of the script, he is noted for organizing a grand reception in Brasília to celebrate Brazil's victory in the 1970 World Cup. His role in this event is indicative of the government's efforts to foster national pride and unity.

💡Economic Miracle

The term 'Economic Miracle' refers to a period of rapid economic growth and development. The script discusses Brazil's economic growth during the 1960s and 1970s, highlighting a GDP growth of 10.4% in a particular year and a decrease in inflation. This period was marked by significant infrastructure projects and industrial development, painting a picture of a prosperous and promising Brazil.

💡Inflation

Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and subsequently, purchasing power is falling. The script mentions the decrease in inflation from 92% in 1964 to 15.6% in 1973 as a sign of economic stability and growth during Brazil's military dictatorship.

💡Military Dictatorship

A military dictatorship is a form of government where the military exercises control over the country. The script discusses the period from 1964 to 1985 in Brazil, during which the country was under military rule. This period is characterized by economic growth but also by repression, censorship, and corruption.

💡Copa do Mundo

Copa do Mundo, or World Cup, is a major international football competition. The script refers to Brazil's victory in the 1970 World Cup in Mexico, which was a significant event that boosted national morale and pride, and was celebrated with a grand reception and parade.

💡Gini Index

The Gini Index is a measure of income distribution within a country, with a higher index indicating greater inequality. The script mentions the increase in Brazil's Gini Index from 0.497 in 1960 to 0.622 in 1972, indicating a significant rise in economic inequality during the period of economic growth.

💡Itaipu Dam

The Itaipu Dam is a large hydroelectric dam on the Paraná River, located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay. The script discusses the dam as a symbol of Brazil's industrial development during the military dictatorship, but also as a source of debt and corruption.

💡Educational Investment

Educational investment refers to the allocation of resources towards education. The script critiques the low investment in education during the military dictatorship, with the World Bank study showing Brazil had the lowest public expenditure on education in Latin America at 6.5% of GDP. This underinvestment affected the quality and accessibility of education.

💡Corruption

Corruption is the dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery or embezzlement. The script mentions corruption in the context of the Itaipu Dam project, suggesting that the project was overpriced due to misuse of funds, and also discusses the mysterious death of a diplomat who was preparing to expose corruption in the project.

Highlights

On June 23, 1970, a national holiday was declared in Brazil due to the Brazilian football team's return after winning the World Cup in Mexico.

President Emílio Garrastazu Médici organized a reception in Brasília with about 200,000 people to celebrate the World Cup victory.

The Brazilian team paraded through the city and posed with the trophy at the Planalto Palace, symbolizing national pride.

Millions of people celebrated in the streets, with newspapers of the time referring to the week as a 'June Carnival' and a 'collective madness'.

The 1970 World Cup victory was seen as a reflection of Brazil's internal situation, confirming the Brazilians' faith in their country's potential and destiny.

In 1970, Brazil's GDP grew by 10.4%, inflation was at its lowest in ten years, and national industry was rapidly developing.

The years following the World Cup victory saw major infrastructure projects such as the Angra 1 nuclear power plant, the Itaipu Dam, and the Transamazonian Highway.

The Brazilian economic boom was referred to as the 'Economic Miracle,' but it hid a reality of repression, censorship, corruption, and fiscal policies that would later lead to a severe economic crisis.

The military dictatorship from 1964 to 1985 saw an average economic growth of 6.15%, significantly higher than the global and Latin American averages.

Despite economic growth, the Gini index showed increased economic inequality, with the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer.

The economic policies of the dictatorship prioritized economic growth over wealth distribution, leading to a stagnation in workers' real wages.

The dictatorship used international credit to finance industrial growth, increasing the country's dependence and external debt.

The Itaipu Dam, a major infrastructure project, left a billion-dollar debt that has not been repaid and was mired in corruption allegations.

The Brazilian military dictatorship suppressed wages and controlled unions, leading to a lack of worker representation and rights.

Despite some improvements in education during the dictatorship, the overall investment in public education was low, leading to a decline in quality.

The Brazilian military dictatorship's legacy included a high cost in terms of democracy and human rights, with problems that would persist long after its end.

The image of a promising Brazil during the 1970 World Cup contrasted with the reality of an authoritarian regime that hid its true nature.

