Life processes Full chapter | class 10 Animated video | 10th BIOLOGY | ncert #science | Chapter 6
Summary
TLDRThis educational script delves into life processes essential for the survival of organisms, focusing on nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. It explains autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition, detailing plant photosynthesis and the human digestive system. The script further explores aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the human respiratory and circulatory systems, and plant transportation mechanisms. It concludes with an overview of excretion in both humans and plants, highlighting the importance of eliminating waste for maintaining life.
Takeaways
- 🌿 Life processes are essential for the survival of organisms, including nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.
- 🍃 Autotrophic nutrition, such as photosynthesis in plants, involves the production of glucose and oxygen using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
- 🌱 Heterotrophic nutrition is the consumption of other organisms for energy, including holozoic, saprophytic, and parasitic nutrition.
- 🌞 The process of photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts and is divided into light-dependent reactions in the thylakoid membranes and light-independent reactions in the stroma.
- 🌬 Respiration is the process of energy release from nutrients, with aerobic respiration requiring oxygen and anaerobic respiration not needing it.
- 💨 The human respiratory system involves the intake of oxygen through the nose and mouth, and the exchange of gases in the alveoli of the lungs.
- 🚀 The human circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, and waste materials throughout the body via the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
- 🌊 Plant transport systems, including xylem and phloem, facilitate the movement of water and nutrients throughout the plant.
- 💦 Transpiration in plants helps in the uptake and movement of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
- 🚰 Excretion is the elimination of waste products from organisms, with humans using a complex excretory system involving kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
- 🌳 Plants excrete waste through various means, including releasing gases like oxygen, shedding leaves, and storing waste in cellular vacuoles or excreting it into the soil.
Q & A
What is the primary reason for the continuous movement of molecules in and out of a cell?
-The continuous movement of molecules in and out of a cell is required for the cell to survive, as it allows the cell to get energy and build new complex molecules while also sending out waste molecules generated during metabolic activities.
How do plants obtain carbon dioxide for photosynthesis?
-Plants obtain carbon dioxide through tiny pores called stomata located on the surface of leaves. The opening and closing of stomatal pores are regulated by specialized cells called guard cells to prevent excessive water loss.
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis in plants?
-The chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6 CO2 + 12 H2O, which gives rise to C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 (oxygen) + 6 H2O (water), taking place in the presence of sunlight and with the help of chlorophyll.
How do plants acquire water necessary for photosynthesis?
-Plants acquire water from the soil through their roots. The process involves the active transport of ions, which creates a concentration difference that allows water to enter the roots.
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
-Chlorophyll is the green pigment present in the chloroplasts of plant cells that absorbs sunlight and gets activated. It plays a crucial role in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where it splits water molecules and uses the hydrogen to form glucose.
What are the different types of nutrition in living organisms?
-The different types of nutrition are autotrophic nutrition, where organisms make their own food using inorganic substances, and heterotrophic nutrition, where organisms obtain readymade organic food by consuming other organisms.
How does heterotrophic nutrition differ from autotrophic nutrition?
-Heterotrophic nutrition involves obtaining food by consuming other organisms, whereas autotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms like green plants, algae, and some bacteria make their own food using simple inorganic substances with sunlight as the energy source.
What is the role of the digestive system in human beings?
-The human digestive system is responsible for the ingestion, digestion, absorption, and excretion of food. It begins with the mouth and ends with the anus, with accessory glands like the liver, pancreas, and salivary glands aiding in the digestion process.
How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic respiration in terms of energy release and oxygen requirement?
-Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and releases more energy compared to anaerobic respiration. In aerobic respiration, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, producing ATP. Anaerobic respiration, on the other hand, does not require oxygen and results in less ATP production, often leading to the production of lactic acid or ethanol.
What is the function of the lymphatic system in the human body?
-The lymphatic system functions to absorb digested fats in the intestines, collect extracellular fluid, and return it to the bloodstream. It also plays a role in immune response by transporting white blood cells and removing waste products from tissues.
How do plants transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body?
-Plants transport water and nutrients through two types of tissues: xylem, which transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves, and phloem, which transports food materials like glucose throughout the plant for growth and energy.
What is the process of excretion in plants, and how does it differ from that in animals?
-In plants, excretion involves releasing waste products such as oxygen through stomata, shedding old leaves to get rid of stored waste, and excreting substances like resins and gums for defense. In contrast, animals have specialized organs for excretion, such as kidneys in humans, which filter waste from the blood and excrete it as urine.
