Evidence That Your Mind is NOT Just In Your Brain - Rupert Sheldrake
Summary
TLDRDieses Video skizziert die Idee des 'erweiterten Verstandes', der die Grenzen des Gehirns überschreitet. Rupert Sheldrake argumentiert, dass bewusste Erfahrungen durch elektromagnetische Felder, die Licht ist, erweitert werden können. Er diskutiert Theorien über Sehvorgänge, die das traditionelle Eingangsmodell herausfordern, und stellt das Phänomen des 'Gefühls, angesehen zu werden' als wissenschaftlich belegtes Beispiel für eine außerkopfliche Wahrnehmung vor. Zudem suggeriert er, dass die Vorstellung von Phantomgliedmaßen Teil des erweiterten Bewusstseins sein könnte. Sheldrake lädt zum Testen seiner App ein, die das Fähigkeit, angesehen zu werden zu spüren, verbessern könnte.
Takeaways
- 🧠 Die Idee, dass alles im Gehirn stattfindet, wird als unnötige Einschränkung des Materialismus kritisiert.
- 🌐 Das Konzept der Felder, eingeführt durch Michael Faraday und später durch Einsteins Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie, erweitert unsere Sichtweise auf die Natur und das Bewusstsein.
- 🌌 Felder sind unsichtbare Bereiche des Einflusses, die weit über physische Objekte hinausreichen, wie das Gravitationsfeld der Erde.
- 📡 Auch elektromagnetische Felder, wie die von Mobiltelefonen, erstrecken sich unsichtbar über die physischen Geräte hinaus.
- 👁️ Der Prozess des Sehens ist ein Rätsel, da die Lichteinwirkung auf das Auge nur einen kleinen Teil der Wahrnehmung erklärt.
- 🕵️♂️ Die Theorie der extramission, die besagt, dass das Sehvermögen etwas aus dem Auge sendet, wird als alternative Erklärung zum intromission-Modell diskutiert.
- 🤔 Die Wahrnehmung, dass wir Objekte außerhalb unseres Kopfes sehen, steht im Kontrast zur Vorstellung, dass alle Bilder im Gehirn lokalisiert sind.
- 🔮 Die Idee, dass das Bewusstsein über elektromagnetische Felder hinausreicht, wird als mögliche Lösung für das sogenannte 'Hard Problem' des Bewusstseins vorgeschlagen.
- 👶 Kinder und Menschen aus verschiedenen Kulturen neigen dazu, die extramission als natürliche Vorstellung des Sehens zu akzeptieren.
- 🔍 Experimente zeigen, dass der 'eingefangene Blick'-Effekt, bei dem Menschen das Gefühl haben, angesehen zu werden, statistisch signifikant ist.
- 🦄 Die Phantomgliedwahrnehmung nach einer Amputation wird als Beispiel für die Ausdehnung des Bewusstseins über den Körper hinweg angeführt.
- 🌐 Scheldrake plädiert für eine Erweiterung unserer Vorstellungen vom Geist, der nicht nur im Gehirn begrenzt ist, sondern auch im Körper und der Umwelt existiert.
Q & A
Was ist das Hauptthema des Skripts?
-Das Hauptthema des Skripts ist die Idee des 'erweiterten Verstandes', der besagt, dass unsere Bewusstseinsfelder weit über unseren Körper hinaus reichen und durch elektromagnetische Felder mit dem physischen Raum interagieren.
Wer hat das Konzept der Felder in die Wissenschaft eingeführt?
-Das Konzept der Felder wurde in die Wissenschaft zuerst von Michael Faraday in Bezug auf elektrische und magnetische Felder eingeführt.
Wie veränderte sich die wissenschaftliche Sicht auf das Verhältnis von Geist und Materie im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts?
-Im 19. Jahrhundert wurde die wissenschaftliche Sicht erweitert, indem man die Idee der Felder als Bereiche des Einflusses akzeptierte, die unsichtbar und weit über physische Objekte hinausreichen können.