Transcripts

play00:00

No dia 23 de Junho de 1970 foi feriado nacional no Brasil. As crianças não foram para as

play00:06

escolas, os supermercados e lojas não abriram e as repartições públicas foram fechadas.

play00:11

O motivo? Chegava no Brasil a seleção brasileira de futebol depois da conquista da da Copa

play00:16

do Mundo do México. O então presidente Emílio Garrastazu Médici organizou uma recepção

play00:21

em Brasília que reuniu cerca de 200 mil pessoas para a celebração da conquista do TRI. Os

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jogadores desfilaram pela cidade e subiram a rampa do Palácio da Planalto, onde se reuniram

play00:32

com o presidente e posaram com a taça diante da multidão.

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Em outras cidades, milhões de pessoas saíram às ruas para comemorar a vitória, os jornais

play00:42

da época se referiam àquela semana como “um Carnaval em Junho” e como “uma loucura

play00:47

coletiva”. O Brasil já tinha ganhado a Copa em 58 e 62, só que em 70 havia algo

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de diferente. Uma matéria do jornal Folha de São Paulo se referia à conquista do mundial

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como um "reflexo da situação interna do Brasil” que vinha para confirmar a “fé

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inabalável do brasileiro com as potencialidades e com o destino do país”.

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E não era à toa, naquele ano o PIB brasileiro crescia 10,4%, a inflação atingia seu menor

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índice dos últimos 10 anos e a indústria nacional se desenvolvia a passos largos. Os

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anos que se seguiram viriam acompanhados de grandes obras de infraestrutura - a usina

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nuclear Angra 1, a Hidrelétrica de Itaipu, os vastos projetos habitacionais e a ambiciosa

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Rodovia Transamazônica.

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O Brasil vivia o chamado “Milagre Econômico" e a vitória no futebol embalava um sentimento

play01:48

nacionalista de esperança, uma crença de que chegava a hora do Brasil ser grande, éramos

play01:55

o país do futuro e o futuro era naquele momento.

play02:02

Ou pelo menos, essa era a versão que a Ditadura queria que você acreditasse. Por trás da

play02:08

vitória na Copa e dos números na economia, havia um quadro de repressão e censura sistemática,

play02:15

de corrupção generalizada e de uma política fiscal que anos depois causaria uma das mais

play02:21

graves crises econômicas do país.

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Essa é a história de como a Ditadura criou o mito de um Brasil que nunca existiu.

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Era uma vez no Brasil a história de uma conspiração civil-militar que derrubou o presidente da

play02:39

República e instaurou um regime ditatorial. Essa história na verdade se repetiu algumas

play02:45

vezes por aqui, mas a que a gente vai contar hoje aconteceu lá em 1964.

play02:50

O golpe começou em 31 de Março, e no dia seguinte alguns jornais já o classificavam

play02:57

como um movimento “pela democracia”, por ironia da história, justamente no dia da

play03:02

mentira. No dia 2, o então presidente da Câmara dos Deputados Ranieri Mazzilli assumiria

play03:07

a presidência da república e ficaria por lá até que uma eleição indireta elegesse

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o primeiro presidente da Ditadura, o general Castello Branco. Depois dele e de seu governo

play03:17

viriam ainda outros quatro presidentes militares e mais de 20 anos sem democracia.

play03:23

Mas, afinal, o que foram esses 20 anos? Por que muita gente por aí ainda continua dizendo

play03:28

que essa foi a melhor época de se viver?

play03:34

De 1964 a 1985, a economia brasileira cresceu em média 6,15%, número consideravelmente

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superior à média mundial de 3,66% e da América Latina de 4,75%. No auge do milagre econômico,

play03:52

o Brasil chegou a crescer 14% em único ano. Já a inflação caiu de 92% em 1964 para

play04:02

15,6% em 1973.

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O projeto de desenvolvimento industrial fazia do Brasil uma das mais promissoras economias

play04:11

do mundo. Nos primeiros anos do regime, a indústria crescia uma média de 13,3% ao

play04:17

ano. Já as exportações brasileiras davam um salto e disputavam espaço em diferentes

play04:23

mercados do mundo.

play04:29

O Brasil cresceu, mas nem todo mundo se beneficiou com esse crescimento. No ano de 1970 - o mesmo

play04:40

ano da Copa - quando o país crescia mais de 10%, o presidente Médici disse que a economia

play04:47

ia bem, mas o povo ia mal. Ou seja, o crescimento da economia não significava uma melhora na

play04:53

vida da população. Prova disso é que o índice Gini brasileiro - que mede a concentração

play04:58

de renda - foi de 0,497 em 1960 para 0,622 em 1972, indicando uma disparada da desigualdade

play05:10

econômica no país.

