第一代农民工:被国家抛弃的人|农民工|进城务工|社保|医保|老无所依|抛弃|贫困的遗传|王局拍案20230706
Summary
TLDR本文讲述了中国第一代农民工的辛酸故事。他们为城市的繁荣贡献了青春和汗水,却因年龄增长被限制在工地工作,面临失业和贫困。农民工冯碧全因找不到工作而被迫住在山洞,反映了农民工在城市中的边缘地位和返乡后的困境。文章通过调查揭示了农民工群体普遍缺乏储蓄、医疗保障和养老支持,呼吁社会和政府关注并解决他们的困境,打破贫困代际传递的循环。
Takeaways
- 🏘️ 冯碧全,一位62岁的四川小岩村村民,因无家可归而住在山洞里,反映了第一代农民工的困境。
- 📰 冯碧全的故事在中国新闻中引起关注,揭示了农民工在城市化进程中被边缘化的现实。
- 🧱 农民工在城市从事重体力劳动,如建筑工地工作,但随着年龄增长,他们被迫转行或失业。
- 🚫 地方政府出台政策限制60岁以上农民工在建筑工地工作,出于安全考虑,但也导致他们就业机会减少。
- 💼 农民工在城市中的工作选择有限,通常只能从事保安或清洁工等低收入工作。
- 💔 冯碧全因脾气问题导致家庭破裂,晚年孤独,体现了部分农民工个人生活的悲剧。
- 👵👴 第一代农民工普遍缺乏储蓄,许多人的积蓄不足5万元,难以应对老年生活。
- 🏥 农民工在城市中很少就医,他们通常因为医疗费用昂贵而选择忍受病痛。
- 🔄 农民工在城市与家乡之间处于两难,城市不再需要他们时,他们被迫返回变化巨大的家乡。
- 📊 调查显示,第一代农民工的子女中,有65%-68%继续从事农民工工作,显示了贫困和社会地位的代际传递。
- 📝 秋凤贤教授的研究揭示了农民工问题,但相关讨论和解决方案在社会上并未得到充分重视。
Q & A
冯碧全为何选择在山洞中生活?
-冯碧全因为年过60岁,根据规定不能在建筑工地工作,而他曾是石匠,只能从事保安或清洁工作。由于难以找到工作,收入逐渐减少,最终无家可归,选择在山洞中生活。
第一代农民工在中国改革开放初期面临了哪些困难?
-第一代农民工在改革开放初期面临了低收入、缺乏社会保障和医疗保障、子女教育问题以及城市对他们的排斥和清理等困难。
根据秋凤仙的研究,第一代农民工的主要问题有哪些?
-秋凤仙的研究显示,第一代农民工主要面临的问题包括几乎没有储蓄、很少进行体检或在工作地就医、老年后无处可去以及社会流动性低,子女继续成为农民工。
为什么第一代农民工很少寻求医疗治疗?
-第一代农民工很少寻求医疗治疗的原因是医疗费用昂贵,他们认为小病不需要治疗,大病则因为无法承担费用而放弃治疗。此外,新农合医疗保险的报销比例受地域限制,跨省就医报销比例大幅降低。
为什么冯碧全和他的弟弟生活在一起几个月后会产生冲突?
-冯碧全和他的弟弟都有不好的脾气,共同生活几个月后,性格不合导致两人产生冲突,冯碧全一怒之下离开了弟弟的家。
秋凤仙在她的调查中发现了哪些关于农民工的悲剧故事?
-秋凤仙在调查中发现了一个农民工因为身体状况极差去大医院检查,被诊断出患有无法负担治疗费用的红斑狼疮,被告知回家并卖掉家中物品准备治疗。
为什么第一代农民工的子女大多数仍然继续成为农民工?
-第一代农民工的子女大多数继续成为农民工,是因为社会流动性低,他们的家庭出身和教育水平限制了他们的职业选择和社会地位的提升。
秋凤仙对于第一代农民工的未来有什么建议?
