Sejarah Kota Mekah - 1001 Ensiklopedia Islam

Summary

The script delves into the history of Makkah, tracing its roots from the time of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) who settled his family in the arid land of Hijaz. The city, initially barren, grew into a central hub of faith, with Ibrahim’s descendants tasked with maintaining the Ka'bah. Over time, the city was ruled by various tribes, including Jurhum and Khuza'ah. The script also touches upon the spiritual significance of Makkah and the Ka'bah, and how the city's history intertwines with the teachings of Islam, marking it as a sacred and historical site for Muslims worldwide.

Takeaways

• 😀 Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) left his homeland in the 9th century BCE and moved to the barren valley of Hijaz, which later became Makkah.
• 😀 Makkah is surrounded by mountains, including Abu Qubais and Khan, and has a dry, arid climate with minimal rainfall.
• 😀 The city of Makkah holds special significance in Islam, as it is the birthplace of Prophet Ibrahim's descendants, who spread the message of monotheism.
• 😀 There is a debate among historians about when Makkah was first inhabited, with some believing it was after Prophet Ibrahim, while others suggest it dates back to the time of Prophet Adam.
• 😀 Prophet Ibrahim prayed for Makkah to be a blessed place and for the hearts of people to be drawn to it and for its residents to be provided sustenance.
• 😀 Some scholars believe Makkah was inhabited before Prophet Ibrahim, arguing that it was already a sacred place long before his time, based on Qur'anic verses.
• 😀 Prophet Ibrahim, along with his son Ismail, rebuilt the Ka'bah, which had been abandoned and left in ruins.
• 😀 Prophet Ibrahim called for people to perform Hajj to the Ka'bah, which led to the flourishing of Makkah as a religious center.
• 😀 Ismail, Prophet Ibrahim's son, lived for around 130–137 years and had multiple marriages, fathering 12 children, all of whom were entrusted with the care of the Ka'bah and the rituals of Hajj.
• 😀 Makkah was governed by various tribes, including the Jurhum and Khuza'ah, with significant political struggles that ultimately led to the Khuza'ah tribe taking control and establishing its rule for several centuries.

Q & A

What is the significance of Makkah in the context of the Islamic faith?

Makkah holds immense significance as a holy city in Islam. It is home to the Ka'bah, the first house of worship built for humanity, as mentioned in the Quran. It is a place where Muslims perform Hajj, an important religious pilgrimage.

Who was the first person to settle in Makkah, according to different historical opinions?

There are differing opinions among historians. One view is that Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) was the first to settle in Makkah. Others argue that Makkah existed long before Ibrahim's time, dating back to the time of Prophet Adam.

What is the basis for the claim that Prophet Ibrahim was the first to settle in Makkah?

The claim is based on the prayer of Prophet Ibrahim, where he refers to the land as a 'wadi' (valley), indicating that it was an uninhabited, barren place at the time. Additionally, there is no authentic hadith or Quranic reference suggesting a settlement in Makkah before him.

What do the Quranic verses suggest about the early establishment of Makkah?

The Quran suggests that the first house of worship, the Ka'bah, was built in Makkah for humanity. Prophet Ibrahim and his son Ismail are credited with restoring and rebuilding the Ka'bah, making Makkah a center for worship and pilgrimage.

What were the conditions of Makkah before Prophet Ibrahim's time?

Before Prophet Ibrahim's time, Makkah is described as a barren and uninhabited valley. It had no vegetation or resources, and its harsh, arid conditions made it unsuitable for settlement.

What role did the Jurhum tribe play in the early history of Makkah?

The Jurhum tribe played a significant role in Makkah's early history, particularly after Prophet Ibrahim left. They inhabited Makkah and managed the Ka'bah for some time. However, their governance eventually became corrupt, leading to their expulsion.

Why did the Jurhum tribe lose control of Makkah?

The Jurhum tribe lost control of Makkah due to their neglect of the Ka'bah and immoral actions, including committing immoral acts near the sacred site. This led to their expulsion, and Makkah was subsequently governed by the Khuza'a tribe.

What was the role of Amr bin Luhay in Makkah's history?

Amr bin Luhay was a prominent figure in the Khuza'a tribe. He is infamous for introducing idol worship into Makkah, abandoning the monotheistic teachings of Prophet Ibrahim and Ismail. His actions were condemned by Prophet Muhammad.

How did Prophet Ibrahim's actions shape the future of Makkah?

Prophet Ibrahim's actions in Makkah, including leaving his family in the barren valley and later rebuilding the Ka'bah with his son Ismail, laid the foundation for Makkah to become a sacred city for Muslims. His legacy is central to Islamic worship and the Hajj pilgrimage.

What were the major shifts in leadership in Makkah after the time of Prophet Ibrahim?

After Prophet Ibrahim, Makkah saw a change in leadership between different tribes. The Jurhum tribe first governed Makkah, followed by the Khuza'a tribe. The Khuza'a tribe's rule lasted for several centuries until their governance was overthrown, and the city was eventually controlled by various groups, including the Banu Hashim, which is the tribe of Prophet Muhammad.