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E é aí que a fantasia por trás dos números promissores e das manchetes otimistas começa

play05:18

a desaparecer… Até porque quando a gente fala de economia, não existe milagre. Segundo

play05:23

estudo da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, só no período de 1970 a 1972, os 20% mais

play05:32

pobres haviam ficado ainda mais pobres, enquanto os 10% mais ricos haviam ficado ainda mais

play05:39

ricos, aumentando seus rendimentos em torno de 68%.

play05:44

Isso aconteceu porque, o controle da inflação e o aumento da produção só foi possível

play05:49

por conta de uma política de controle e arrocho salarial. Na prática, isso quer dizer que

play05:53

nos anos do “Milagre Econômico”, os trabalhadores que ganhavam um salário mínimo não tiveram

play05:54

qualquer aumento em seu poder aquisitivo. Estima-se que durante a Ditadura, o salário

play05:55

mínimo caiu 50% em valores reais.

play05:59

É fato: havia uma crença no governo militar de que o crescimento econômico era mais importante

play06:05

do que a distribuição de renda. A Delfim Neto, ministro que comandou a economia de

play06:11

1967 a 1974, se atribuiu a famosa frase “primeiro precisamos fazer o bolo crescer, para depois

play06:19

dividi-lo”.

play06:20

Só que a hora de dividir esse bolo nunca chegou. E isso só foi possível porque no

play06:26

Brasil vigorava uma Ditadura, ou seja, as políticas econômicas não estavam sob discussão

play06:31

de toda sociedade e a restrição dos direitos políticos faziam com que os trabalhadores

play06:37

não pudessem defender suas pautas. Na verdade, a política salarial imposta pelo governo

play06:43

só aconteceu por conta de intervenções nos sindicatos e da perseguição de seus

play06:49

opositores.

play06:50

Os anos do milagre econômico foram também os anos de chumbo da Ditadura, e isso não

play06:55

foi por acaso.

play06:57

O projeto de desenvolvimento industrial, apesar de importantes contribuições dos governos

play07:02

desse período, não foi iniciado na Ditadura e já apresentava excelentes resultados antes

play07:08

dela. Por isso, tudo leva a crer que um crescimento muito satisfatório teria sido possível com

play07:18

uma política salarial justa, com “maior liberdade individual e participação da população

play07:24

nas decisões e nos ganhos do crescimento”, como já havia acontecido em anos anteriores.

play07:30

E a coisa não para por aí: quando a conta de todo esse desenvolvimento chegou: o preço

play07:36

foi alto. Justamente porque, para financiar o crescimento industrial, os militares recorreram

play07:42

ao crédito internacional, fazendo com que a dependência do país aumentasse e a dívida

play07:48

externa fosse a alturas.

play07:50

A situação ficou ainda pior quando a Crise do Petróleo de 1973 fez tudo ficar ainda

play07:56

mais caro. Assim, quando os militares deixaram o poder em 1984, a dívida estava quase quatro

play08:30

vezes maior e representava 54% do PIB.

play08:35

A herança do crescimento acelerado associado ao endividamento viria depois com a crise

play08:41

da “estagflação” e faria dos anos 80 a década perdida na economia brasileira.

play08:47

Outro grande feito da Ditadura foi a construção de importantes obras

play08:57

de infraestrutura. A Usina de Itaipu, maior usina hidrelétrica do país e carro chefe

play09:27

das obras do período, apesar de seus grandes resultados deixou uma dívida bilionária

play09:32

que até hoje não foi quitada. Segundo dados da própria empresa, o empreendimento custou

play09:38

mais de 27 bilhões de dólares, dos quais 99,2% vieram de empréstimos e financiamentos.

play09:46

Mas os problemas não pararam por aí, a Usina de Itaipu também está no centro de um dos

play09:51

problemas menos conhecidos da Ditadura: a corrupção.

play09:56

Em março de 1979 o diplomata brasileiro José Jobim foi sequestrado e dois dias depois encontrado

play10:03

morto, a investigação apontaria suicidio como causa da morte, apesar de indicios de

play10:09

agressão e tortura. A versão nunca foi aceita pela família, e em 2014, o relatório da

play10:16

Comissão Nacional da Verdade apontou que Jobim foi sequestrado, mantido em cativeiro

play10:21

por dois dias e meio e interrogado sob tortura por agentes da Ditadura. O motivo? Dias antes

play10:29

de seu sequestro, o diplomata comentou com amigos e colegas que preparava um livro de

play10:34

memórias, em que revelaria denúncias de superfaturamento na construção de Itaipu,

play10:40

amparadas por uma ampla documentação guardada pelo diplomata. Na semana seguinte, Jobim

play10:46

não seria o único a desaparecer: seus documentos e materiais de trabalho também sumiram de

play10:52

sua casa.