Was ist die 'Einwirkungstheorie' der Sehkraft?
-Die 'Einwirkungstheorie' der Sehkraft, auch bekannt als Intromission, besagt, dass Licht in die Augen eintrifft und in den Sehnerven reicht, um im Gehirn verarbeitet zu werden.
Was ist die 'Ausstrahlungstheorie' der Sehkraft?
-Die 'Ausstrahlungstheorie' der Sehkraft, auch bekannt als Extramission, besagt, dass nicht nur Licht in die Augen eintrifft, sondern dass das, was wir sehen, auch von unseren Augen ausgestrahlt wird.
Welche Rolle spielen elektromagnetische Felder in der Theorie des erweiterten Verstandes?
-In der Theorie des erweiterten Verstandes spielen elektromagnetische Felder eine zentrale Rolle, da sie als Träger der Bewusstseinsfelder dienen, die über den Körper hinaus reichen.
Was ist das Phänomen der 'Scop-Athesia'?
-Scop-Athesia ist das Phänomen, bei dem Menschen das Gefühl haben, angesehen zu werden, auch wenn sie die Person, die sie ansieht, nicht direkt sehen können.
Welche wissenschaftlichen Befunde gibt es über das Phänomen des 'Sehens' ohne direkten Blickkontakt?
-Es gibt statistisch signifikante Befunde, die das Phänomen des 'Sehens' ohne direkten Blickkontakt bestätigen, einschließlich Studien an Schulen und Museen sowie Experimente mit fMRI, die Aktivitäten im Gehirn zeigen, wenn Menschen auf Objekte schauen.
Was ist die Meinung des Skripts über die traditionelle Auffassung, dass das Bewusstsein im Kopf lokalisiert ist?
-Das Skript argumentiert, dass die traditionelle Auffassung, dass das Bewusstsein im Kopf lokalisiert ist, ein unnötigeres Limit ist und dass das Bewusstsein vielmehr durch elektromagnetische Felder erweitert werden kann.
Wie kann das Konzept des erweiterten Verstandes die Untersuchung des 'schwierigen Problems' der Beziehung zwischen Geist und Gehirn fördern?
-Das Konzept des erweiterten Verstandes kann die Untersuchung des 'schwierigen Problems' fördern, indem es die Diskussion über die Beziehung zwischen Geist und Gehirn aus der eingeschränkten Perspektive des Gehirns erweitert und die Rolle von elektromagnetischen Feldern in der Bewusstseinsbildung berücksichtigt.
Was ist die These des Skripts über das Phantomglied nach einer Amputation?
-Das Skript argumentiert, dass das Phantomglied nach einer Amputation Teil des erweiterten Verstandes ist und dass die Wahrnehmung des Gliedes als real und an seinem tatsächlichen Ort stattfindet, anstatt nur im Gehirn lokalisiert zu sein.
Welche Anwendung gibt es, um das Phänomen des 'Sehens' ohne direkten Blickkontakt zu verbessern?
-Es gibt eine App, die von Rupert Sheldrake entwickelt wurde, mit der Menschen trainieren können, sich an das Phänomen des 'Sehens' ohne direkten Blickkontakt zu gewöhnen und möglicherweise ihre Fähigkeit, es zu spüren, zu verbessern.
Outlines
🧠 Die Erweiterung des Bewusstseins jenseits des Gehirns
Der erste Absatz des Skripts diskutiert die Idee, dass das Bewusstsein nicht nur im Gehirn begrenzt sein sollte. Der Sprecher argumentiert, dass wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts, insbesondere das Konzept von Feldern, unsere Auffassung davon erweitern sollten. Er erwähnt Michael Faradays Beitrag zur Einführung von elektrischen und magnetischen Feldern und Einsteins allgemeine Relativitätstheorie, die das Gravitationsfeld einschließt. Felder werden als Bereiche des Einflusses definiert, die unsichtbar sind, aber weitreichende Auswirkungen haben können. Der Sprecher schlägt vor, dass unser Bewusstsein auf solche Feldern basiert und möglicherweise weit über unseren Körper hinausreicht, was für das Verständnis des Verhältnisses von Geist und Gehirn relevant sein könnte.
