AP Human Geography Unit 1 Review (Everything You NEED to Know!)
Summary
TLDRThis AP Human Geography unit summary video covers key concepts from Unit 1, including map projections, types of maps, geographic data collection, and analysis. It introduces various projections like Mercator and Gall-Peters, explaining their distortions and uses. The video also discusses reference and thematic maps, absolute vs. relative distance and direction, and geographic data collection methods. It further explores qualitative and quantitative data, the importance of scale in analysis, and the impact of technology on spatial interaction. The study guide provided with the video ensures comprehensive understanding and preparation for exams.
Takeaways
- 🌍 Maps are distorted images of the globe, with every projection having some form of distortion in direction, shape, area, or distance.
- 🗺️ Key map projections for AP Human Geography include Mercator, Goode Homolosine, Robinson, and Gall-Peters, each with its own strengths and distortions.
- 🏞️ Reference maps provide general information, while thematic maps display spatial patterns and quantitative data for specific topics.
- 📏 Understanding concepts of absolute and relative distance and direction is crucial for geographic analysis.
- 🔍 Thematic maps include chloropleth, dot density, graduated symbol, isoline, cartogram, and flowline maps, each showing data differently.
- 🌐 Geographic data is collected through remote sensing, field observations, personal interviews, media reports, government documents, travel narratives, landscape analysis, and photo analysis.
- 📊 Data can be qualitative, subjective, and open to interpretation, or quantitative, objective, and concrete.
- 🌐 Geographic data is used by governments, businesses, and individuals at various scales to make informed decisions and understand spatial patterns.
- 📍 Concepts of absolute and relative location, sense of place, and placelessness are important for understanding human interactions with the environment.
- 🌿 Human-environment interaction involves societies impacting the environment and being influenced by it, with concepts like environmental determinism and possibilism explaining this relationship.
- 🏡 Land use patterns, such as agricultural, industrial, commercial, residential, recreational, and transportational, reflect a society's values and needs.
Q & A
What is the primary focus of Unit 1 in AP Human Geography?
-The primary focus of Unit 1 in AP Human Geography is understanding maps, including different map projections, types of maps, and the concept of distortion inherent in all maps.
Why is it impossible to create a perfect map projection?
-It is impossible to create a perfect map projection because when projecting a three-dimensional globe onto a two-dimensional surface, there will always be distortion in at least one aspect: direction, shape, area, or distance.
What are the four main types of map projections mentioned in the script?
-The four main types of map projections mentioned are the Mercator, the Goode Homolosine, the Robinson, and the Gall-Peters projections.
How does the Mercator map projection distort the size of land masses?
-The Mercator map projection significantly distorts the size of land masses, especially near the poles, making areas like Greenland appear larger than they actually are compared to the equatorial regions.
What are the two broad categories of maps discussed in the script?
-The two broad categories of maps discussed are reference maps and thematic maps. Reference maps provide general information about geographic features, while thematic maps display spatial patterns and use quantitative data for specific topics.
What is the difference between absolute and relative distance?
-Absolute distance is the exact measurement in miles or kilometers between two places, whereas relative distance is an approximate measurement that gives a general idea of the travel time or effort required to move between two locations.
How does a dot density map represent data?
-A dot density map represents data by placing points on a map where the data is occurring, allowing the reader to see the spatial distribution of data, which can become confusing if the data points are clustered together.
What is remote sensing and how is it used in geography?
-Remote sensing is a process of collecting information about the world from satellites orbiting the Earth. It helps understand changes over time and is used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to create thematic maps that show spatial patterns.
What are the two main categories of geographic data?
-The two main categories of geographic data are qualitative data, which is subjective and often in word form, and quantitative data, which is objective, concrete, and often in numerical form.
How does changing the scale of a map affect the level of detail and generalizations used?
-Changing the scale of a map affects the level of detail and generalizations by allowing more detailed views with less generalization at larger scales (zoomed in) and broader, more generalized views at smaller scales (zoomed out).
What is the concept of time-space compression in the context of geography?