-秋凤仙建议政府不应轻易让农民工失去工作,应尽量让他们工作至70岁,因为只要他们能工作,就有收入,这样可以减轻他们自身和政府的养老压力。
为什么有关第一代农民工的文章会被审查和禁止传播?
-有关第一代农民工的文章被审查和禁止传播,可能是因为这些问题长期以来被忽视,政府和社会没有准备好或不愿意面对这些问题,通过封锁信息来避免社会关注。
第一代农民工对中国改革开放做出了哪些贡献,但他们得到了什么回报?
-第一代农民工为中国的经济发展做出了巨大贡献,但他们没有享受到改革开放的成果,反而牺牲了自己的健康和青春,老年时缺乏养老保障。
冯碧全的故事如何反映了第一代农民工的整体命运?
-冯碧全的故事反映了第一代农民工被城市、家乡甚至国家遗弃的命运,他们在城市工作多年却无法融入,回到家乡发现已物是人非,最终可能无家可归,生活困苦。
Outlines
🏘️ 农民工的辛酸与无奈
本段落讲述了四川小燕村的农民工冯碧泉的故事。冯碧泉62岁,曾在广东河源工作数十年,因年老被禁止在工地工作,导致失业。他曾尝试保安或清洁工,但收入微薄,最终因无法负担生活而回到故乡。然而,故乡的变化让他感到陌生,自己的房子也已倒塌,与弟弟同住后因性格不合而搬出,最终选择在山洞中生活。这个故事反映了第一代农民工的普遍困境,他们为城市的建设贡献了一生,却在老年时被城市和家乡同时抛弃,成为无家可归的人。
📊 农民工的生存现状调查
这一段介绍了安徽某大学教师邱凤贤对第一代农民工生存现状的调查研究。第一代农民工指的是1970年前出生、1980年代开始进城务工的农村居民。他们被称为'生计型农民工',因为改革开放初期农村贫困,他们被迫进城谋生。调查发现,这些农民工普遍没有积蓄,大多数人的储蓄不足5万元。他们的收入增长缓慢,且多数收入用于家庭开支,难以储蓄。此外,农民工在城市中很少就医,因为医疗费用昂贵,他们通常选择忍受小病或放弃治疗大病。
👴 老年农民工的困境
第三段进一步探讨了老年农民工的困境。尽管法定退休年龄是60岁,但多数农民工希望继续在城市工作以维持收入。调查中,一位农民工因身患重病被建议回家乡治疗,但医疗费用昂贵,医疗保险报销比例低,他们面临巨大的经济压力。此外,农民工的子女大多数继续从事农民工工作,社会流动性低,贫困可能成为代际传递的问题。
📜 被遗忘的农民工问题
这一段讨论了农民工问题长期被社会忽视的现实。虽然农民工在城市中随处可见,但很少有人真正关注他们的生活状况和需求。随着第一代农民工逐渐老去,他们的退休和医疗问题亟待解决,但社会和政府似乎并未做好准备或缺乏解决这些问题的意愿。文章的作者质疑为何有关农民工困境的文章会被审查和封锁,暗示这可能是因为政府不愿意面对这些问题。
🏭 农民工的城市与乡村双重遗弃
第五段指出农民工在城市工作多年,但城市并未给予他们应有的社会保障和关注。当他们年老无法继续工作时,城市会将他们视为负担,迫使他们离开。同时,他们的家乡也发生了巨大变化,使得他们返乡后感到陌生和被遗弃。这段文字强调了农民工在城市和乡村之间被双重遗弃的悲惨境遇。
📢 农民工的无声呐喊
最后一段强调了农民工在社会中的无声和无力。他们为国家的经济发展做出了巨大贡献,但自己却未得到应有的回报和关怀。政府和社会对他们的老年生活缺乏支持和保障,使得他们在老年时面临生存的困境。文章通过提出农民工被城市、家乡和国家三重遗弃的观点,呼吁社会关注并解决这一问题,同时反思为何农民工的声音和需求被忽视。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡农民工
💡改革开放
💡社会保障
💡户籍制度
💡退休
💡城乡差距
💡社会阶层
💡医疗保障
💡年龄歧视
💡社会责任感
💡代际传承
Highlights
冯毕全是四川小燕村的一位62岁村民,因在山洞生活而成为中国新闻焦点。
冯毕全因年满60岁被禁止在工地工作,导致他只能从事保安或清洁工等低收入工作。
冯毕全在广东河源工作数十年,但因脾气问题导致家庭破裂,最终孤身一人。
冯毕全在家乡没有积蓄,生活陷入困境,甚至无法负担回家的车票。
冯毕全回到家乡后发现家乡变化巨大,自己的老房子已经倒塌,无法居住。
冯毕全与弟弟性格不合,最终选择离开弟弟家,开始在山洞生活。
第一代农民工的生活困境和命运,成为社会关注的焦点。
安徽大学教师邱凤贤通过社会调查,研究了第一代农民工的生活状况。
第一代农民工多为生计所迫进城务工,与后来的农民工有着不同的生活需求和目标。
邱凤贤发现,第一代农民工普遍缺乏储蓄,大多数人的储蓄不足5万元。
农民工因长期从事体力劳动,健康状况普遍较差,但很少寻求医疗帮助。
农民工在城市中缺乏社会保障和医疗保险,老年生活面临巨大挑战。
农民工的子女大多数继续从事农民工工作,社会流动性低。
邱凤贤建议政府应为返乡农民工提供工作机会,延长他们的工作年限至70岁。
农民工在城市中被边缘化,没有享受到改革开放的成果,反而牺牲了健康和青春。
农民工对社会心存感激,但面对现实困境,他们的感激之情显得无奈。
农民工问题被社会和政府忽视,他们的权利和需求没有得到应有的关注和保障。
农民工的困境和未来,需要政府承担起责任,提供必要的社会保障和支持。
Transcripts
"No one wants me anymore, I can't find any work."
The person you are looking at now is Feng Biquan.
He is a rural resident from Xiaoyan Village, Hejiang County, Sichuan Province.
Not long ago, he made headlines in China's news.
Because he lives in a cave near his village in the mountains.
Why does Feng Biquan live in a cave?
It is a long story.
Feng Biquan is 62 years old this year
When he was young, he went south to work with the young people from his village