Outlines
🌿 Cellular Life Processes and Nutrition
This paragraph introduces the fundamental life processes that occur within cells, emphasizing the necessity for a continuous exchange of molecules for energy and waste management. It explains that organisms, composed of millions of cells, rely on these processes for survival. The paragraph delves into the concept of nutrition, which is vital for life, and distinguishes between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition. Autotrophic organisms, such as plants and certain bacteria, produce their own food through photosynthesis, utilizing inorganic substances and sunlight. The process is described in detail, including the chemical equation and the role of chlorophyll. The paragraph also explains how plants acquire raw materials for photosynthesis, including the function of stomata and guard cells in gas exchange regulation.
🌱 Photosynthesis and its Mechanism
This section explores the process of photosynthesis in greater depth, discussing the experiments that demonstrate the necessity of chlorophyll and carbon dioxide for this process. It describes the variegated leaf experiment, which shows that photosynthesis occurs in the green areas of leaves due to the presence of chlorophyll. Another experiment illustrates the importance of carbon dioxide, using potassium hydroxide to absorb it and comparing starch production in plants. The paragraph further explains the location and mechanism of photosynthesis, occurring in chloroplasts within the leaves. It details the structure of chloroplasts, including the thylakoids and stroma, and outlines the steps of photosynthesis, from the absorption of light by chlorophyll to the production of glucose and oxygen.
🍽️ Heterotrophic Nutrition and Digestion
The paragraph discusses heterotrophic nutrition, where organisms obtain food by consuming other organisms. It outlines the different types of heterotrophic nutrition: holozoic, saprophytic, and parasitic. Holozoic nutrition is described as the ingestion and digestion of solid organic material, common in most animals, including humans. Saprophytic nutrition involves breaking down dead organic matter with enzymes, exhibited by fungi and certain bacteria. Parasitic nutrition is characterized by deriving nutrients from a host organism. The paragraph also explains the process of digestion in humans, starting from the mouth and ending at the anus, with a focus on the role of different digestive organs and enzymes in breaking down food into simpler substances for absorption.
🔁 Respiration and Energy Production
This paragraph delves into the concept of respiration, a chemical reaction within cells that releases energy from nutrients like glucose. It differentiates between aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen and occurs in organisms such as animals and plants, and anaerobic respiration, which does not require oxygen and is found in some bacteria and yeast. The paragraph explains the process of aerobic respiration, detailing how glucose is broken down into pyruvate, which then enters the mitochondria to be further converted into water and carbon dioxide, releasing energy to form ATP. It also discusses anaerobic respiration, where pyruvate is converted into lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide, depending on the organism. The importance of oxygen supply for aerobic respiration is highlighted, with a brief mention of how different organisms obtain oxygen.
💨 Breathing and the Human Respiratory System
The paragraph focuses on the human respiratory system, detailing its structure and function in the process of breathing. It describes the journey of air from the nostrils through the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs. The paragraph explains how oxygen is absorbed into the blood and carbon dioxide is expelled. It also discusses the transportation of oxygen by hemoglobin in red blood cells and carbon dioxide in a dissolved state. The respiratory system's adaptation to different environments, such as terrestrial and aquatic, is briefly mentioned, along with the rate of breathing in relation to the availability of dissolved oxygen.
🚀 The Human Circulatory System
This section provides an in-depth look at the human circulatory system, which is responsible for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste materials throughout the body. It explains the composition of blood, the function of the heart as a pumping organ, and the types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. The paragraph details the process of blood circulation, distinguishing between single-circuit and double-circuit circulation found in different animals. It also discusses blood pressure, the role of blood platelets in clotting, and the lymphatic system's function in returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and absorbing digested fats.
🌳 Plant Transportation and Support
The paragraph discusses the unique transportation systems in plants, which include the xylem for water transport and the phloem for food transport. It explains how water is absorbed by roots and moved up the plant through a combination of root pressure, transpiration, and the continuous column of water in the xylem. The role of transpiration in creating a suction effect that aids in water movement is highlighted. The paragraph also describes how food materials, such as glucose, are transported through the phloem in response to the plant's needs, utilizing energy from ATP to create osmotic pressure that drives the movement of substances.
🚰 Excretion in Animals and Plants
This paragraph explores the process of excretion, which is essential for eliminating waste products from metabolic activities in living organisms. It describes the excretory system in humans, including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, and how they filter and remove waste through the formation of urine. The paragraph also discusses the different methods plants use to excrete waste, such as releasing oxygen and excess water through stomata, shedding leaves, storing waste in dead cells, and excreting substances like resins and gums for defense and waste management.