-Time-space compression is the phenomenon where advancements in technology, transportation, and communication make the world feel smaller by making it easier to interact with places and people across the globe, reducing the impact of distance decay.
What are the three main types of regions in geography?
-The three main types of regions in geography are formal regions, which have common attributes; functional regions, which are organized around a central point or node; and perceptual regions, which are based on people's opinions and feelings about an area.
Outlines
🗺️ Map Projections and Types of Maps
This section introduces the concept of map projections, explaining that every map is a distorted representation of the Earth due to the impossibility of perfectly projecting a three-dimensional object onto a two-dimensional surface. It mentions several projections, including the Mercator, which is good for direction but distorts size, and the Goode Homolosine, which shows true area but distorts distance. The Robinson and Gall-Peters projections are also mentioned for their respective approaches to distortion. The paragraph then differentiates between reference maps, which provide general information, and thematic maps, which display specific data. Reference maps can include topographic maps, while thematic maps can utilize various techniques like chloropleth, dot density, graduated symbol, isoline, cartogram, and flowline maps.
🌍 Understanding Geographic Data
This part discusses how geographers collect and categorize geographic data. Remote sensing, using satellites to gather information about Earth, is highlighted as a method that aids in understanding spatial patterns over time. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are introduced as tools for analyzing and displaying layered maps. The use of GPS for absolute location is also mentioned. Other data collection methods include field observations, personal interviews, media reports, government documents, travel narratives, landscape analysis, and photo analysis. The paragraph distinguishes between qualitative and quantitative data, explaining that qualitative data is subjective and open to interpretation, while quantitative data is objective and concrete.
🔍 Scale and Geographic Data Application
The focus here is on how geographic data is applied at different scales, from local to global. It emphasizes that changing the scale of analysis provides different insights into data. Local governments might use data for zoning and planning, while national governments might create laws and programs based on regional data. Global organizations like the UN use data to address worldwide issues. Businesses use geospatial data for market analysis and operational decisions, and individuals use it for navigation and understanding local conditions. The importance of understanding spatial patterns and generalizations at different scales is stressed.
🏞️ Place and Environmental Interaction
This section delves into the characteristics that define a place, including both physical features like rivers and climate, and human features like language and culture. It introduces the concept of 'sense of place,' which is the emotional connection to a location, and contrasts it with 'placelessness,' where a location lacks identity. The spatial associations within a place, such as concentration, density, and patterns, are discussed as a way to understand the flow, use, and culture of an area. The paragraph also touches on how advancements in technology have led to 'time-space compression,' making the world feel smaller and reducing the impact of distance decay, a concept that describes the decreased likelihood of interaction with increased distance.
🌱 Human-Environment Interaction and Land Use
This part examines how society interacts with the environment, discussing the historical concept of environmental determinism, which posits that the environment dictates societal success, and its critique leading to the concept of environmental possibilism, which allows for human adaptation and influence on the environment. It outlines different types of land use, including agricultural, industrial, commercial, residential, recreational, and transportational. The importance of sustainable policies in using natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable, is emphasized to ensure the needs of the present are met without compromising the future.
