Kalam Insyai Dalam Ilmu Maani | Balaghah Dasar

Summary

This video delves into the concept of **kalam insya’i** in Arabic rhetoric, explaining its two main categories: **kalam insya’i tholabi** (requesting speech) and **kalam insya’i ghalabi** (non-requesting speech). The speaker highlights various forms within each category, such as commands, prohibitions, questions, and expressions of hope, admiration, and oaths. Through examples, the video demonstrates how these forms are used in everyday Arabic and how they relate to the broader study of **Ilmu Balaghah** (rhetoric). It offers an insightful breakdown of how non-factual, action-related speech operates in Arabic grammar and communication.

Takeaways

• 😀 Kalam Inshā'ī refers to non-declarative speech in Arabic rhetoric, which is used to express requests, commands, desires, or emotions.
• 😀 There are two main categories of Kalam Inshā'ī: **Kalam Inshā'ī Tholabi** (speech with a request or demand) and **Kalam Inshā'ī Ghair Tholabi** (non-requesting speech).
• 😀 Kalam Inshā'ī Tholabi includes speech that requests or demands something and is categorized into commands, prohibitions, questions, wishes, and calls.
• 😀 **Amr (Command)**: This is a direct order or request, such as 'Ukhruj' (Go out) or 'Falyaqul khairon' (Let him speak good).
• 😀 **Nahi (Prohibition)**: Speech that expresses prohibitions, often using 'la', such as 'La takul' (Do not eat).
• 😀 **Istifham (Question)**: This involves asking questions like 'Ma hādhā?' (What is this?) or 'Kayfa ḥāluka?' (How are you?).
• 😀 **Atamanni (Wish)**: This expresses hopes or desires for something difficult or impossible, e.g., 'Ya 'alayta shabābī ya'ud' (I wish my youth could return).
• 😀 **Nida (Call)**: A call to someone, often starting with 'Yā' or 'Ayyuhā', e.g., 'Yā Muhammad' (O Muhammad).
• 😀 Kalam Inshā'ī Ghair Tholabi includes speech that doesn't involve direct requests, such as expressing emotions or making statements of admiration, oath, or hope.
• 😀 **Tafa'ul (Astonishment)**: Used to express astonishment or admiration, like 'Mā ājmal as-samā’!' (How beautiful the sky is!).

Q & A

What is Kalam Insya'i in Arabic rhetoric?

Kalam Insya'i refers to non-declarative speech, which is speech that cannot be judged as true or false. It is primarily used to express actions, wishes, requests, or prohibitions.

How is Kalam Insya'i different from Kalam Khabari?

Kalam Insya'i cannot be judged as true or false, as it is not related to facts. In contrast, Kalam Khabari can be evaluated for its truth or falsehood.

What are the two main types of Kalam Insya'i?

The two main types of Kalam Insya'i are Kalam Insya'i Tholabi (requests or commands) and Kalam Insya'i Ghair Tholabi (non-requests or non-commands).

What does Kalam Insya'i Tholabi involve?

Kalam Insya'i Tholabi involves sentences that express requests or commands, such as imperatives, prohibitions, questions, wishes, and calls.

Can you give an example of Al-Amr (command) in Kalam Insya'i Tholabi?

An example of Al-Amr is 'Ukhruj' (Go out), which is a direct command asking someone to do something.

What is Al-Nahi and how does it function in Kalam Insya'i?

Al-Nahi refers to prohibitions and involves sentences that forbid actions. For example, 'La takul' (Do not eat) is a prohibition.

What is Istifham in Kalam Insya'i Tholabi?

Istifham refers to questions. It involves sentences used to inquire about something, such as 'Ma hadha?' (What is this?).

What is Atamanni in Kalam Insya'i Tholabi?

Atamanni refers to wishes and expresses a desire for something, often something difficult or impossible. An example is 'Semoga masa muda bisa kembali' (I wish youth could return).

What is the role of Nida in Kalam Insya'i Tholabi?

Nida refers to calling or addressing someone. It typically uses specific words like 'Ya' or 'Ayyuha,' for example, 'Ya Muhammad' (O Muhammad).

What is Kalam Insya'i Ghair Tholabi and how does it differ from Kalam Insya'i Tholabi?

Kalam Insya'i Ghair Tholabi involves non-request sentences, such as expressions of amazement, oaths, hopes, praise, or criticism. Unlike Kalam Insya'i Tholabi, it doesn't include direct requests or commands.