📚 Conclusion and Call to Action
The final paragraph serves as a conclusion to the video, summarizing the main points covered in the chapter on life processes. It encourages viewers to like, share, and subscribe to the channel for more informative content. It also prompts viewers to press the Bell icon to receive updates and to check the description for links to other useful videos and the end screens for new video releases.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Life Processes
💡Cells
💡Nutrition
💡Photosynthesis
💡Respiration
💡ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
💡Transportation
💡Excretion
💡Chlorophyll
💡Stomata
💡Transpiration
Highlights
Life processes are essential for the survival of all living organisms and involve continuous movement of molecules into and out of cells.
Nutrition is a critical life process that involves how organisms obtain and utilize food for energy and growth.
Autotrophic nutrition, such as photosynthesis in plants, allows organisms to produce their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
Heterotrophic nutrition involves organisms consuming other organisms for energy, highlighting the diversity of life processes.
The process of photosynthesis is detailed, explaining the chemical equation and the role of chlorophyll in plants.
Stomata are identified as the pores in plant leaves that facilitate gas exchange, crucial for photosynthesis.
Experiments such as the variegated leaf experiment demonstrate the necessity of chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
The location and mechanism of photosynthesis within chloroplasts are described, emphasizing the complexity of the process.
Respiration is highlighted as a vital process for energy release in cells, with aerobic and anaerobic respiration explained.
The role of ATP in cellular energy transfer is explained, highlighting its importance as the 'currency' of cellular energy.
Breathing and the human respiratory system are discussed, detailing the process of oxygen intake and carbon dioxide release.
The structure and function of the human heart, as a central organ in the transport of oxygen and nutrients, are described.
Blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, are explained in the context of their roles in the circulatory system.
Blood pressure and its measurement are discussed, along with the implications of high blood pressure on health.
The lymphatic system is introduced as a secondary transport system in the body, with its functions explained.
Plant transport systems, including xylem and phloem, are detailed, showing how plants move water and nutrients.
Excretion is discussed as a necessary process for waste removal in organisms, with examples from both plants and animals.
The human excretory system, including the kidneys and urinary bladder, is described, outlining the process of urine formation and elimination.
Plants' methods of waste disposal, such as transpiration and shedding of leaves, are highlighted as unique to their stationary nature.
Transcripts
[Music]
life processes all living things are
made up of cells if we observe the cells
of an organism we can find that there is
a continuous movement of molecules into
the cell and out of the
cell cells need molecules to get energy
and to build new complex
molecules in the same way cells need to
send out the waste molecules that are
generated during their metabolic
activities so a continuous Inward and
outward movement of molecules is
required for a cell to survive organisms
like plants and animals are made up of
millions of cells then how do supply of
new molecules to these cells and removal
of waste molecules from these cells
takes place which processes help the
organisms to do this difficult
job life processes are a set of
processes that help the organisms to do
this job the processes that help the
organisms to maintain and repair their
bodies are called life
processes nutrition respiration
transportation and excretion are the
four important life processes that help
the organisms in their
survival
nutrition all living organism Ms need
food to live but the way by which they
obtain their food is different in
different animals the way of obtaining
food digestion and absorption of food
comes under nutrition so nutrition is
the first and most important life
process types of
nutrition one autotrophic nutrition two
heterotropic
nutrition let us see autotrophic
nutrition autotrophic nutrition is the
process by which green Plants algae and
some bacteria make their own food using
simple inorganic substances like carbon
dioxide and water with sunlight as the
energy
source autotrophic nutrition in plants
plants make glucose by using simple
inorganic materials like water carbon
dioxide in presence of sunlight and with
the help of chlorophyll this process is
called
photosynthesis during this process
organisms also produce oxygen which is
very important for the survival of the
organisms here we can see the chemical
equation of
photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 12 H2O gives rise
to C6 h126 that is glucose plus 6 O2
that is oxygen plus 6 H2O that is water
so this reaction takes place in presence
of sunlight and with the help of
chlorophyll plants use this glucose for
their energy requirements the remaining
glucose is converted into starch and
stored in different parts for future use
oxygen is released out into the
atmosphere so from this equation we can