🌐 Scale of Analysis and Regional Analysis
The final section explains the concept of scale in mapping and analysis, distinguishing between global, national, regional, and local scales. It clarifies that as the scale becomes smaller (more local), more details are visible, and as it becomes larger (more global), the information becomes more generalized. The section also introduces the idea of regions defined by unique characteristics or activities, including formal regions, functional regions, and perceptual regions. It notes that regions can change, overlap, and become contested, especially when viewed at different scales.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Map Projections
💡Distortion
💡Reference Maps
💡Thematic Maps
💡Geospatial Technologies
💡Spatial Analysis
💡Qualitative Data
💡Quantitative Data
💡Scale
💡Regional Analysis
💡Place
Highlights
Introduction to AP Human Geography Unit 1 summary video
Study guide available for download to accompany the video
Importance of understanding map projections and their distortions
Explanation of Mercator, Goode's Homolosine, and Robinson map projections
Discussion on Gall-Peters projection for accurate land mass representation
Differentiation between reference maps and thematic maps
Description of topographic maps and their use in displaying terrain
Explanation of absolute and relative distance and direction
Use of chloropleth, dot density, and graduated symbol maps in thematic mapping
Introduction to isoline and cartogram maps for displaying data
Importance of understanding how to read different types of maps
Collection of geographic data through remote sensing and GIS
Use of GPS for absolute location and navigation
Different methods of data collection by geographers
Explanation of qualitative and quantitative data in geography
Impact of changing scale on geographic data insights
Use of geographic data by governments for planning and decision-making
Business applications of geospatial data for market understanding
Individual use of geographic data in daily life for navigation and decision-making
Concept of absolute and relative location in geography
Importance of place and the development of sense of place
Discussion on placelessness and its causes
Observation of spatial associations within a place
Impact of time-space compression on the interconnectedness of the world
Concept of distance decay and its diminishing effect due to technology
Interaction between humans and the environment in land use
Different types of land use and their societal implications
Importance of sustainability in the consumption of natural resources
Explanation of scale and scale of analysis in geography
Types of regions and their characteristics
Conclusion of Unit 1 and preparation for Unit 2
Transcripts
Hello there geographers and welcome to the first unit summary video for AP Human Geography in this
video we will be reviewing all of the major Concepts that you need to know from unit 1 of
AP Human Geography now before we get started I need you to click the link in the description of
this video to get the study guide that goes along with the video the study guide can be found in my
Ultimate Review Packet it goes along with this video and will make sure that you remember all
of the major concepts in this unit. When you get the study guide don't forget to check out the rest
of the packet as well the packet has unit review videos for each unit practice quizzes study guides
answer keys full practice AP exams FRQ resources important vocab lists exclusive videos and other
resources to help you get not only an A in your class but a five on the national exam. So now that
you have your study guide out and you are ready to go let's review unit one. Now the first part of
this unit is all about maps and right away we need to remember that whenever we are looking at a map
we are looking at a distorted image of the globe. Every map projection has distortion in either
the direction shape area or distance. This happens because you can't take a three-dimensional object
such as a globe and perfectly project it onto a two-dimensional surface. There are hundreds and
hundreds of different map projections and each of them have different uses. But for AP Human
Geography you only have to be familiar with a few. The Mercator map projection is a conformal
projection and is excellent at showing accurate direction, which is one of the reasons why it was
used for naval expedition. But this projection has significant distortion in the size and location
of land Maps which we can clearly see when looking at Greenland and Africa the map gives the illusion
that Greenland is larger than Africa when in reality Africa is more than 14 times larger than
Greenland the good homo scene projection is an equal area pseudo-cylindrical projection it does
a great job at showing the true size and shape of land masses but has Distortion in distances near
the edges of the map it is not helpful for direction since it is is an interrupted man
remember interrupted Maps try to remove Distortion by removing parts of the globe while uninterrupted
Maps do not remove any parts of the globe which may cause more Distortion in some areas of the
map the Robinson projection has more Distortion near the poles which helps preserve the size and
shape of land map but in its effort to minimize Distortion it ends up spreading the Distortion
out across the entire map for all areas next is the gall Peters projection which is one of the
more accurate map projections at showing the true size of the earth's land mass but at the
same time this projection does have significant Distortion with the shape of land masses and
also Direction remember the fundamental problem that every map has is Distortion moving on from
map projections to types of maps we can see their two broad categories reference maps and thematic
Maps reference maps are informational Maps these Maps show boundaries the toponym and geographic
features of a play reference maps are often used for Direct actions to display property lines
political boundaries elevation changes public transportation routes or to show key features
of a place one type of reference map you'll want to be familiar with is a topographic map these
Maps use contour lines to display the terrain and elevation changes in an area the closer the
