BIOTEKNOLOGI MODERN - TEKNIK HIBRIDOMA

Summary

This video explains the modern biotechnology technique of hybridoma, which involves the fusion of two cells, either from the same or different organisms, to form a hybridoma cell. The process, called protoplast fusion, combines the contents of two cells after removing their cell walls. The resulting hybridoma cells can divide uncontrollably like cancer cells while also producing antibodies like B lymphocytes. The video walks through the creation of monoclonal antibodies, detailing the steps including injecting an antigen into a mouse, extracting antibody-producing cells, and fusing them with cancer cells to form hybridomas that are then selected and multiplied to generate monoclonal antibodies.

Takeaways

• 😀 Hybridoma technology is a modern biotechnology method involving the fusion of two cells, either from the same or different organisms, to form a hybrid cell.
• 😀 The principle of protoplast fusion involves removing the cell walls of two cells and merging their inner contents.
• 😀 Protoplast fusion in animal and human cells is useful for creating hybridoma cells, which are essential for monoclonal antibody production.
• 😀 Hybridoma cells are created by fusing antibody-producing B lymphocytes with cancerous myeloma cells.
• 😀 The resulting hybridoma cell can divide indefinitely like a cancer cell, while also producing antibodies like a B lymphocyte.
• 😀 Hybridoma cells must be selected because each produces antibodies with unique characteristics.
• 😀 The goal is to grow these hybridoma cells to produce monoclonal antibodies, which are antibodies from a single clone.
• 😀 The process of monoclonal antibody production involves several steps: antigen injection in a mouse, antibody-producing cells collection, and fusion with cancer cells.
• 😀 The fused cells are selected to identify the required antibodies, and the hybridoma cells are then cloned to generate monoclonal antibodies.
• 😀 Monoclonal antibodies have important applications in various fields, including medical diagnostics and treatment.
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Q & A

What is hybridoma technology in modern biotechnology?

Hybridoma technology involves the fusion of two cells from the same or different organisms to create a hybrid cell, known as a hybridoma, which can be used to produce monoclonal antibodies.

What is the basic principle behind protoplast fusion?

The principle of protoplast fusion is to remove the cell walls of two cells and combine their contents, allowing the fusion of the cells' protoplasts (the contents of the cell without the cell wall).

How does protoplast fusion in animals and humans benefit biotechnology?

In animals and humans, protoplast fusion helps to create hybridoma cells that can divide indefinitely like cancer cells but also produce antibodies like B lymphocytes.

What types of cells are used to create a hybridoma?

A hybridoma is created by fusing an antibody-producing cell (B lymphocyte) with a cancer cell (myeloma cell).

Why must hybridoma cells be selected carefully?

Hybridoma cells must be selected because each cell produces antibodies with unique properties, and only the cells producing the desired antibody will be useful for further research or application.

What is monoclonal antibody?

A monoclonal antibody is an antibody derived from a single clone of hybridoma cells, meaning it is identical and produced in large quantities for specific targeting.

How are monoclonal antibodies produced from hybridomas?

To produce monoclonal antibodies, hybridoma cells are cultured and proliferated, with the specific hybridoma producing the desired antibody being selected and expanded.

What are the steps involved in producing monoclonal antibodies as outlined in the video?

The steps include: injecting an antigen into a mouse, harvesting antibody-producing cells, obtaining cancer or tumor cells, fusing these cells to create hybridomas, selecting the required antibody, and proliferating the hybridomas to produce the monoclonal antibodies.

Why is a mouse used in the process of creating hybridomas?

A mouse is used because its immune system can be stimulated to produce antibodies against specific antigens, which are then harvested from the mouse's lymphatic system for fusion with cancer cells.

What is the significance of selecting hybridoma cells after fusion?

Selecting the right hybridoma cells is crucial because each hybridoma will produce antibodies with specific characteristics, and only the hybridomas producing the desired antibody need to be expanded for further use.