understand that the raw materials or
reactants of this reaction are carbon
dioxide and water the products are gluc
and oxygen and the conditions and
apparatus required are sunlight and
chlorophyll let us see how plants
acquire their raw materials plants
obtain carbon dioxide through tiny pores
called stomata located on the surface of
leaves Leaves play a major role in
exchange of gases in Plants however gas
exchange also occurs across the surface
of stems roots and other parts of the
plant to prevent excessive water loss
plants regulate the opening and closing
of stomatal pores when carbon dioxide is
not needed for photosynthesis the plant
closes these
pores this regulation is controlled by
specialized cells called God cells
present in this stomato when God cells
absorb water this swell causing the
stomatal P to open in the same way when
they lose water they get shrink and the
pore closes this mechanism helps helps
the plants to efficiently manage gas
exchange and Water
Conservation this is how plants get
carbon dioxide let us see how do they
get the other
materials plants get water from the soil
through Roots plants get the light
through the surface of the leaf water
carbon dioxide chlorophyll and sunlight
if any one of the components is missing
plants cannot carry out
photosynthesis let us verify it with
some
activities variegated Leaf experiment by
this experiment we can prove that
chlorophyll is important for
photosynthesis for this take a potted
plant with variegated leaves such as
money plant or croton plant place the
plant in dock room for 3 Days To deplete
all the stored starch after 3 days
expose the plant to sunlight for
approximately 6 hours PLU a leaf from
the plant and ident y the green areas on
it Trace these green areas onto a sheet
of paper boil the leaf in water for few
minutes to soften it transfer the boiled
Leaf into Beaker filled with alcohol set
up a water bath and place the beaker
containing the leaf and alcohol into it
heat until the alcohol begins to
boil now take out the leaf and submerge
the leaf in a dilute solution of iodin
for a few
minutes now remove the leaf from the
iodin solution and rinse it off the
green areas of the leaf turns dark blue
iodin when reacts with starch it
produces dark blue color that means in
the green areas of leaf photosynthesis
took place due to the presence of
chlorophyll and in the non- green areas
of the leaf there is no photosynthesis
due to the absence of
chlorophyll similarly we have another
activity to show that c dioxide is
necessary for
photosynthesis for this select two
healthy potted plants of similar size
Place both the plants in dark room for 3
days now place a watch glass containing
potassium hydroxide to absorb the carbon
dioxide next to one
plant cover both the plants with
separate Bell jars and use vaselin to
seal the bottom to ensure an a tight
setup expose both plants to sunlight for
about 2 hours pluck a leaf from each
plant and perform a starch test as
described earlier now compare the
presence and amount of starch in both
the leaves the plant kept with potassium
hydroxide has very less starch as
compared to the plant without potassium
hydroxide this shows that carbon dioxide
is necessary for
photosynthesis location and mechanism of
photosynthesis photosynthesis takes
place in the special organel called
chloroplast present inside the green
leaves let us find their exact location
inside the leaf this is the
cross-section of the leaf here we can
observe some cells with green dot-like
structures these green dot-like
structures are the
chloroplasts a chloroplast has two
membranes the outer membrane and the
inner membrane the inner membrane is
called Grana it is folded and forms
stacks of sacks like structures called
thids chlorophyll is the green color
pigment present in this
thids the space between the Grana and
the outer membrane is called
stroma photosynthesis is very complex
process and it involves so many
reactions in it some reactions of
photosynthesis takes place in the Grana
and some reactions takes place in the
stroma
mechanism of
photosynthesis let us try to understand
the mechanism of photosynthesis in three
major Steps step one the chlorophyll
molecule present in the chloroplast
absorbs the sunlight and gets
activated step two the light activated
chlorophyll splits the water
molecule we know that water molecule is
made up of hydrogen and oxygen now these
two are separated by this light activat
chlorophyll this reaction is called
photolysis step three the hydrogen
produced in step two reacts with carbon
dioxide and forms glucose this is how
glucose is made by the plants but do
plants make only glucose in their bodies
no apart from glucose plants also make
proteins in their bodies plants need
nitrogen to make new protein molecules
plants get this nitrogen from the soil
nitrogen is present in the soil in the
form of nitrites and
nitrates but from where do these
nitrites and nitrates reach the soil the
nitrogen fixing bacteria present in the
soil converts the atmospheric nitrogen
into nitrites and
nitrates this is all about nutrition in
Plants now let us see the heterotropic
nutrition heterotropic nutrition
heterotrophic nutrition involves
obtaining readymade organic food by
consuming other
organisms heterotrophic organisms cannot
synthesize their own food and depend on
the organic matter produced by
autotrophs or other
heterotroph Tropic nutrition One