lines are together the steeper the train is the more space there is between the lines the less
elevation is changing now before we move on to thematic Maps I want to quickly review absolute
and relative distance and also Direction absolute direction is the exact Direction you are heading
for example if you are traveling south the compass would be at 180 degrees while relative Direction
depends on the surrounding area for example here you can see that the yellow circle is north of
the blue circle notice the direction depends on the location of the other circle now absolute
distance is the exact distance between two places it's normally measured in miles or kilometers and
relative distance is the approximate measurement between two places for example if you want to
drive from Minneapolis to Orlando it would take about 23 hours next we have thematic Maps which
display spatial patterns of places and use quantitative data to display specific topics
throughout AP Human Geography you will see a variety of different thematic maps chloropluff
maps display data by using different colors or different shades of color with each color or
shade of a color showing a different quantity of the data set dot density Maps show data by placing
points on a map where the data is occurring this allows the reader to see the spatial distribution
of data but can be confusing if the data is clustered together remember when we are using
spatial analysis we will come across information that is clustered together for example notice on
the screen right now these circles have little space between them the circles here are packed
together but if we spread the circles out over a geographic area we can see that now the circles
are dispersed you will hear these terms come up throughout the entire year so make sure you are
familiar with them for example when looking at this dot density map of the United States we can
see that people are more clustered together in the east coast and are more dispersed in
areas such as the Dakotas or States like Wyoming Montana or Nebraska going on to our next thematic
map we have a graduated symbol map which uses shapes items or symbols to show the location
and the amount of data these Maps can be very visual but sometimes can be confusing due to the
overlapping information isoline Maps use lines to connect different areas that have similar or
equal amounts of data a common example of this would be a weather map that shows areas with
similar temperature then there is a cartograph map which shows data in a dynamic way with the
greatest value represented by the largest area for example we can see in this cartogram that China
and India have larger populations than Canada and Bahrain lastly there are flowline maps which are
great at showing the movement of different Goods people animals services or ideas between different
places now while being able to identify these Maps is one thing it's more important that you
understand how to read so once you're done with this video go back to my ultimate review packet
and take the map quiz once you finish the quiz you can also check out my video breaking down
each question we've been talking about maps and looking at different ways they can be used but
we need to also go over Geographic data how it is collected and also how it is categorized one
of the ways in which geographers can collect data is through remote sensing which is a process of
collecting information about the world from satellites that are orbiting the Earth this
information can help us better understand changes that occur in different places over
time and can be used in geographic information systems to create thematic Maps which help us
better understand spatial patterns remember a GIS is a computer system that can collect analyze and
display Geographic data it creates layered Maps which gives geographers insight into the spatial
associations and patterns of a place satellites are also helpful at providing an absolute location
through the global positioning system or GPS for sure today people use GPS to help navigate between
different places or to find specific spots on the Earth's surface these three different Technologies
are all known as geospatial Technologies and they allow different businesses people governments and
also organizations to locate places and visualize Geographic data but those are not the only ways
in which geographers collect data there are also field observations which are done by having people
visit a place in the real world and record their first-hand observation which is great at getting
accurate data but can also be costly and sometimes hard to get another in person or sometimes digital
approach to Gathering data is through personal interviews here geographers can learn about a
place and collect individuals unique perspectives by asking different questions to gain insight into
an area media reports can also be used to better understand what people in an area are experiencing
and what is happening to that area newspapers online line articles or local news stations all
give different insights into a place or data can be collected by looking at government documents
the laws that are put in place in an area show cultural values and priority they also provide
insight into the different systems that govern a place which can help geographers better understand
what happened at a place what is happening now and what might happen in the future then there
are travel narratives which unlike government documents or media reports show a more personal
perspective here geographers can gain insight into individuals experiences and observations of
places while they were visiting or living in the area lastly we can see data be acquired through
landscape analysis and photo analysis this helps geographers better understand changes to an area
and can show the impact humans may have had on the environment this is done by studying images
captured by geospatial technology looking at photographs or observing video recordings of
a play your geographers can look at Wildlife vegetation the geography and other physical
elements of a place photo analysis is a skill you will definitely want to be familiar with for both
your class and for the national exam now before we go on to talk about different types of data I
want to make sure you're comfortable with doing photo analysis pause this video and complete the
