Sistem Gerak Bagian 1_ SISTEM RANGKA MANUSIA

Summary

This video lesson focuses on the human musculoskeletal system, explaining the two main components: the skeletal system (passive movement) and the muscular system (active movement). It discusses the structure and function of bones, their types (axial and appendicular), and various bone shapes. The video also covers cartilage, bone formation, and joints, such as synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis. Specific details on bones in the skull, spine, ribs, limbs, and the pelvis are provided. The video aims to deepen the viewers' understanding of how bones and muscles work together to support body movement and health.

Takeaways

• 😀 The human musculoskeletal system consists of the skeletal (passive) and muscular (active) systems, enabling body movement.
• 😀 The skeletal system has multiple functions: it gives body shape, protects vital organs, stores minerals, and is a site for blood cell production.
• 😀 The skeleton is divided into two main parts: the axial skeleton (skull, spine, ribs) and the appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles).
• 😀 Bones are categorized based on their shape: flat bones (e.g., skull, ribs), short bones (e.g., wrists, ankles), long bones (e.g., femur), and irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae).
• 😀 The human skull is made up of facial and cranial bones, each playing distinct roles in structure and protection.
• 😀 The spine consists of 33 vertebrae, categorized into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal sections.
• 😀 The ribcage consists of true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs, and serves to protect vital organs like the heart and lungs.
• 😀 The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the limbs, such as the upper and lower limbs, and their connecting girdles (shoulder and pelvic).
• 😀 Joints in the human body are categorized as synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), and diarthrosis (freely movable).
• 😀 Diarthrosis joints include hinge joints (e.g., elbow), pivot joints (e.g., neck), saddle joints (e.g., thumb), ball-and-socket joints (e.g., shoulder), and gliding joints (e.g., wrist).

Q & A

What are the two main components of the human movement system?

The two main components of the human movement system are the skeletal system (passive movement) and the muscular system (active movement).

What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

The primary function of the skeletal system is to provide support and shape to the body, protect vital organs, and act as a site for muscle attachment, blood cell formation, and mineral storage.

How is the human skeleton categorized?

The human skeleton is categorized into two main parts: the axial skeleton (including the skull, spine, and rib cage) and the appendicular skeleton (including the limbs and girdles).

What is the difference between axial and appendicular skeleton?

The axial skeleton includes bones that form the central axis of the body, such as the skull, spine, and rib cage. The appendicular skeleton includes bones of the limbs and their attachments (shoulder and pelvic girdles).

What are the components of the axial skeleton?

The axial skeleton consists of the skull (divided into facial bones and cranial bones), the vertebral column (spine), and the rib cage (including the sternum and ribs).

What is the function of the ribs and sternum?

The ribs and sternum protect vital organs such as the heart and lungs, and also serve as attachment points for muscles involved in breathing.

What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?

The appendicular skeleton facilitates movement through the limbs, supports weight-bearing, and includes bones like the arms, legs, and girdles (shoulder and pelvic).

How are bones categorized based on their shape?

Bones are categorized based on shape into four types: flat bones (e.g., skull bones), short bones (e.g., wrist and ankle bones), long bones (e.g., femur), and irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae).

What are the different types of joints in the human body?

There are three main types of joints: synarthrosis (immovable joints), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable joints), and diarthrosis (freely movable joints).

What is the function of ligaments and tendons in the skeletal system?

Ligaments connect bones to other bones, stabilizing joints, while tendons attach muscles to bones, enabling movement.