holozoic Nutrition two saprophytic
nutrition and three parasitic nutrition
Hol OIC nutrition this type of nutrition
involves the ingestion of solid organic
material which is then broken down and
absorbed by the
organism most animals including humans
exhibit holic nutrition holic nutrition
involves ingestion digestion absorption
assimilation and digestion of food
saprophytic
nutrition organisms that obtain their
nutrients from dead and decaying organic
matter are called
saprophytes they secrete enzymes onto
the dead matter to break it down into
simpler substances which they can absorb
fungi and certain bacteria exhibit
saprophytic
nutrition parasitic
nutrition parasites are organisms that
live in or on other organism and they
derive their nutrients from their host
parasitic nutrition is commonly observed
in various species of plants animals and
in
microorganisms holoid nutrition in
single celled organism
amiba amiba has no fixed shape so it
takes in food from any point on its body
surface amiba grabs food using
fingerlike extensions and forms a food
vacu inside this vacu the food breaks
down into into simpler substances that
go into the cell anything left
undigested is pushed out of the cell in
other single cell organisms like in
parami it has a specific shape and the
food is taken at one particular spot
tiny hairlike structures called Celia
helps in moving the food to this spot
for inje nutrition in human beings food
enters our body through mouth our
digestive system begins with mouth and
ends with anus different parts of the
digestive tract are arranged like a long
coil tube this tube is called Elementary
Canal accessory glands like liver
pancreas and salivary glands are
attached to the elementary canol and
forms the digestive
system the food inside the mouth is made
into a soft paste by the action of teeth
and
saliva saliva is a fluid that makes the
food soft and wet saliva has an enzyme
called as salivary amage it digests the
starch partially the food is well chewed
in the mouth and it passes down into the
stomach through
esophagus the rhythmic contractions of
the esophagus help the downward movement
of the
food these rhythmic contractions are
called peristaltic
movements this is stomach it is a hollow
muscular
organ gastric glands present in the
walls of the stomach produce gastric
juice this gastric juice has different
compounds in it these compounds help the
stomach to digest the food let us see
the different components of this gastric
juice gastric juice has pepsin
hydrochloric acid and mucous in it
pepsin is a protein digesting enzyme the
medium of the stomach should should be
acidic for the proper action of this
pepsin so the medium of the stomach is
made acidic by hydrochloric
acid hydrochloric acid is a strong acid
it can cause damage to the stomach walls
a thick layer of mucus protects the
walls of the stomach from the action of
HCL at the end of this stomach there is
a muscular spinter called as pyloric
spinter this spinter releases the partly
digested food slowly into the small
intestine small intestine is the longest
part of the elementary Canal it is
highly coiled to fit in less
space pancreas secretes the pancreatic
juice intestinal gland secrete
intestinal juice and liver secretes bile
juice into the small intestine
pancreatic juice and intestinal juice
have enzymes like Trin lipase pancreatic
amas peptidases and nucleas es these
enzymes help in the digestion of
carbohydrates fats and proteins the bile
juice that comes from liver does two
important jobs one emulsification of
fats means converting the bigger fat
droplets into smaller fat droplets by
doing this the surface area of the fat
droplets increases due to the increased
surface area enzymes can digest these
fat droplets more efficient L the second
job of bile is to make the intestinal pH
alkaline in the small intestine alkaline
medium is required for the digestion of
carbohydrates the digestion of food gets
completed in the small
intestine in the complete process of
digestion carbohydrates are converted to
sugars proteins are converted to amino
acids fats are converted to fatty acid
and
glycerol absorption of nutrients the
nutrients that are formed in the process
of digestion are absorbed into the blood
circulatory system the absorption of
nutrients takes place in the small
intestine the wall of this small
intestine has numerous finger-like
projections on its inner
surface these finger-like projections
are called vli blood vessels and lymph
vessels are present inside these
vli nutrients get absorbed into these
vessels and enters the blood bloodstream
undigested food enters into the large
intestine the water present in this
undigested food is absorbed into the
blood the remaining undigested waste is
excreted out through
anus this is all about nutrition
respiration respiration is a kind of
chemical reaction that takes place
inside the cells to release energy from
nutrients like glucose aerobic
respiration in some organisms oxygen is
needed for the process of
respiration this kind of respiration is
called aerobic
respiration so the respiration that
takes place in the presence of the
oxygen is called aerobic respiration in
aerobic respiration one glucose molecule
splits into two pyic acid
molecules this step takes place in the
cytoplasm of the cell now this pyic acid
molecules enter the
mitochondria inside the mitoch Andria
these pyic acid molecules turn into
water and carbon
dioxide in this step energy is
