Pengertian Metode Penelitian | Prof. Dr. Sugiyono, M.Pd #4

Summary

The transcript delves into the concept of research methods, emphasizing systematic approaches to data collection and analysis. It explains the importance of rational, empirical, and systematic approaches in scientific research, highlighting qualitative and quantitative data types. The speaker outlines the significance of valid, reliable, and objective data, the varying levels of research such as descriptive, developmental, and inventive, and how each correlates with academic levels like S1, S2, and S3. The content stresses the role of innovation, discovery, and creation in higher education research, aiming to inspire students to pursue groundbreaking research that benefits society.

Takeaways

• 😀 Research methods are systematic approaches to collecting and presenting data with specific objectives and uses.
• 😀 Scientific research must be rational, systematic, and guided by theories to ensure validity and reliability.
• 😀 Empirical data is crucial in scientific research, and it must be observable and measurable through various methods (e.g., photos, videos).
• 😀 The difference between qualitative and quantitative data lies in their format: qualitative data is descriptive, while quantitative data is numerical.
• 😀 Valid and reliable research data is essential for trustworthy findings, achieved through instruments tested for validity and reliability.
• 😀 Research can be categorized into different levels: descriptive, explanatory, innovative, and discovery-oriented research.
• 😀 Research that proves existing theories is typically at a lower level than research that aims to innovate, develop, or discover new ideas.
• 😀 Innovation is a key element of postgraduate research, especially at the master's level (S2), and it can involve various research methods such as quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods.
• 😀 Doctoral research (S3) is focused on invention, discovering something new, and contributing original and creative work to the field.
• 😀 The potential for research to contribute to real-world issues, such as technological advancements or societal improvements, is essential for its value, especially when it brings tangible benefits and economic value.

Q & A

What is the main definition of research methodology presented in the transcript?

Research methodology is defined as a systematic way to collect and present data scientifically. It is a methodical approach to obtaining data for a specific purpose and objective.

What does the term 'scientific method' refer to in the context of research?

The scientific method in research refers to an approach guided by theories, rationality, and systematic steps. It involves rationality and empiricism, meaning the research should be logically structured and based on observable evidence.

What are the key elements that characterize scientific research according to the transcript?

The key elements of scientific research include rationality, empirical evidence, systematic steps, and a clear purpose or use. Research should be guided by theory and produce valid, reliable, and objective data.

How are qualitative and quantitative data differentiated in research?

Qualitative data are descriptive, often in the form of words, images, or behaviors, while quantitative data are numerical, involving counting or measuring. Qualitative data may include interpretations, while quantitative data provide measurable evidence.

What is the difference between nominal and continuous data?

Nominal data are categorical, such as counting participants, while continuous data involve measurement and can be ranked or scaled, such as measuring academic scores or age.

What is the importance of valid, reliable, and objective data in research?

Valid, reliable, and objective data are essential to ensuring that research findings are trustworthy. Valid data accurately reflects the research question, reliable data produces consistent results, and objective data eliminates bias.

What are the four types of research levels mentioned in the transcript?

The four levels of research mentioned are: Descriptive (describing a phenomenon), Explanatory (proving or disproving a theory), Developmental (improving existing knowledge or practices), and Discovery (finding something previously unknown).

What are the competencies associated with the S1, S2, and S3 research levels in Indonesian higher education?

S1 (Bachelor) is associated with applying knowledge to solve problems, S2 (Master) focuses on innovation and developing new ideas, and S3 (Doctorate) involves invention, discovering something entirely new or creating innovative solutions.

How is innovation incorporated into S2 (Master's level) research?

S2 research requires showing innovation by developing new products, ideas, or theories that improve upon existing knowledge, and it can involve a mix of methodologies, including qualitative, quantitative, or research and development (R&D).

What role does research play in advancing technology and preventing societal problems?

Research plays a critical role in advancing technology by creating new innovations and preventing societal problems by anticipating future challenges, such as natural disasters, and providing solutions before they escalate.