FRAKSINASI DAN APLIKASINYA

Summary

This video discusses the process of extracting active compounds from plants like Uncaria Gambir and Spatholobus Litoralis, focusing on methods like maceration, evaporation, and filtration. It explains how different solvents (ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) are used to isolate active compounds, with each having distinct properties. The script also covers the importance of testing these extracts for antioxidant and anticancer activities, explaining how to classify their potency based on IC50 values. The video concludes by encouraging students to explore herbal extraction for research and application in herbal medicine.

Takeaways

• 😀 The process of making liquid vaccines begins with drying Uncaria gambir leaves, which can be done using sunlight or a drying machine.
• 😀 The dried leaves are ground into powder using large machines or blenders before undergoing maceration (extraction) using solvents like ethanol or methanol.
• 😀 The maceration process involves filtering and repeating with additional solvent until the solvent is clear, indicating the extraction of active compounds.
• 😀 The liquid extract is then concentrated using a rotary evaporator and dried to remove the solvent, resulting in a powder.
• 😀 The powder is further processed with solvents like hexane and ethyl acetate to separate different active compounds into nonpolar, semipolar, and polar fractions.
• 😀 These fractions are concentrated and tested for activity, such as antioxidant and anticancer properties, with the IC50 value used to measure the strength of their effects.
• 😀 Fractions of Uncaria gambir were tested, revealing that the aqueous fraction showed strong antioxidant activity, while the ethyl acetate fraction was stronger for anticancer properties.
• 😀 The activity of each fraction is classified: strong, weak, or very strong based on its IC50 or antioxidant levels.
• 😀 For herbal medicine development, choosing the most effective fraction (e.g., ethyl acetate for anticancer) is crucial.
• 😀 Uncaria gambir is more versatile than Bajakah for herbal applications because it can be easily extracted using water, making it suitable for teas, whereas Bajakah requires solvents like ethyl acetate.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video?

The video primarily discusses the process of extracting active compounds from plants, specifically focusing on the method of liquid extraction and its application in the context of vaccines or herbal medicines.

What plant is primarily mentioned in the video for the extraction process?

The main plant discussed in the video is Uncaria gambir, also known as Gambir. Its leaves are used for extraction in the video, but the process could also involve other parts like the stem, root, or flowers.

What is the first step in the extraction process for Uncaria gambir?

The first step is drying the leaves of Uncaria gambir. This can be done either by sun-drying or using a drying machine at a temperature of 50°C, which helps prepare the plant material for further processing.

What extraction method is used in the video?

The video discusses maceration, a method of extraction where the plant material is soaked in a solvent, typically ethanol or methanol, to extract its active compounds. The process involves filtering and evaporating the solvent to obtain concentrated active substances.

What are the three fractions obtained during the extraction process?

The three fractions obtained are nonpolar, semipolar, and polar. These are separated based on their solubility in solvents like hexane, ethyl acetate, and water, and each fraction is tested for different properties such as antioxidant and anticancer activities.

How is the potency of the extracted fractions measured?

The potency of the fractions is measured using the IC50 value for anticancer activity and various methods for antioxidant activity, such as DPPH and FRAP assays. These measurements help classify the strength of the compounds in each fraction.

Which fraction was found to be the most potent in terms of anticancer and antioxidant activities?

The ethyl acetate fraction was found to be the most potent for both anticancer and antioxidant activities. It showed the strongest results compared to the other fractions, with IC50 values indicating strong activity.

What is the significance of the IC50 value mentioned in the video?

The IC50 value indicates the concentration of a substance required to inhibit 50% of a biological activity, such as anticancer or antioxidant effects. Lower IC50 values correspond to stronger activity.

What distinguishes the use of water in extracting Uncaria gambir compared to other solvents?

Water is a more accessible and safer solvent compared to others like hexane or ethyl acetate. This makes it easier to create consumable products such as tea or extracts from Uncaria gambir, as it is water-soluble and readily absorbed by the body.

What is the practical application of the extraction process discussed in the video?

The extraction process is useful in creating herbal medicines or supplements. For example, the active compounds from Uncaria gambir, extracted using water, can be made into teas or other consumable forms for health benefits. The method also applies to other plants for research and product development in the herbal medicine field.