released the energy released during the
process of respiration is used to make
ATP
molecules ATP means adenosin
triphosphate let's see how an ATP
molecule is
made this is adenosin diphosphate that
means it is ADP it has has two
phosphates in its chain and this is an
inorganic phosphate the energy released
during respiration reaction is utilized
here to join the inorganic phosphate to
ADP and forms the
ATP it has three
phosphates that means the energy derived
from the respiration is stored in the
chemical bond of terminal phosphate of
ATP when the terminal phosphate linkage
in ATP is broken using water the energy
equivalent to 30.5 KJ per mole is
released this ATP molecule serves as the
primary source of energy for various
cellular
activities ATP can be used in the cells
for the contraction of musles protein
synthesis conduction of nerve impulses
and for many other activities for this
reason the atps are called as cell
currency an airobic respiration
in some organisms oxygen is not needed
for
respiration this type of respiration is
called anerobic
respiration in anerobic respiration less
ATP are released compared to aerobic
respiration an airobic respiration is
absorbed in organisms like in bacteria
and in
East sometimes even in our bodies anic
respiration takes place while doing
vigorous exercise the oxygen levels
decrease in our muzzle cells this leads
to oxygen deprivation and leads to
anerobic
respiration in an arobic respiration
pyic acid molecules turns into lactic
acid by releasing energy the build of
this lactic acid in the muzzle tissue
due to anerobic respiration leads to
muzzle soreness or muzzle pain alcoholic
fermentation in organisms like East
during an airobic respiration pyic acid
molecules are converted into ethanol and
carbon dioxide this process is called as
alcoholic fermentation we can absorb
alcoholic fermentation with the help of
an activity take some fruit juice or
sugar solution and add some EAS to it
take this mixture in a test tube fitted
with one whole COA fit the with a
bent glass tube dip the free end of the
glass tube into a test tube containing
freshly prepared lime water fermentation
takes place and the carbon dioxide gas
is produced it turns the lime water
milky aerobic respiration an aerobic
respiration and alcoholic fermentation
among these three processes the energy
that is released in aerobic respiration
is higher but for the process of aerobic
respiration a continuous supply of
oxygen is
needed then how do aerobic organisms get
the continuous supply of oxygen it is
done by breathing breathing brething
plants have small pores on their leaves
called stomata for the exchange of gases
animals need special respiratory organs
for the exchange of gases we know that
animals live on both land and in water
terrestrial animals breath the oxygen
present in the air aquatic animals get
the dissolved oxygen present in the
water aquatic organisms have a faster
breathing rate compared to terrestrial
organisms because the amount of
dissolved oxygen in water is relatively
low fishes for example draw water into
their mouths and then push it over their
gills here the blood absorbs the
dissolved oxygen from the water then how
do terrestrial animals like humans get
the oxygen let us see human respiratory
system structure and function human
respiratory system is well designed to
breathe oxygen from the
atmosphere human respiratory system
begins with a pair of nostrils air
enters the nose through this nostrils
thin hairs present in the nasal passage
filters the dust particles that we
breathe in the nasal cavity is lined by
mucus and it makes the air moist and
humid now this moist air enters the
windpipe windpipe is also called as
trachea it is supported by c-shaped
cartilaginous rings
these Rings support the tracha and helps
to keep it open position all the time
wind pipe divides into two branches
these branches are called broni they are
further divided into fine branches
called
bronchioles finally these bronchioles
are attached to small balloon-like
structures these balloon-like structures
are called
alveoli exchange of gases the wall of
the alv II is only one cell thick and it
has a network of blood
capillaries here the exchange of gases
takes place between the blood and
alveoli the blood that comes from the
body parts has more carbon dioxide in it
the air that enters the alveoli has more
oxygen in it due to this difference of
concentration the exchange of gases
takes place between the blood and the
alveoli the oxygen that is collected
into the blood is transported by a
pigment called as hemoglobin which is
present in the RBC of blood carbon
dioxide is transported by blood in
dissolved State
Transportation now let us look at the
human transport system transportation is
an important life process our transport
system is composed of one blood to
transport different materials two h
to pump the blood and three blood
vessels to supply the blood to different
body parts and four blood platelets to
repair the damaged blood
vessels blood acts as a transporter of
food oxygen and waste materials within
our bodies blood is a type of fluid
connective tissue it is composed of
plasma and blood cells plasma carries
nutrients carbon dioxide salts and
nitrogenous wastes in dissolved form
whereas oxygen is transported by red
blood
cells the pumping organ that we have in
our body is heart just like how an
electric motor pumps water in the pipes