And arrived in Heyuan, Guangdong
He was there for several decades
While he was in Heyuan, he got married and had a child
But due to Feng Biquan's bad temper
Not long after being married
his wife left him and took the child
Since then, he has been alone
In the blink of an eye, he turned 60 years old
Recently, Heyuan City issued a regulation
that people over 60 years old cannot work on construction sites anymore
And Feng Biquan was a stonemason when he was young
he had been working on construction sites
When he's not allowed to work on construction sites any more
he can only do other jobs
According to local regulations
He can only work as a security guard or cleaner
I guess the local government is also well-intentioned
Because when people get old
engaging in the heavy physical labor on construction sites
If someone was too exhausted and died on the construction site
it wouldn't look good for the whole society
So these people were asked to do security and cleaning jobs
Feng Biquan had a hard time finding security and cleaning jobs
Gradually, he had no income
He had been working in Heyuan for decades
and didn't have much savings
So he couldn't afford to eat
People from his village said
He started living a life where he lived from hand to mouth
After a few months, he became so hungry and very skinny
At first, his cousin helped him out
his younger sister also helped him
But in the long run, it's not a solution either
It is said that he wants to return to his hometown in Sichuan
But he doesn't even have enough money to afford the train ticket back home
During this year's Spring Festival
one of his fellow villagers
was planning to drive back to their hometown in Sichuan
So he gave him a ride from Heyuan
And drove him all the way back to his hometown in Hejiang, Sichuan
But when he returned to Xiaoyan Village
He discovered that his hometown
has undergone earth-shattering changes
In the 30 years he worked away, he only returned home twice
Now, even the name of his village has changed
Villages have merged with each other
And most importantly
His own old house
had collapsed after decades of being unoccupied
In other words, although he has returned to his hometown
there is no longer a place that can accommodate him
Later, he started living at his own younger brother's house
But both he and his younger brother have bad temperaments
After living together for a few months, the two brothers started having conflicts
In a fit of anger, he moved out of his younger brother's house
and started living in a cave in the mountains
When I saw this news, I felt quite emotional
Why?
