Resumo de História: REPÚBLICA OLIGÁRQUICA (Débora Aladim)

Summary

This video explores the fall of Brazil's Oligarchic Republic and the rise of Getúlio Vargas. It traces the discontent that emerged due to political and economic crises, including the coffee trade's decline and the rise of industrialization. The Tenentism movement, led by lower-ranking military officers, attempted reforms but ultimately failed. The Revolution of 1930, triggered by the assassination of João Pessoa, led to a military coup that overthrew the ruling elites and paved the way for Vargas to assume power, marking the end of the Oligarchic Republic and the beginning of a new political era.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Oligarchic Republic in Brazil was dominated by powerful elites from São Paulo and Minas Gerais, but other states also wanted to have a political say.
• 😀 The economic importance of coffee began to decline as industries like rubber and manufacturing started growing in Brazil during the 1920s.
• 😀 The Tenentismo movement, led by junior military officers (tenentes), sought to end the political domination of the oligarchies through various revolts.
• 😀 Important events during the Tenentismo movement included the Revolt of the 18th of the Fort and the 1924 Revolution, where tenentes briefly took control of São Paulo.
• 😀 The Tenentismo movement, although initially successful in some areas, lacked widespread support and eventually faded after the military leaders sought asylum in Bolivia.
• 😀 The Revolution of 1930 marked the end of the Oligarchic Republic, with Getúlio Vargas emerging as a key figure in the political upheaval.
• 😀 Washington Luís, the president at the time, faced a multitude of crises, including economic turmoil and revolts, during his presidency.
• 😀 Luís' nomination of Júlio Prestes, another Paulista, as his successor broke the 'coffee with milk' politics, angering Minas Gerais, which formed the Liberal Alliance.
• 😀 The Liberal Alliance supported Getúlio Vargas as their candidate, eventually leading to a political struggle against Júlio Prestes.
• 😀 João Pessoa, Vargas' vice-presidential candidate, was assassinated, which Vargas claimed was a politically motivated act. This event led to military support for Vargas and the Revolution of 1930.
• 😀 The Revolution of 1930 resulted in the overthrow of the Oligarchic Republic, with Vargas becoming president and setting the stage for a long period of political transformation, including a future dictatorship.

Q & A

What was the Oligarchic Republic in Brazil?

The Oligarchic Republic in Brazil refers to the political system in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, where power was concentrated in the hands of wealthy landowners, especially from the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. This system led to a lack of political participation from other regions of the country.

Why was São Paulo so dominant in the Oligarchic Republic?

São Paulo was dominant because it was the main producer of coffee, which was Brazil's primary export at the time. This economic power translated into significant political influence within the republic.

What role did other regions, like Rio Grande do Sul, play during the Oligarchic Republic?

Other regions, such as Rio Grande do Sul, began to push for more political participation and representation. These regions were dissatisfied with the dominance of São Paulo and Minas Gerais and sought a larger role in the national political landscape.

What economic changes contributed to the fall of the Oligarchic Republic?

The economic changes included the expansion of industrialization, the importance of rubber as an export, and the gradual decline in the dominance of coffee. These shifts undermined the traditional oligarchic economic model.

What was the Tenentist movement, and what did it aim to achieve?

The Tenentist movement was led by lower-ranked military officers (tenentes) who were frustrated with the political and economic system. They aimed to overthrow the oligarchies and implement reforms, often using force. They were involved in revolts like the Revolta dos 18 do Forte and the 1924 Revolution.

What was the significance of the Prestes Column?

The Prestes Column was a military movement formed by tenentes after they attempted to take control of São Paulo in 1924. It aimed to fight against the oligarchic system by gathering support from the population, but despite never losing a battle, it ultimately lacked the necessary backing and had to flee to Bolivia.

How did the Revolution of 1930 end the Oligarchic Republic?

The Revolution of 1930, led by Getúlio Vargas, ended the Oligarchic Republic. It was sparked by the assassination of João Pessoa, Vargas' running mate, which was claimed to be politically motivated. This led to a military-backed coup, overthrowing the oligarchic leaders and installing Vargas as president.

Who was Getúlio Vargas, and how did he rise to power?

Getúlio Vargas was a politician from the state of Rio Grande do Sul who became the key figure in the 1930 revolution. He rose to power by leading a military coup that ended the Oligarchic Republic, following the assassination of his vice-presidential candidate, João Pessoa.

What was the political context surrounding the election of Júlio Prestes?

Júlio Prestes was elected as president in 1930, following the endorsement of Washington Luís, the then-president. However, both were from São Paulo, which broke the tradition of alternating power between São Paulo and Minas Gerais (the 'coffee and milk' politics). This caused tension and led to the formation of the Liberal Alliance, which sought to oppose the oligarchic system and support Vargas.

What impact did João Pessoa's assassination have on the political situation?

João Pessoa's assassination played a crucial role in escalating the political crisis. Vargas and his supporters used the assassination, which they claimed was politically motivated, as a rallying point to mobilize military support for the coup that eventually led to the Revolution of 1930 and the end of the Oligarchic Republic.