heart pumps the blood into the blood
vessels a heart is a muscular organ it
is in the size of our fist heart does
two important jobs the first job is to
collect deoxygenated blood from the
different parts of the body and send it
to the lungs for
oxygenation this task is done by the
right side chambers of the heart the
second job is to collect the oxygenated
blood from the lungs and Supply it to
the different parts of the body this
task is done by the left side chambers
of the heart but these two tasks are
performed at the same
time at first left atrium and right
atrium gets relaxed are
dilated then left atrium gets the
oxygenated blood from the lungs right
atrium gets the deoxygenated blood from
the body parts now both these Chambers
get contracted and pump the blood into
the bottom
Chambers now the left ventricle get
contracted and sends the oxygenated
blood to the body parts at the same time
right ventricle pumps the deoxygenated
blood to
lungs ventricles possesses thicker
muscle ular walls compared to Atria
because they need to pump blood to
various
organs valves prevent the backward flow
of blood during the contraction of Atria
or
ventricles hot structure in animals with
different energy needs birds and mammals
have a four chambered heart with
complete separation between the
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood the
separation of this right and left sides
of the heart prevents oxygen ated and
deoxygenated blood from mixing if the
mixed blood is supplied to the body the
amount of oxygen supply decreases and
the energy production also
decreases this separation allows for
efficient oxygen delivery to meet their
high energy
demands amphibians and
reptiles they have three chambered
Hearts allowing some mixing of
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood fishes
they have two chambered Hearts blood is
pumped to the gills for oxygenation and
then directly to the rest of the body
this type of circulation is called
single circuit circulation because in a
complete cycle of circulation the blood
flows through the heart only once double
circuit circulation in mammals the blood
travels through the heart twice in one
complete cycle of blood
circulation one time between heart and
lungs and the second time between heart
and body parts so this type of
circulation is called double circuit
circulation or double
circulation now we will study about the
blood and blood
vessels in our bodies we have three
different types of blood vessels named
as arteries veins and
capillaries arteries carry the
oxygenated blood from heart to different
parts of the body heart pumps the blood
into arteries with great pressure so
arteries have thick and elastic walls to
resist this blood pressure veins collect
the deoxygenated blood from body parts
and carry it to the heart veins do not
have thick walls since the pressure of
blood is low in veins but veins have
valves in them due to these valves the
flow of blood takes place only in one
direction to supply the materials to
cells arteries split into thin fine
tubules called
capillaries the other ends of these
capillaries join together again to form
the
veins blood pressure blood pressure
refers to the force exerted by Blood
against the walls of blood vessels
arteries typically experience high blood
pressure compared to
veins systolic pressure denotes the
pressure in arteries during ventricular
contraction while diastolic pressure
indicates the pressure during
ventricular
relaxation normal blood pressure is
around 120 mmh systolic and 80 mm HG
diastolic a spigo manometer is used to
measure blood pressure any obstruction
or blocks formed in the arteries leads
to high blood pressure or
hypertension if this is not treated it
may lead to rupture of blood vessels and
leads to serious problems repair of
damaged blood vessels if our blood
vessels are cut in any accident blood
flows out through these blood vessels
this leads to one loss of blood and two
decrease of pressure in the circulatory
system to stop the bleeding blood
platelets move to the site of leakage
and plug the cut
temporarily permanent clotting of blood
takes by the help of various clotting
factors present in the plasma of the
blood here is a question for you if the
plasma contains blood clotting factors
why don't they clot the blood in the
blood vessels if you know the answer
please write it in the comments
lymphatic system just like blood
circulatory system we have another
system in our body called as lymphatic
system lymph flows in this system lymph
is a colorless fluid the plasma proteins
and some blood cells escapes out through
the small pores present in the walls of
the capillaries they gets accumulated in
the intercellular spaces of different
tissues later this fluid becomes the
lymph it it is similar to the plasma of
blood but colorless and contains less
protein this lymph enters the lymphatic
vessels through the lymph
capillaries finally these lymph vessels
are open into the large veins lymphatic
system does two important jobs the first
job of lymph is to absorb the digested
fats in the intestines we can see the
lymph vessels in the Willi of the small
intestine where the absorption of
nutrients takes place the second task is
to collect the extracellular fluid and
deposits it into the bloodstream this is
all about human transport system now let
us study the transport system in Plants
transportation in plants plants do not
move and plant bodies have a large