This elderly man, Feng Biquan, had worked in the city his whole life
The city couldn't accommodate him
But when he returned to his hometown
His hometown, in fact, also abandoned him
In the end, he became homeless
living in a cave in the mountains
His fate became a microcosm of a generation of migrant workers
So today, let's talk about
the story of the first generation of migrant workers behind Mr. Feng Biquan
No one wanted him anymore
He couldn't find work anymore
It is said that a few days ago, on the internet in China
there was an article that spread widely
titled 'Working for Thirty Years: You are My Elders and My Future
This article is written by a new media outlet
The content of this article
is based on a social survey conducted by a teacher named Qiu Fengxian from a university in Anhui
It is a summary of the findings from her survey
After circulating online for a day or two
It was completely banned
Perhaps it was too difficult for some authorities to face
So they simply blocked it
This teacher Qiu Fengxian
She specializes in sociology at a university in Anhui
Her parents were migrant workers
she is the only one in her entire family who has attended college
She mentioned in her speech
after she went to college, she visited her younger sister
her sister and brother-in-law were working in Shanghai at the time
During their time working in Shanghai, she found out that they couldn't afford to rent a house
So they lived with over a dozen other migrant workers in a large room
They separated a small room with a wooden board
That's why she said she considers herself very lucky
So after going to college, she became a teacher after graduating from college
and pays close attention to the fate of migrant workers
In 2017, she applied for a project funded by the Social Science Foundation
which specifically studies the first generation of migrant workers
What does "the first generation of migrant workers" mean?
She categorizes it as:
someone born before the 1970s
and started working in the 1980s
This group of migrant workers is referred to as "livelihood-based migrant workers"
Because at the beginning of China's reform and opening up
rural residents were really poor
More importantly, rural residents were tied to the land
they were not allowed to come to the city
nor were they allowed to work in the city
Later, in the early stages of reform and opening up,
there were some private enterprises in the cities gradually
Soon, all over the country,
rural migrant workers were allowed to come to the city to work
Overnight, Chinese rural residents
started flocking into the cities from the countryside
At the beginning, back then
because there weren't as many job opportunities in the cities
so people all over the country were very unwelcoming towards migrant workers
I remember it myself
In the 1980s, they often said on TV
There was a term called "migrant worker tide"
the so-called migrant worker tide is when every year after the Spring Festival
these migrant workers would swarm to different parts of the country by train
and they were aimless
wherever they saw a city, they would get off and look for work
so many cities were on high alert at that time
they were guarding the train stations and not allowing these migrant workers to get off the train
Later, in the 1990s
After the establishment of China's market economy
private enterprises began to develop rapidly
It was only then that these migrant workers started to continuously enter the cities for work
but at the slightest disturbance
the cities would clean them up and send them back to the countryside
So the fate of China's rural residents
the first generation of migrant workers is truly very, very tragic
They simply cannot understand the policies of this country
but they can understand that there is no hope in the countryside
Only by going to the city can they earn a slightly higher income
so as long as there is a small opportunity in the city
They will come to the city
But after they come to the city
they will find that they cannot do most of the jobs
There are various restrictions in the city
so they can only do a limited few types of work
the first is being a construction worker on a construction site
the second item is that women will enter restaurants to work as waitresses
these are the first generation of migrant workers in China
most commonly worked on
some of them will also do small business in the city
So she summarizes the first generation of migrant workers
as those who enter the city in order to improve their livelihoods
and work hard to make a living
She said,
The difference between the first generation of migrant workers and the second generation of migrant workers is that
the second and third generation of migrant workers have a demand for improved living conditions
and the first generation of migrant workers were purely for livelihood
She conducted this investigation on migrant workers
She interviewed over 200 migrant workers
and distributed over 2,000 questionnaires
She wanted to understand this group of people
to understand their needs, current situation, and concerns
In the end, she discovered that this group of migrant workers
truly became the forgotten and abandoned people in this society
She summarized the main problems faced by this group of migrant workers
the first aspect
she discovered is that the first generation of migrant workers basically had no savings
She conducted a survey
among these migrant workers, only about 70% have savings of less than 50,000 yuan
Think about it, 50,000 yuan in China
Think about what you can do with it
But these migrant workers work in the cities
Now they are gradually entering the age range of 50 to 60
but their lifelong savings
are only about 50,000 yuan or even less
Why is their income so low?