👀 Die Theorie der extramission und die Wahrnehmung des Sehens
In diesem Absatz wird die traditionelle Ansicht des Sehens, die die Lichteinstrahlung (intromission) ins Auge beschreibt, herausgefordert. Der Sprecher stellt die extramission-Theorie vor, die besagt, dass das Sehvorgang auch einen Prozess des Projektierens von Bildern außerhalb des Kopfes beinhaltet. Er verweist auf die Arbeit von Johannes Kepler und die Entdeckung der umgekehrten Bilder auf der Netzhaut und diskutiert die Schwierigkeit, wie aus diesen flachen, zweidimensionalen Eindrücken plötzlich dreidimensionale, farbliche Wahrnehmungen entstehen. Der Sprecher erwähnt auch die Begriffe 'virtual images' und 'extramission' in Bezug auf die Funktionsweise von Spiegeln und wie dies im Geist des Betrachters als Projektion hinter dem Spiegel verstanden wird.
🤔 Das Phänomen des 'Gesichtsblicks' und seine wissenschaftliche Relevanz
Der dritte Absatz konzentriert sich auf das Phänomen, dass Menschen oft das Gefühl haben, wenn jemand sie ansieht, auch bekannt als 'Scopathea'. Der Sprecher diskutiert Studien, die diese Wahrnehmung untersucht haben, und zeigt, dass die Fähigkeit, den Blick anderer zu spüren, weit verbreitet ist und auch bei Tieren beobachtet werden kann. Er erwähnt die Arbeit von Gerald Wier und arid gutam, die zeigen, dass das Gehirn Aktivitäten im Bereich des Blickverfolgens aktiviert, selbst wenn die Person der extramission-Theorie nicht zustimmt. Der Sprecher argumentiert, dass diese Fähigkeit tief in der biologischen Evolution verankert sein könnte und für das Verständnis des Geistes von großer Bedeutung ist, da sie aufzeigt, dass das Bewusstsein möglicherweise über elektromagnetische Felder hinausreicht.
🔬 Die Extended Mind-Theorie und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Wahrnehmung
Der vierte Absatz schließt das Video mit einer Diskussion über die Extended Mind-Theorie, wonach das Bewusstsein nicht nur im Gehirn begrenzt ist, sondern auch im gesamten Körper und in der Umwelt existiert. Der Sprecher erwähnt Phantomgliedm-Phänomene und die Idee, dass das Bewusstsein diese Projektionen empfindet. Er betont, dass die Erweiterung des Bewusstseins jenseits des Gehirns unsere Diskussionen über das sogenannte 'Hard Problem' der Beziehung zwischen Geist und Gehirn erweitern kann. Der Sprecher teilt auch mit, dass er an einer App für Mobiltelefone arbeitet, mit der Menschen ihre Fähigkeit, das Phänomen des 'Gesichtsblicks' zu spüren, verbessern können, und lädt die Zuschauer ein, Feedback zu diesem Projekt zu geben.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Materialismus
💡Felder
💡Bewusstsein
💡Sehens
💡Extramission
💡Spiegelung
💡Scopateästhesie
💡Phantomgliedmaßen
💡Evolution
💡Elektromagnetismus
Highlights
The concept of fields in science, introduced by Michael Faraday and expanded upon by Einstein, suggests a broader view of nature beyond the limitations of materialism.
Fields, such as gravitational and electromagnetic, are regions of influence that are usually invisible but have significant effects at a distance.
The idea that our minds and consciousness are not confined to the brain but can extend through fields is proposed as a new perspective.