play10:53

O renomado embaixador teria representado o Brasil nas primeiras negociações de Itaipu

play10:59

no governo Jango, quando o projeto ainda se chamava “Sete Quedas”. A ascensão da

play11:04

Ditadura, no entanto, mudou os rumos da proposta: a obra inicialmente orçada em 1,3 bilhão

play11:11

de dólares, previa no governo militar um investimento inicial de 13 bilhões de dólares!

play11:18

E detalhe: os dois projetos possuíam a mesma capacidade de produção de energia.

play11:24

Segundo o historiador Pedro Henrique Pedreira Campos, por não ter sido feito uma apuração

play11:29

do caso à época é difícil detalhar qual foi a proporção tomada pela corrupção

play11:34

na construção da Usina, mas há indícios de desvios de verba na realização da obra

play11:39

e tudo aponta que ela saiu mais caro “devido à apropriação indevida

play12:36

de recursos”. Foi também nessa época que o índice de

play12:48

escolarização cresceu e a taxa de analfabetismo infantil diminuiu. Mas será que a educação

play12:54

naquela época era realmente melhor?

play12:57

Segundo dados do IBGE, no fim da Ditadura, 28 em cada 100 crianças de 4 a 6 anos estavam

play13:04

na escola. Para comparar: atualmente esse número é superior a 90. Cabe notar ainda

play13:09

que o analfabetismo caiu a um ritmo mais lento durante a ditadura do que durante o período

play13:14

democrático.

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Além disso, a constituição de 1967, apesar de assegurar a obrigatoriedade e gratuidade

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do ensino primário, não garantia a universalização do direito à educação - isto é, o Estado

play13:28

não tinha obrigação de levar o ensino para todo o território nacional. Assim, naquela

play13:34

época, havia menos crianças na escola do que hoje em dia: em 1970, apenas 67,1% da

play13:41

população de 7 a 14 anos frequentavam a escola, em 1985, no fim do regime, esse número

play13:48

subiu para 81,8% e atualmente é de 98,5%.

play13:53

E tem mais: não era todo mundo que podia se matricular nas escolas - na verdade, em

play13:59

muitos casos, era necessário um bom desempenho para garantia da gratuidade do ensino médio

play14:05

e superior. O resultado disso: muita gente sequer terminava de estudar.

play14:10

Apesar do aumento da oferta de educação entre 1964 e 1973 ela não se traduziu em

play14:17

uma expansão do ensino público, na verdade, boa parte desse crescimento foi puxado pelo

play14:23

ensino privado que cresceu bastante no período. Das 513 instituições de ensino superior

play14:29

criadas entre 1968 e 1976, 81% dessas eram particulares. E isso não foi por acaso: o

play14:38

incentivo ao ensino privado associado a um baixo investimento em educação era uma política

play14:44

educacional dos governos militares.

play14:47

Quase no fim da ditadura, em 1982, um estudo publicado pelo Banco Mundial demonstrou que

play14:51

o Brasil tinha o menor percentual de gasto público em educação da América Latina:

play14:57

6,5% do PIB! E o resultado desse baixo investimento era percebido na infraestrutura precária

play15:05

de escolas e na baixa valorização dos professores - só na região Nordeste, 36% do quadro docente

play15:13

tinha apenas o 1º grau completo.

play15:15

Ou seja, a melhora em alguns índices de educação durante a Ditadura esconde um processo de

play15:20

desinvestimento que acabou por sucatear o ensino público e relativizar seu princípio

play15:26

de gratuidade. Por isso, é até possível dizer que o Brasil

play15:30

cresceu e se desenvolveu durante o período da Ditadura Militar, mas o custo de mais de

play15:35

20 anos sem democracia foi alto e o progresso adquirido na época trouxe problemas que só

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seriam superados anos depois. A imagem de um Brasil promissor lá na Copa de 70 se tornaria,

play15:48

com o tempo, o retrato distante de um regime autoritário que escondia sua verdadeira face.

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Brazil1970World CupDictatorshipEconomic MiracleHistoryPoliticsRepressionCorruptionNationalism
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