table in your study guide once you're done with the video you'll be able to go and check the
answer key in the ultimate review packet to make sure that you're understanding these contents all
right so when we look at data we can see there are two main categories of data qualitative
data and quantitative data qualitative data is information that is often in word form and is up
for interpretation debate and discussion this data is subjective and will differ depending on who has
collecting it and how it is being collected this type of data is often collected through
observations and interviews an example of this data would be the approval rating of your school's
lunch food notice here that the information will differ every time you conduct your survey well
on the other hand quantitative data is often in number form and is not up for debate this
information is concrete and is objective not subjective this information may be collected by
a country's census which is an official count of a population which includes a variety of demographic
data such as age education level housing status sex and more an example of this data would be the
demographic breakdown of India where we could look at the population pyramid to better understand how
many people are in each age called if you do need more help with practicing qualitative and
quantitative data you can also find exclusive videos and resources in the ultimate review
packet to help you practice these Concepts Okay so we've covered now how to collect Geographic data
but now we need to talk about what we can use that Geographic data for to start we have to remember
that when we change our scale we gain different insight into Geographic data which makes sense
if I'm looking at a local scale I'm not seeing much of the Earth's surface but I'm able to see
lots of details of an area this would be great for understanding exactly where data points are
occurring but if I change my scale to a national scale I lose some of the finer details however I
am now able to see different spatial relationships occurring within a country's boundary lastly if we
use a small scale map and look at a global scale we are able to see even more patterns but also end
up relying more on generalization governments use Geographic data to better understand their
constituents needs and to better understand how to plan for the future we look at the local level
we can see City governments use quantitative and qualitative data to make decisions about zoning to
plan for the future growth of their settlement to do this they will look at data such as population
changes to understand the needs of their residents for example if the population is very young they
will need to get funding for a new school or if the population is older they will invest more in
health care services if we change our scale to a regional scale we can see Regional governments
such as state governments in the United States that will use data to allocate State funds for
infrastructure projects social services and pass laws for the region to reflect the needs and
wants of the people nationally we can see Federal governments who use data to decide what federal
laws and programs should be created and kept in place oftentimes National governments will look at
what Regional governments have done to see if it would work on a national scale on a global scale
we can look at supernational organizations such as the United Nations which looks at the current
state of the world these organizations look at geospatial data to help counter Roar famine
epidemics and conflicts between different nations all to help make the world a better place and it
isn't just governments that use data businesses do as well businesses use geospatial data to not only
understand the needs and wants of their customers but also their operation on a local scale
businesses may use information that is organized by census tracts to better understand the median
income of an area this will allow them to open stores in neighborhoods where their customers
are located on a regional scale businesses can compare different store sales to look for areas
that are more favorable for the business such as regions that have a lower tax rate for businesses
or a higher percentage of of workers with the skills that are desirable nationally businesses
look to see how different stores and offices are performing around the country to better identify
good company policy businesses will also look for trends that are occurring nationally which
could be used to increase productivity and sales of regional branches if we change our scale to
the global scale we can see that businesses will look for new sources of resources workers ideas
and markets to expand their business too they will use Geographic data to understand changes in the
global market to look for developing economy for either the production of goods or possibly new
markets to sell their goods lastly individuals use Geographic data in their lives as well on a
local scale we can see people use geospatial data to help get them from place a to place B by using
their GPS individuals looking to move into a new house might use thematic maps to look at crime
rates in a neighborhood commute times or check to see what services exist in an area on a regional
scale we can see individuals look at different opportunities in an area and compare them to
the surrounding region for example in the United States the 50 states often have similar laws and
systems in place but each state does differ in their legislative policies which allows people
to compare the performance of each state to see which policies work the best on a national
scale individuals will look at how their country performs economically and socially when trying
to decide which individuals to vote for oftentimes individuals look at different data and information
to inform themselves on the type of leadership they want for their country lastly we could look
at the global scale where individuals look at geospatial data to better understand the world
in which they live compare different countries and to gain insight into the different Global Systems
that impact them notice how each time we change our scale we gain different levels of insight into
the data and the more that we start to zoom out the more General the data become now we've been