She also discovered that there are two reasons.
The first reason
is when the first generation of migrant workers entered the city
In reality, their income was very low
In China, during the booming years of the market economy
She found that the income of migrant workers in Guangdong increased very slowly
In other words, migrant workers did not benefit from the reforms and opening up
This is the first reason
The second reason
these migrant workers belong to the type of families which solely rely on their income
working outside
they constantly sent money back home
to support their family and send children to school
even to buy a house and help their son to get married
Such a family ecological structure
makes it almost impossible for the first generation of migrant workers to save money
During the interview, she met a migrant worker who shared
that he worked hard all his life
and saved enough money to buy houses for his two sons
but for the third son, he simply doesn't have the capability to do so
when his third son got married
He wrote an IOU to his daughter-in-law
saying, 'He will definitely help his daughter-in-law'
to repay the money they spent to buy the house
After writing this IOU
the elderly couple went out to collect garbage
because they were no longer able to work
For ten years, they collected garbage
to repay the debt for the house their third son bought
Therefore, the first generation of migrant workers hardly had any savings. This is the first aspect.
Secondly, she said these migrant workers
in the city, they rarely seek medical treatment
She said only about 35% of them have had physical examinations
about 68% of them
have never sought medical treatment at their place of employment
Why haven't they sought medical treatment?
Because it's too expensive, they can't afford it
Their conclusion is "minor illnesses don't need to be treated"
just endure it and it will pass
"serious illnesses don't need to be treated either"
because they can't do anything if that happened
and these migrant workers, due to long-term engagement in heavy physical labor
their physical condition
became very poor
But even so,
They are also hesitant to go to big hospitals for medical treatment
He said, "We go to big hospitals for treatment."
"as soon as we enter the hospital gate, we start to panic"
"The panic is not because I might have a serious illness, or an unknown illness"
"I panic because I don't know how much money I will have to spend"
"What kind of diagnosis will the doctor give me?"
"Or what kind of medicine will they prescribe?"
"I have no confidence."
"I worked hard and earned a little money"
"In the end, it all went to the hospital."
He said that although they had the new rural cooperative medical insurance in recent years
but the new rural cooperative medical insurance
in most cases, the reimbursement ratio is determined by the patient's registered residence
It is locally managed
If you seek medical treatment at your own township hospital
you may be reimbursed 90%
Once you cross provinces, the self-payment threshold increases significantly
and the reimbursement ratio decreases significantly
But the majority of these migrant workers
are working in other places than their hometown
Think about it
What will they do when they need medical treatment?
Can they go back to their hometown to seek medical care?
If they go back to their hometown to seek medical care
some of them may lose their jobs
the cost of returning home is very expensive
So most migrant workers just go to the nearby small clinic to have a quick check
She also mentioned a very tragic story of a migrant worker
She said the migrant worker was in a very bad physical condition
so he went to a big hospital for a check-up
After the check-up, the doctor told him
He said, "You, hurry up and take care of yourself."