proportion of dead cells in many of
their tissues because of these reasons
plants require very less energy and have
a slow transport system in Plants the
transport of food and water takes place
by two different types of tissues they
are xylm and
flum transport of
water xylm tissue in Plants consists of
interconnected vessels and TrackID found
in roots stems and leaves forming
channels for water
transport now we will see how the water
enters into the
roots the cells of the roots that come
in contact with the soil actively takes
the ions from the soil into them
due to this kind of active transport of
ions the concentration difference of
ions develops between soil and root
cells to balance this difference water
enters the
roots this study inflow of water into
the root xylm creates a continuous
column of water pushing it upwards
however this pressure alone may not be
enough to move water up to Great Heights
in plants plants use transpiration the
loss of water vapor through stomata in
leaves to pull water from the xylm in
Roots transpiration creates a suction
effect aiding in the absorption and
upward movement of water and dissolved
minerals from Roots to
leaves transpiration also helps in
regulating plant
temperature root pressure is more
significant in water transport at night
while during the day transpiration
becomes the primary driving force for
water movement in the the
xylm transport of food and other
substances the food that is prepared in
the leaves of the plants during
photosynthesis has to be supplied to
different parts of the plants this
process is called
translocation the translocation of food
materials like glucose takes place
through flim tissue in Plants this
translocation takes place in both
upwards and in downwards
Direction energy is required for the
process of transl ation cells get this
energy from ATP at first with the use of
energy from ATP sucrose enters the flum
tissue then the osmotic pressure inside
the flum tissue
increases now due to this osmotic
pressure water enters the flim tissues
now with this pressure food materials
are taken to different tissues of the
plant flu transports the food as per the
requirements of the plants for example
in Spring season buds need more food
material for flowering then the flum
supplies the food from stem or root
excretion in the bodies of living things
metabolic activities produce nitrogenous
waste materials these waste materials
must be eliminated from the bodies of
the organisms this elimination process
is known as excretion unicellular
organisms release these wastes through
simple diffusion from their body surface
into into the surrounding water whereas
complex multicellular organisms they
have specialized organs to carry out
excretion excretion in human beings
cells while carrying out their metabolic
activities they produce toxic
nitrogenous substances like ammonia Ura
and uric acid these compounds are to be
eliminated from our body humans have a
well-developed excretory system to
dispose these wastes blood collects
these toxic materials from the cells and
carries them to the excretory system for
filtration human excretory system has
two kidneys two ureters one urinary
bladder and one urra kidneys have tiny
filtering units called as nephrons
nephrons are the structural and
functional units of the kidney they
filter the wastes from the blood each
nefron has a TFT of capillaries called
as glomerulus and a cuplike structure
called bman capsule nephrons filter the
blood and removes the wastes like Ura
uric acid and creatinin useful materials
like glucose amino acids and salts also
get filtered into the bourman capsule
but later they get reabsorbed back into
the blood circulatory system filtered
waste along with water is called as
urine it enters the urinary bladder
through Urus once the bladder is full it
triggers the sensation of urination
when we relaxes the muzzles of our
urinary bladder then the urine flows out
through the
uretra excretion in plants plants have
different ways of getting rid of waste
compared to animals during
photosynthesis plants produce oxygen
which can be considered as a waste
product it is released out through
stomata plants get rid of excess water
through stomata by a process called
transpiration some waste products are
stored in dead cells and in Old leaves
by shedding these leaves they get rid of
the Wast some plants excrete waste
substances into the soil which in turn
increases the soil fertility plants also
store certain wastes in cellular vaces
satin plants excrete waste materials in
the form of resins and gums as a means
of Defense protection and waste
management this is all about the chapter
life processes thanks for watching
thanks for watching please like the
video please share this video with your
friends please subscribe to Great
booster Channel press the Bell icon to
get all the latest updates check the
description to find Links of other
useful videos check the end screens for
our new videos
Weitere ähnliche Videos ansehen
Life processes Full chapter | class 10 Animated video | 10th BIOLOGY | ncert #science | Chapter 7
Characteristics of Organisms - Grade 10 #Easy_Science
STD 7 SCIENCE CH 1 વનસ્પતિઓમાં પોષણ VANSPATI OMA POSHAN
Plant Nutrition: Mineral Absorption | Part 3
Enzim dan Metabolisme Sel | Biologi SMA
Kurikulum Merdeka Rangkuman IPA Kelas 8 Bab 2: Makanan dan Sistem Pencernaan
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)