talking for a while now about different Geographic data and how it can show different spatial
patterns but let's dive deeper into some some of these spatial Concepts we've been talking about to
start you want to make sure that you remember the difference between absolute and relative location
and notice that I said location not direction or distance we already talked about those terms
earlier in this video absolute location is an exact location on the Earth's surface it uses
longitude and latitude think about your phone and GPS the name of a location may change over
time but those coordinates will always remain the same relative location on the other hand is the
relation a place has to the surrounding area for example if I was to describe my location using
the different buildings around me or geographic features of the area it's not exact like absolute
location but it can still help you with figuring out a person's location so when talking about a
place we're talking about its physical and human characteristics physical characteristics are
things like rivers mountains vegetation or climate of an area whereas the human characteristics would
be things such as the languages spoken in an area the religions that are practiced the amount
of people living in a place the culture that are present in the area or other General demographic
data both physical and human characteristics provide a location a sense of place this is an
emotional response that helps form a person's perception of a play the more unique a place
is or the more memories you have of a place the stronger the sense of place now sometimes certain
locations do not invoke any strong feelings from people and they lack the unique features
that help the location stand out this could cause the location to have placelessness which is when
a play seems to lack in identity one of the ways we can gain insight into a place is by observing
the spatial associations that exist within a place when looking at a place geographers will
look at the spatial distribution of the plate which consists of density concentration and
any patterns that may be present concentration looks at how things are spread out objects may
be clustered together or dispersed density looks at the amount of objects or people in an area
for example urban areas are often more densely populated since more people live there compared
to rural areas lastly pattern is the arrangement of things in an area such as if objects are in a
grid formation or a linear pattern when we observe different spatial distributions of a place we can
gain a better understanding of the flow the use the purpose and culture of that place for example
look around your classroom the next time you are in it how are the desks arranged are they spaced
out facing the front of the room or are they clustered together in pots each of these different
Arrangements tells you something about how the classroom will be used if the desks are all in
a line facing the front of the room with space between the desks odds are you'll be listening
to the teacher more and talking with your peers a lot but if your deaths are clustered together you
will probably be talking with your peers working on group projects or having more interactions with
other students so we can see that we can learn a lot about a place just from observing it but
in order to truly understand a place we also need to understand its connections with other places
the world today is more connected than ever before thanks to advancements in technology
apology and communication it's easier than ever to travel communicate trade and interact with
places and people all over the world all of these connections make the world feel that much smaller
this phenomenon is known as time space compression traditionally places and people were impacted more
by distance Decay which is a geographic concept that looks at How likely a person or place is to
interact with another person or play the farther the people or places are apart the less likely
they are to interact this is why you're more likely to hang out with people that attend your
school instead of a school on the other side of town or why you are more likely to shop at
stores near you instead of in another city but thanks to the advancements in technology the
impact of distance Decay has decreased as it's become easier than ever to interact with other
places and people around the world Okay so we've been talking about how places interact with other
places but now we need to talk about how places interact with the environment when looking at
human environment interaction we can see that society and impacts the environment and the
environment in turn impacts Society the idea of environmental determinism looked at this
relationship between the environment and society and while it is no longer as widely accepted it
still provides us insight into the role of the environment and Society determinism believes that
the environment dictates the success of a society certain environments allow for a society to thrive
and succeed while other environments restrict a society over time people started to criticize
environmental determinism for promoting European imperialism and for discounting the role of humans
and their ability to adapt to adversity the day many people believe in environmental possibilism
which is the idea that the environment puts a limits on a society but people have the ability to
adjust the physical environment and create their own success remember environmental determinism
believes that the environment determines the culture and possibilism believes that the
environment and culture both influence each other one of the ways in which we can see society today
change their local environment is by repurposing their land for specific purposes this is known as
land land that is used for agricultural use is utilized for the production of different
agricultural products both for human consumption and animal consumption land used for industrial
land consists of factories and Manufacturing facilities that produce different products for
society land designated for commercial use is for businesses and stores to sell their final goods
and services then there is residential land use which is a land that is designated for people to