"Return to your home, return to your hometown"
"Sell the things in your home"
"You should go see a doctor"
"You have lupus erythematosus"
"You can't afford the treatment here"
This is the fate of the first generation of migrant workers
The third aspect, she said these migrant workers
when they get old, where can they go?
She found that the majority of migrant workers over 60 years old
are unwilling to return to their hometown
By law, the statutory retirement age in China
is 60 years old
At 60 years old, you should retire
but most of these migrant workers want to stay in the city and continue working
Why is that?
Because they still want to earn money
They told Teacher Qiu Fengxian
retirement is something that concerns city people
For us, retirement doesn't exist
She asked these migrant workers
when would they want to stop working
he said he will work until he can't work anymore
work until death
It sounds really sad
This is the fate of the first generation of Chinese migrant workers
And, more importantly, she found in her investigation
the first generation of migrant workers
in fact, among themselves and their descendants
the proportion of them moving up the social hierarchy is very low
probably only twenty percent
In most cases
their own children will continue to work as migrant workers
this proportion is approximately 65%-68%
So, you can see
poverty is inherited in Chinese society
If your father is a migrant worker
there is a high probability
that your own children will also become migrant workers
Therefore, she draws a conclusion in this research report
that an individual in today's Chinese society
if they want to change their own destiny
it does not depend on their own efforts
but on social factors
For these rural residents
For these migrant workers
they worked hard and struggled for 30 years
but they were not able to change their own destiny
On the contrary, the destiny of their own descendants remains the same
So, the subtitle in that article says
You are my predecessors and my future
Where are your mom and dad?
They are in Guangdong.
What about you?
Are they both in Guangdong? Do you miss them?
I kind of do.
Mom, I miss you.
I miss you too.
I wonder why the relevant authorities banned this article
It is obvious that this issue has been overlooked for a long time
Although everyone knows about China's migrant workers
In fact, this group is a disadvantaged group in the society
However, the whole society has not seriously discussed about it
many urban residents haven't faced it seriously
They know that when we work in the city
We see migrant workers on construction sites
And the waiters in restaurants are also all migrant workers
But few people would think about it
and pay attention to this group of people
These are people from two different worlds
Especially this group of migrant workers is gradually aging now
According to his statistics
Now, there are over 80 million migrant workers between the ages of 50 and 60
They will soon enter senior stage of their life
What about their retirement?
What about their healthcare?
In reality, nobody pays attention to them
So, Qiu Fengxian
Presented their true living conditions to the society
And this is not allowed
Because, obviously, our current authorities
are not prepared
not do they have the willingness
to solve the problems faced by these people
What should we do then?
Simply block these kinds of articles
If you can't read them, then they don't exist
As for the 80 million migrant workers
As for those migrant workers who return to their hometowns and live in caves
The best solution is to let them fend for themselves
The loading and unloading of express packages for 12 hours, and we have to fight for a salary of merely160 yuan
Only 160 yuan now?
Yes, 12 hours, 160 yuan for loading and unloading.
One loader is forced to work for three people's workload
In this market, they treat you as a person, but once you go, they treat you like a machine
They don't even give you time to take a sip of water.
There is not even time to go to the bathroom
They limit you to do your business in 10 minutes
10 minutes is not enough for a round trip
Even if there is work
“There may be some work in this market.”
“Let you work for a day.”
“After coming back, you have to lie in bed for at least 3 days.”
A few years ago, I watched a documentary.
It's called 'The Story of Three Sisters'.
The filmmaker of this documentary
followed three sisters from a migrant worker family in Sichuan for 16 years
He filmed the various experiences of the three sisters working outside during the process of reform and opening up
If you're interested, you can find and watch it
I think it's very good
These three sisters live in a rural area in Sichuan
Their education level is low, only elementary school
After the reform and opening up, they also went to work in the south
After returning to Sichuan,
The three sisters went to three different places in the country
and started their new lives
One went to Wenzhou
One went to Tibet
And one went to Guiyang
Since this TV drama is broadcasted on CCTV
So the final presentation is still mostly positive
These sisters have changed their own destiny through hard work
But, through this documentary, you can see
The faint silhouette of the struggling generation of migrant workers
and their hardships and efforts
I'm just saying
The first generation of migrant workers were actually abandoned
Although the author of the article
only dares to say they were forgotten, they were actually abandoned.
