TRICOMONÍASE - PARASITOLOGIA - Protozoários | Biologia com Samuel Cunha

Summary

This video discusses Trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. The infection's pathogenesis is explained, highlighting how the protozoan changes form to become amoeboid and uses pseudopodia to feed on cellular debris. Factors such as the vaginal pH, which typically ranges from 3.8 to 4.5, are discussed as contributing to the infection’s development. It is also noted that many men are asymptomatic carriers, making them potential spreaders of the disease. The video emphasizes the importance of awareness and prevention, with insights into symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Takeaways

• 😀 Trichomoniasis is caused by a protozoan parasite that primarily affects the vaginal area in women and the urethra in men.
• 😀 The parasite can change its form, becoming ameboid and using pseudopodia to feed and attach to the vaginal mucosa, causing tissue damage.
• 😀 The vaginal pH is crucial for the development of trichomoniasis, as the parasite thrives in environments with a pH above 5, while a healthy vaginal pH is typically below 5.
• 😀 The risk of trichomoniasis increases when there are disruptions in the vaginal pH, such as after menstruation or when using contraceptives or medications.
• 😀 Trichomoniasis is highly prevalent in the United States, with studies suggesting that between 25% to 50% of women aged 25 to 50 are carriers, although they may not always show symptoms.
• 😀 Men are often asymptomatic carriers of trichomoniasis, contributing significantly to the spread of the infection without knowing they have it.
• 😀 Symptoms in women include foul-smelling discharge and vaginal discomfort, which usually leads them to seek medical help.
• 😀 Men may not seek treatment because they often do not experience symptoms, making them a key factor in unknowingly spreading the disease.
• 😀 The pathogen's ability to adapt and change forms allows it to survive and cause damage to host cells, which highlights the complexity of the infection's pathogenesis.
• 😀 Maintaining a balanced vaginal pH is important in preventing trichomoniasis, and factors like medication use or hormonal changes can alter this balance, increasing susceptibility to infection.

Q & A

What is trichomoniasis and how does it affect the body?

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the protozoan parasite *Trichomonas vaginalis*. It primarily affects the genital area, causing symptoms like vaginal discharge, irritation, and discomfort. It can be asymptomatic in men but causes noticeable symptoms in women.

How does *Trichomonas vaginalis* behave during infection?

*Trichomonas vaginalis* can alter its shape and become amoeboid during infection. It forms pseudopodia to move and feed on host tissue, specifically adhering to the vaginal mucosa and destroying cells.

What role does the pH level of the vaginal environment play in trichomoniasis?

The pH of the vaginal environment is crucial for the growth of *Trichomonas vaginalis*. The parasite thrives in an environment with a pH above 5, which is less acidic than the usual vaginal pH (3.8-4.5). Any disruption in the vaginal pH, such as after menstruation or while using contraceptives, increases the likelihood of developing trichomoniasis.

Can a person with trichomoniasis be asymptomatic?

Yes, individuals with trichomoniasis, particularly men, can be asymptomatic. They may carry and transmit the infection without showing any signs of illness, making it more difficult to diagnose and control.

How common is trichomoniasis in the United States?

In the United States, it is estimated that between 25% and 50% of women between the ages of 25 and 50 may carry the *Trichomonas vaginalis* parasite. However, not all of them will develop the disease or show symptoms.

Why is trichomoniasis particularly problematic for men?

Trichomoniasis is particularly problematic for men because they are often asymptomatic. As a result, they can unknowingly spread the infection to their partners without seeking medical attention or treatment.

What symptoms should a woman look for in case of trichomoniasis?

Women with trichomoniasis may experience symptoms like foul-smelling vaginal discharge, vaginal itching, pain during urination, and discomfort during intercourse. If these symptoms appear, it's important to consult a healthcare provider.

What impact do contraceptives have on the risk of trichomoniasis?

Contraceptives, especially oral birth control, may alter the vaginal pH and create a more favorable environment for the growth of *Trichomonas vaginalis*. This increases the risk of infection, especially if used without considering other factors like pH changes.

What is the general approach for diagnosing trichomoniasis?

Trichomoniasis is diagnosed through a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests, such as a wet mount or culture to identify *Trichomonas vaginalis* in vaginal or urine samples. A doctor may also conduct a physical examination to look for typical signs of the infection.

How can trichomoniasis be prevented or treated?

Trichomoniasis can be prevented through safe sexual practices, such as consistent condom use. It is treated with prescribed medications, typically antibiotics like metronidazole or tinidazole. Both partners should be treated simultaneously to prevent reinfection.