Vision is not just about light entering the eyes; the theory of extramission suggests that images are projected outwards from the mind.
The perception of images as being external to the head challenges the traditional intromission theory of vision.
The sense of being stared at, known as scopaesthesia, is a common experience that suggests an interaction between minds beyond the brain.
Experiments have shown that people can often tell when they are being looked at, indicating a possible extramission of perception.
The phenomenon of scopaesthesia is statistically significant and has been demonstrated in various scientific studies and experiments.
The theory of extramission is still taught in schools to explain the workings of mirrors, despite being considered a heresy in biology and psychology.
The feeling of being stared at has evolutionary implications, potentially aiding in predator-prey relationships.
The extended mind hypothesis proposes that consciousness is not limited to brain activity but can interface with electromagnetism.
The concept of the mind being unextended, as proposed by René Descartes, is challenged by the idea of an extended mind through fields.
Phantom limb experiences may be part of the extended mind, suggesting that consciousness can project beyond physical boundaries.
The extended mind theory offers a broader context for understanding the relationship between mind and brain, potentially aiding in solving the hard problem of consciousness.
An app has been developed to train and improve the ability to sense being stared at, indicating ongoing research in this area.
The video concludes with a call to action for viewers to engage with the research and share their experiences or suggestions related to the extended mind theory.
Transcripts
[Music] I think that the idea that it's all in the brain is an unnecessary limitation materialist
thinking about the brain is extraordinarily local it localizes all these things actually
inside the head but within the Sciences since the 19th century we now have a much broader view of M
and the way that nature is organized and this is broadened through the concept of
fields first introduced into science by Michael Faraday uh in relation to electric and magnetic
fields then through Einstein's general theory of relativity taken to include the gravitational
field and there are many fields in in science now fields are defined as regions of influence they're
usually invisible the gravitational field of the earth is in the Earth but EX extends far beyond
it the reason we're not floating in the air at the moment is because it's holding us down to the
ground it's invisible this room is full of it but we can't see it it holds the moon in its orbit it
stretches far beyond the Earth the gravitational field of the Moon affects the tides on the earth
so these are invisible Fields with enormous effects at a distance even though you can't
see them uh electrical and magnetic fields also stretch out Beyond physical objects a magnetic
field stretches out far beyond the magnet you can reveal its lines of force through sprinkling
iron filings around it but the field itself is invisible and the electromagnetic fields of your
mobile telephone uh within the mobile telephone but stretch invisibly Beyond it this room is full
of radio Transmissions from mobile phones from radio and television programs the the world is
full of invisible Fields this is a revelation of 19th and 20th Century science which I don't think
has been taken on board by people thinking about materialist theories of the brain and what I'd
like to suggest is that our fields of our mind stretch out far beyond our bodies they stretch
out invisibly and our Consciousness is related to and based on these fields that if we're going to
solve the heart problem taking into account fields of the Mind may be a very important in ingredient
as well as studying processes within the brain the easiest way to see what I'm talking about
is indeed through vision what's going on when you see something um well everybody knows that light
comes into the eyes ever since Johan Kepler in 16004 worked out that there were inverted images
on the retina we know that the lens focuses the light in each eye you have a small inverted image
on your retina changes happen in the Cod cells and the rod cells impulses travel up the optic nerve
changes happen in various regions of the brain all this has been mapped and scanned in Greater
detail than ever before but the mysterious part is then what happens next how do you create images
three-dimensional full color images they're all supposed to be inside your head representations of
the outer world so I can see you sitting there you can see me here but all of you are supposed to be
inside my head as lots of faces and and the whole of this room is meant to be and inside your head
is supposed to be a little ret um somewhere inside your brain that's not what we actually experience
what we actually experience is that our images are out there your image of me I'm imagining is
where I'm actually standing right now and my image of you is where you are so this oneway
theory of Vision which we've all grown up with and which comes from Kepler the intromission theory of
vision sending in intromission is taken to be the standard scientific view but there's another and