Who abandoned them?
I think there are three aspects
The first aspect is being abandoned by the city where he works
These migrant workers
although they work in this city
Some have been working for decades
they don't have social security or medical insurance in this city
their children are not even allowed to attend school here at the beginning
So, can you see?
Although they work in this city
this city has nothing to do with them
When they have difficulties
the city will not help them either
when this city no longer needs them one day
they will be immediately ordered to leave
A few years ago, there was a school in Beijing
A security guard
He used a hammer to hit the heads of the children in the classroom of their own school
Several children were injured
It caused a huge shock at that time
Later, the media reported
This security guard has been working at this school for 20 years
Suddenly, Beijing wants to clean up the security guards
Considering them as low-income and low-quality personnel
This security guard lost his job overnight
And when he tried to communicate with the school's leadership, no one paid attention to him
He couldn't accept it
So he picked up a hammer
And started hitting the children he used to protect
I think this security guard
Definitely at that time, what he felt in his heart was
a strong sense of being abandoned
Because in reality, he
spent his entire youth in Beijing
and at this school
But with a single order, he had to leave
He couldn't accept it
I think most of China's migrant workers
Actually share the same fate as this security guard
They seem to live in the city
But this city has never been their own hometown
Never been their own home
One day, when they grow old, they must leave
This is the first aspect
The second that abandoned them is their own hometown
Most of the first generation migrant workers go out to work
They stay out for several decades
At most they visit home for Chinese New Year
So the connection between their hometown and them
is actually very weak already
On the other hand,
The changes in China's rural areas in recent years have been tremendous
So, when these people return to their hometowns in their old age
they will find that their hometowns have undergone earth-shattering changes
For example, their loved ones have slowly left this world
For example, their houses are no longer standing there
For example, the entire social knowledge system in the village
has become very unfamiliar to them
In other words, their hometown is no longer their hometown
After returning home, they have become strangers
they were abandoned by their hometowns
Thirdly, they were abandoned by this country
Think about what happened to them after they entered the city
They became part of the army of Chinese industries
They are engaged in industrial work
Not agricultural labor like rural residents
But on the industrial production line
they have no labor protection
no social security, no medical insurance
No one takes care of them when they get sick
More importantly, when they grow old
No one takes care of them in their old age
Let's think about it
They are the first generation of migrant workers
In the process of working
It was during the decades of China's miraculous economic development
But these migrant workers
return home empty-handed
They have not benefited from the reform and opening up that they have contributed to
They have only sacrificed their own health
even their lives
This society owes them
This country owes them
They have been abandoned by this country
No industrialized country should
abandon its responsibility and obligation towards industrial workers
What is this responsibility?
It is to provide them with medical insurance
When they are sick
And when they are old
taking on the responsibility of elderly care
So they were abandoned by their own country
In their journey of laboring
the difficulties and hardships they have experienced
are different from what we knew
Most of the first generation migrant workers
They have such gratitude towards our era
they are grateful
they didn't exaggerate their own difficulties
They are thankful for this era
“Gave them the opportunity to go out for work”
“Provided them with jobs and income”
In her report, Teacher Qiu Fengxian
made a suggestion for the future prospects of
the first generation of migrant workers returning to their hometowns
She suggested that the government
should not easily let them lose their jobs when they return
And should try to enable them to work until the age of 70
Why is that?
Because as long as they can work
They will have income
It will reduce the pressure of supporting themselves in old age
It will also reduce the pressure on the government
But have you seen?
