Partikel Penyusun Benda dan Makhluk Hidup (Part-2) Konfigurasi Elektron, Ion dan Ikatan Ion

Summary

In this educational video, the host explains the concept of electron configuration, ion formation, and chemical bonds. Starting with basic atomic theory, the video describes how electrons are arranged in different energy levels or shells, labeled K, L, M, and N. The video illustrates how atoms become stable by losing or gaining electrons, forming positive ions (cations) or negative ions (anions). Furthermore, it explores covalent bonding, where atoms share electrons to achieve stability. Through examples of elements like sodium, calcium, chlorine, and others, the video breaks down these concepts in an easy-to-understand way for viewers.

Takeaways

• 😀 **Bohr's Atomic Model**: According to Bohr, electrons move in shells around the nucleus, with each shell having a specific energy level.
• 😀 **Electron Shells**: The K, L, M, and N shells represent different energy levels, each with a maximum number of electrons: 2, 8, 18, and 32 respectively.
• 😀 **Electron Configuration**: Elements have specific electron configurations based on their atomic number. For example, Hydrogen (H) has 1 electron, Helium (He) has 2.
• 😀 **Atomic Stability**: Atoms are more stable when their outermost shell is full, which is typically 8 electrons for shells beyond the K shell (the octet rule).
• 😀 **Electron Distribution**: In elements like Neon (Ne) and Sodium (Na), electrons are distributed across shells in order to fill the inner shells first before the outer ones.
• 😀 **Ions and Their Formation**: When atoms lose or gain electrons to achieve a full outer shell, they form ions. Positive ions (cations) lose electrons, while negative ions (anions) gain electrons.
• 😀 **Cations**: For example, Sodium (Na) forms a cation (Na⁺) by losing 1 electron, and Calcium (Ca) forms a cation (Ca²⁺) by losing 2 electrons.
• 😀 **Anions**: Chlorine (Cl) forms an anion (Cl⁻) by gaining 1 electron to complete its outer shell.
• 😀 **Covalent Bonds**: Atoms can also form covalent bonds by sharing electrons, resulting in a more stable configuration, like in the case of two Chlorine (Cl) atoms forming a Cl-Cl bond.
• 😀 **Bond Types**: Covalent bonds can be single (1 pair of shared electrons), double (2 pairs), or triple (3 pairs), depending on how many electrons are shared between atoms.

Q & A

What is the basic structure of an atom according to Bohr's model?

According to Bohr's model, an atom consists of a central nucleus with electrons orbiting it in specific energy levels or shells. The energy levels are labeled as K, L, M, N, with increasing energy as you move outward from the nucleus.

How many electrons can fit in each energy level (shell) of an atom?

The number of electrons that can fit in each energy level are: 2 electrons in shell K, 8 in shell L, 18 in shell M, and 32 in shell N.

How do we determine the electron configuration of an atom?

To determine the electron configuration, start by filling electrons in the K shell first, then proceed to the L shell, M shell, and so on, respecting the maximum number of electrons each shell can hold.

What is the electron configuration of sodium (Na) with atomic number 11?

The electron configuration of sodium (Na) with atomic number 11 is 2, 8, 1. This means 2 electrons are in shell K, 8 in shell L, and 1 in shell M.

What happens when an atom becomes unstable due to an excess or lack of electrons in the outermost shell?

An atom becomes unstable when its outermost shell does not have the ideal number of electrons (2 for K or 8 for other shells). To achieve stability, atoms may lose or gain electrons to fill the outermost shell.

What is an ion, and how is it formed?

An ion is a charged atom formed when an atom loses or gains electrons. If it loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion (cation). If it gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged ion (anion).

How does sodium (Na) become a cation?

Sodium (Na) becomes a cation by losing one electron from its outermost shell (M shell). This results in a positive charge, forming Na+ with a configuration of 2, 8.

What is the ionization process for calcium (Ca)?

Calcium (Ca) forms a cation by losing two electrons from its outermost shell (N shell). The resulting ion is Ca2+ with a configuration of 2, 8, 8.

What happens to chlorine (Cl) to become an anion?

Chlorine (Cl) becomes an anion by gaining one electron in its outermost shell, achieving a stable electron configuration of 2, 8, 8. The result is a Cl- ion.

What is a covalent bond, and how is it formed between atoms?

A covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. For example, two chlorine (Cl) atoms may share electrons to form a Cl-Cl bond, where each chlorine gains stability by having 8 electrons in its outermost shell.