older theory of vision the extramission theory that says not only does light come in but the
images we see are projected out so my images of you are where they seem to be they're in
my mind they're in my Consciousness but they're not inside my head they're where you're sitting
now this idea is familiar to the ancient Greeks it's familiar to people all over the world the
developmental psychologist Jean P showed that young European children in his book the child's
conception of the world think that they're projecting out images that they take it for
granted so this is in fact a very deep-seated way of thinking about vision and uid the great
geometer used it to explain in the first a really clear way how mirrors work what happens when you
look at something in a mirror is the light is reflected from the mirror the angle of incidence
the angle of reflection are the same but what happens then is you project out the images uh
which go straight through the mirror being virtual mental projections and you see virtual images
behind the mirror and ID's theory is still there in school textbooks to explain mirrors all of you
no doubt have seen these diagrams they involve little dotted lines behind the mirror that go
to What's called a virtual image behind the mirror a projection of the Mind behind the mirror and so
this extra mission a sending out theory of vision is actually taught to all school children even
though within most of science it's regarded as a total heresy intromission is the only permissible
theory in biology and psychology whereas in Optics which comes under physics extra is the
standard Theory and no wonder it's confusing people are taught two completely different
theories of vision at Ohio State University Gerald Wier who's a professor of Psychology
was shocked to find that most adults and children he interviewed believed in visual extramission
something going out of the eyes even his own psychology undergraduates believed it so heall
this a fundamental misunderstanding of visual perception and he decided to re-educate them and
he and his colleagues told them forcefully over and over again nothing goes out of the eyes when
you look at something and after repeated drilling with this into the students when they were tested
immediately after this denial of extramission uh teaching they gave the correct answers but
when they tested them 3 to 5 months later almost all of them had reverted to their previous views
they were dismayed at this failure of scientific education much more recently in fact just in the
last few years arid gutam uh at working first at Princeton University now at the kinska institute
in Stockholm has shown that uh by some very ingenious experiments that people attribute
a gental force to the Gaze as it goes out of the eyes and they've even shown using fmri that
regions of the brain involved in tracking movement are activated and as he puts it the results
this is a quote strongly suggests that when people view a face looking at an object the brain treats
that gaze as if a movement were present passing from the face to the object and they found that
this occurred even in people who didn't believe in visual extramission it's deep hardwired in the
way we see and they tried to explain this by saying there must be an evolutionary
reason for it that in uh it's important to track people's gaze in social situations
and this leads to the illusion that something's going out of the eyes when you look at things it
it make much better sense in evolutionary terms if it's not an illusion but if it's real and so
is it real well you're not meant to think it's real because that goes against the Dogma that
the mind is nothing but the activity of the brain and the perceptions are inside the head but is it
testable well I think it is if when I look at you a projection from my mind that touches you my mind
in a sense reaches out to touch you if I look at you from behind and you don't know I'm there could
you feel that I'm looking at you well as soon as you ask that question you realize that the sense
of being stared at is very common it's now called scop athesia the scientific name for it scop as
in microscope seeing aesthesia feeling as in synesthesia anesthesia scop athesia is extremely
common most people have experence experienced it I'm sure most people in this room have experienced
it you turn around you find someone's looking at you or you stare at someone and they turn around
and look back doesn't happen all the time but it's very common most people have experienced it
including most children it's usually directional you turn and look straight at the person you don't
just feel uneasy and search around I I have a recent paper on directional scof athesia
showing that on the basis of 960 case studies the directionality is just a basic feature of this and
the way people experience it I've investigated the Natural History we've interviewed uh We've dealt
with through questionnaires we found it typically happens uh most powerfully with strangers often
with male strangers in situations that could be vaguely threatening we've done interviews
with more than 50 surveillance officers celebrity photographers and private detectives practically
all of whom just take this for granted if you've ever trained to be a private detective and I'm