live on and build homes recreational land use is land that's been set aside for people in society
to relax and unwind such as land dedicated to football stadiums Parks or campsites and
lastly there is transportational land use which is the land that is designated for roads railroads
airports ports or public transportation such as Subway this is what allows people and goods
to get around a society by understanding the society's land use patterns we gain insight
into what industries they prioritize what cultural values they have and how Society designates their
land to meet the different wants and needs of their people now when societies seek to meet
their wants and needs they will consume natural resources which are resources that are produced
in nature natural resources consist of renewable resources such as crops and trees these resources
can be used multiple times without running out then there is non-renewable resources such as
oil and natural gas once the resources used it's gone it's important that societies around the
world create sustainable policies to help their society become more sustainable when societies are
sustainable they ensure that they use the Earth's natural resources in a manner that allows them to
meet their wants and needs without compromising future Generations from doing the same Okay
so we've talked about the environment places spatial associations and data but now we need
to talk about scale and scale of analysis remember scale is the distance on a map in relation to the
corresponding distance on the Earth's surface there is a global scale national scale Regional
scale and local scale and if we want to get even more detailed with our scale we can also look
at categories such as the sub-national scale or sub-state scale which is below the national scale
this would include looking at a map of a city county region or even a census tract which is one
of the smallest classifications of a geographic area now in talking about scales of analysis we
will still use global national regional and local scale but with scales of analysis we're trying to
understand how the information and data is being organized and presented a global scale of analysis
does not use country's boundaries to present the information instead it shows Global pattern
the information here is not connected to any one country making this map here a global scale map
and a global scale of analysis a national scale of analysis has the data and information organized
by the country here we can see we have a global scale map but notice how the data is organized
by each country since the data is connected to specific countries it makes us a national scale
of analysis or Regional scale of analysis can be displayed in a variety of different ways but
here we can see that we have a national scale map however the information is being organized into
different Federal Reserve Districts making this a regional scale of analysis lastly here we can
see we have a local scale of analysis notice how the information that is being presented in this
map is organized by the different counties in the United States one thing you'll want to notice is
that as we change our scale from a global scale to a local scale you're able to get more details in
the information small scale Maps such as this one use more generalizations to present the data since
the maps are more zoomed out while large-scale Maps such as this one have more details and use
less generalization since the maps are zoomed in oftentimes students get confused with small
and large-scale Maps remember small scale maps are zoomed out and large-scale maps are zoomed
in whenever we change our scale we can observe different spatial associations patterns and gain
insight into different Geographic areas scale and scale of analysis can be confusing for students so
what I want you to do now is complete the table in your study guide if you need help completing
the table you can also check out my exclusive videos and practice problems in the ultimate
review packet to help you make sure that you're understanding everything all right now moving on
from scale of analysis to Regional analysis we can see that we have three main different types
of regions remember a region is a geographic area that is defined by one or more unique
characteristics or certain patterns of activity there are formal regions also known as uniform
regions these are Geographic areas that have common attributes and are traditionally defined
by economic political social or environmental characteristics for example political boundaries
in Latin America create formal regions that are State or the Rocky Mountains create a formal
physical region in the United States functional regions also known as nodal regions are Geographic
areas that are organized around a node or Center Point oftentimes the node or Center Point is based
around a specific economic activity travel or communication airports radio stations power
plants or subway stations all create functional regions lastly there are perceptual regions also
known as vernacular regions these are Geographic areas that are linked together due to people's
opinions attitudes feelings or beliefs on the region these regions exist in people's minds and
do not have a perfect definition these regions will differ depending on who you talk to for
example the Middle East is a perceptual region depending on who you talk to each person has a
different idea of what countries are part of the Middle East one general rule of thumb to remember
is that if a region is based on the cardinal directions it is most likely a perceptual
region since when using cardinal directions we are looking at relative location and direction
over time we see regions change overlap and become contested this is especially true if we change our
scale of our information and there you have it geographers we are done with unit one now don't
forget to check your answers to the study guide in the answer key in my ultimate review pack and
also take the unit one practice quiz to make sure you're ready for your unit one test remember if
you found value in this video and you want to see more human geography content then also make sure
to subscribe and join me for unit 2. as always I'm Mr. Sinn and I will see you next time online
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