Teacher Qiu Fengxian
didn't dare to suggest that the government take on more responsibilities
So some people suggest
some people say that Teacher Qiu Fengxian is a bit heartless
She is just suggesting that migrant workers return to their hometowns and continue working
But think about it, if she suggests that the government take on greater responsibility
Will the government listen?
Or does she believe it's possible?
So I guess
Actually, she is suggesting the government
to give these migrant workers, who return home empty-handed
a chance to help themselves
The second aspect
is the actual future of these migrant workers
lies in the government taking responsibilities
Just think about when they spent their youth and sweat
to build this country
this country has completely failed to take care of them
Where did their labor rewards go?
stolen by those business owners
taken away by the state in the form of taxes
And then these people themselves are left with nothing
Shouldn't the government bear the responsibility?
Clearly, it should.
But now you
you can see
What the government is doing is
Farmers over the age of 60
Are not allowed to work on construction sites here
On the surface, it seems like they are being taken care of
But it is actually
dodging the responsibility
Because they think these farmers are too old
If you continue to work on construction sites
you might be in danger
once someone encounters danger and dies
It is possible to trigger a social media explosion
Toward the government's rules like this
so it's easier to force them to leave construction sites
Hurry back home
What's the point of going back home?
Fend for themselves
Why are such articles censored?
Why are these questions censored?
It's because they don't really want to solve these problems
If they really want to solve these problems,
isn't it necessary for everyone to face these problems together first?
Obviously,
The government hopes that these 80 million aging migrant workers
return to their hometowns and fend for themselves
Lastly, we must ask,
why were these people
abandoned by this country?
Clearly, it's because they lack power in their hands
No one speaks for them
No one speaks up for them
Only people like Teacher Qiu Fengxian
did a researech report for them
which just a faint voice
sent out to this society
This article has also mentioned
How many urbanites would seriously listen
to the voices of these migrant workers?
Including our government
in the distribution of finances
How many people care about these migrant workers?
Their contributions to this society
and the responsibility that the government should carry?
None.
So they have become the most vulnerable group in this society
They are not only the most vulnerable group in the social division of labor
But also the most vulnerable group in the rights system
So their rights are violated, and no one pays attention
This is the fate of China's first generation of migrant workers
What's even more tragic is that their children are still facing the same situation
Alright, I will stop here for today
Thank you, everyone.
No one wants it anymore, no one wants it anymore.
I can't find a job anymore.
I worked 12 hours unloading packages and only made 160 yuan.
Now it's only 160 yuan.
Yes, 12 hours of loading and unloading for 160 yuan.
One person doing the work of three.
In this market, they treat you like a human being
But once you go there, they treat you like a machine
At present, the number of rural migrant workers aged 50 and above in China exceeds 80 million. They will soon enter old age. However, surveys have found that the first generation of rural migrant workers who migrated to cities for work after the reform and opening-up policy do not have medical insurance or social security. After working for thirty years, they generally lack savings and lack support for their old age. They continue to struggle on the path of survival
Subtitle: Xiaobai, JackDarlingMP
Proofread: Xiaobai, JackDarlingMP
This generation of rural migrant workers has been abandoned by the cities where they worked, abandoned by their hometowns, and even abandoned by their own country. They have not enjoyed the benefits of the reform and opening-up policy. Instead, they have sacrificed their health and youth. As their hair turns white and wrinkles appear on their foreheads, what awaits them is a future with little to no old-age support.
Most of the first generation migrant workers
for our era
they are grateful
they haven't exaggerated their own difficulties
They are grateful to this era
which has given them the opportunity to work outside
So that they have jobs
and income
What's even more tragic is that among the offspring of this generation of rural migrant workers, only 20% have moved upward in the social hierarchy, while nearly 70% of the descendants still work as migrant workers. The destiny of their families reveals that in contemporary China, changing one's fate has little to do with individual efforts, but rather depends on social factors. If the social structure does not change, the fate of these migrant workers will become an inter-generational cycle, passed down from generation to generation.
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