Penguatan Negara Dan Kelemahan Kebijakan Orde Baru Bagi Pembangunan Masyarakat kel.1 (Mapel Sejin)

Summary

The transcript outlines the key policies and events during the New Order era in Indonesia under President Soeharto, emphasizing the importance of political stability and economic development. It covers the formation of ASEAN in 1967, Indonesia’s role as a founding member, and the nation's efforts to strengthen its regional and international position. Additionally, the text discusses the rehabilitation of Indonesia's economy, the implementation of the Pancasila ideology, and the governance policies of the New Order, focusing on economic management, social stability, and the eradication of communism. Key initiatives like the Pembangunan Cabinet and the Repelita plans are also highlighted.

Takeaways

• 😀 Soeharto's New Order focused on economic development, in contrast to Sukarno's political-oriented policies.
• 😀 Indonesia’s foreign policy shifted under Soeharto to an active, independent stance, reflected in the establishment of ASEAN.
• 😀 ASEAN was founded in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand to enhance economic cooperation and regional stability.
• 😀 One of ASEAN's goals was to promote economic growth, social development, and peace in Southeast Asia.
• 😀 Indonesia played a key role in ASEAN, including hosting summits and serving as the secretariat's headquarters.
• 😀 The New Order administration implemented P4 education programs to promote Pancasila democracy and national unity.
• 😀 The first Cabinet of the New Order focused on political and economic stability, along with the planning and execution of the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita).
• 😀 The New Order's economic rehabilitation program aimed to address issues such as uneven development, inflation, and declining currency value.
• 😀 Soeharto's government focused on the rehabilitation of the national economy to stabilize and improve the socio-economic conditions of the country.
• 😀 Hegemony through social and cultural means was a key tactic of the New Order, manipulating societal values and perceptions to align with government ideals.

Q & A

What was the main focus of President Soeharto's policies during the New Order era?

President Soeharto's policies primarily focused on economic development, with the principle of 'economy as the commander.' His administration emphasized stability and growth, in contrast to President Sukarno's more politically focused approach.

How did Soeharto's approach to foreign policy differ from that of President Sukarno?

While Sukarno's foreign policy emphasized ideological alignment, Soeharto's administration adopted a pragmatic 'active and independent foreign policy.' This approach aimed at improving relations with other countries and focusing on economic cooperation and stability.

What was the significance of ASEAN's formation in 1967, and what role did Indonesia play in it?

ASEAN was founded to promote regional cooperation, economic growth, and stability among Southeast Asian nations. Indonesia, alongside Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, and Thailand, was instrumental in its establishment, with Indonesia hosting the ASEAN Secretariat in Jakarta.

What were the primary goals of ASEAN as outlined in the Bangkok Declaration?

The primary goals of ASEAN, as stated in the Bangkok Declaration, were to promote economic growth, social progress, and cultural development, as well as to ensure peace and stability in Southeast Asia. It also aimed to foster cooperation in agriculture, industry, and communication.

What was the purpose of the Penataran P4 program under Soeharto's government?

The Penataran P4 program was designed to instill a shared understanding of Pancasila (the state ideology) and democracy among the people. It aimed to strengthen national unity and support the government's legitimacy by emphasizing these values.

How did the New Order government approach Indonesia's economic rehabilitation?

The government focused on addressing the economic challenges that arose from social inequalities, inflation, and a devaluing currency. Through stabilization and reform programs, the government sought to improve the economic conditions of the people and ensure long-term development.

What were the main elements of the first Development Cabinet (Kabinet Pembangunan 1) under Soeharto?

The main elements of the first Development Cabinet included stabilizing politics and the economy, planning and implementing a five-year development plan (Repelita), conducting national elections by July 1971, and eliminating remnants of communism from the government.

How did the New Order government's economic policies contribute to national stability?

By prioritizing economic stability and development, the New Order government managed to create a more controlled economic environment, which led to improvements in living standards, reduced inflation, and more robust international trade relations.

What were the key problems that led to the New Order government's economic rehabilitation programs?

The key problems included economic inequality, high inflation, a declining currency value, and the aftermath of political crises. These issues prompted the government to launch economic rehabilitation programs aimed at restoring stability.

What does the concept of cultural hegemony mean in the context of the New Order government?

Cultural hegemony refers to the government's effort to shape and control public values, beliefs, and traditions to align with its ideological goals. This was achieved by manipulating social norms and promoting state-approved cultural narratives to maintain political dominance.