guessing that most of you haven't uh you you will have learned that um when you're following someone
shadowing somebody you don't stare at their back cuz if you do they'll turn around catch your eyes
and your cover's blown you have to look at them a little bit otherwise you lose them but you look at
their feet so among practical people these things are completely taken for granted in the martial
arts it's taken for granted and they have methods of training people to become more sensitive
because if you can feel when someone's approaching from behind who might attack you you'll survive
better than if you didn't feel it they train this ability people get better at it well many
experiments have already been done on the sense of being stared at they've been done
in at least 37 different schools and colleges have been replicated in many parts of the world
the statistical significance is astronomical the Nemo science museum in Amsterdam an experiment on
the sense of being stared at was running for more than 20 years more than 20,000 people took part
it was called have you got eyes in the back of your head and people had to guess whether
they were being looked at or not in a randomized sequence of Trials the results were astronomically
significant statistically I mean I didn't run this experiment myself it was run by the Dutch Museum
the results were analyzed by Dutch statisticians and it showed a massively significant effect the
most sensitive subjects in incidentally were children under the Agee of nine so here we have
something which is extremely well known it's well known all over the world the scientific
evidence suggests it really happens the scientific teaching of how mirror's work assumes that there's
an extem mission of influences it seems to be deep receit in biology it happens with animals
animals can tell when they're being looked at and people can tell when animals are looking at them
so here we have a very very well-known phenomenon very deep-seated biologically many different
species of animals have shown this ability I think it's evolved in the context of Predator prey
relationships a prey animal that could tell when a predator was looking at it a hidden Predator was
looking at it would survive better than one that didn't and I think it has enormous implications
for our understanding of the mind because if our minds are not just about what happens in brains
and if our conscious experience is extended through electromagnetic fields which is what
light is it suggests that Minds have an interface with electromagnetism we know they do in the brain
a lot of brain activity that correlates with Consciousness is electromagnetic activity there
seems to be an interface between electromagnetism and Consciousness and why it should be confined
to the inside of the head is a purely arbitrary assumption it comes from Ren deart originally I
suppose um or from the ancient Greek materialists but deart made a division between extended things
rise extensor matter is extended in space whereas mind re cutans was not extended in
space it was defined by being unextended so the idea was the mind was unextended but interacted
with the brain somewhere inside the head so I'm suggesting that actually when we let go of that
assumption which has been so limiting for for so long we can broaden our view of the mind and uh
go further than we've gone so far in a way that will help solve the real problems leading towards
the hard problem finally I just want to say that I think the extended mind doesn't just extend out
into the world it extends throughout the body when someone has say a phantom limb after an amputation
I think that that Phantom limb is part of the extended mind and that people feel the limb uh to
be really there and I think what they're ex doing is projecting that image of the limb and feeling
it from within as to where the limb actually is the official view is it's all inside the brain
but I don't think it is and so I think once we Liberate the Mind from the brain more generally
and Consciousness from the brain more more particularly we have a much wider context for
discussing this naughty problem the hard problem of the relation between mind and brain when we
take into account the extended mind instead of just arbitrarily confining to the inside of the
head we're much more likely to make progress in understanding how minds are related to our bodies
and to the physical Fields through which we see and through which we have our experiences thank
you thank you for watching this video produced by after skool I'm Rupert sheldrake if you want
to learn more about my work you can can go to my website sheldrake.org or my YouTube channel the
links are below I'm also continuing this research on the feeling of being stared at I now have an
app that works on cell phones where you can train yourself to get better at it I don't know how
easy it is to train yourself to get better at it because this is a new project but please do have
a go if you can if you can get better at it and if you have any suggestions as to how others might be
able to to become more sensitive do please email me and let me know how you've been getting on
thank you for watching and I hope you're watch the next production that I do with after skool
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