BAB 6: PEWARISAN SIFAT DAN BIOTEKNOLOGI | Part 2: Bioteknologi | IPA Kls 9 SMP Kurikulum Merdeka

Summary

In this educational video, Miss Maya explains the fascinating world of biotechnology, focusing on its two main types: conventional and modern. She details how conventional biotechnology uses microorganisms in simple processes like fermentation to produce foods such as tempe and yogurt. In contrast, modern biotechnology relies on advanced techniques like genetic engineering, cloning, and DNA recombinant technology. The video also explores the differences between these two approaches in terms of methods, cost, and applications, offering a clear understanding of how biotechnology impacts food production, medicine, and agriculture.

Takeaways

• 😀 Biotechnology is the application of living organisms or biological systems to create useful products and services.
• 😀 Conventional biotechnology uses microorganisms directly in simple processes such as fermentation to produce food and drinks.
• 😀 Fermentation is the process where microorganisms break down complex compounds into simpler ones in the absence of air, such as making tempe or yogurt.
• 😀 Examples of conventional biotechnology products include tempe, cheese, yogurt, and alcoholic beverages.
• 😀 Modern biotechnology involves genetic engineering and requires advanced technology, specialized equipment, and sterile conditions.
• 😀 Key methods in modern biotechnology include cloning, tissue culture, hybridoma technology, and recombinant DNA technology.
• 😀 Tissue culture is a method used to multiply plants from a small piece of plant tissue in a sterile, nutrient-rich medium.
• 😀 In vitro fertilization (IVF) helps people with fertility issues by combining sperm and egg outside the body in a lab setting.
• 😀 Cloning involves transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell into an egg cell to produce a genetically identical organism, such as the famous sheep Dolly.
• 😀 Recombinant DNA technology allows scientists to insert specific genes (like the human insulin gene) into bacterial DNA to produce useful products like insulin.

Q & A

What is biotechnology?

Biotechnology is the application of biological organisms, systems, or processes to produce goods and services that are beneficial to humans. It combines biological life ('bio') with technology, referring to the methods used to harness living organisms for product creation.

What are the two types of biotechnology discussed in the script?

The two types of biotechnology discussed are conventional biotechnology and modern biotechnology. Conventional biotechnology uses microorganisms directly to produce goods, while modern biotechnology involves genetic engineering and requires advanced equipment and sterile conditions.

What is fermentation in the context of biotechnology?

Fermentation is the process in which microorganisms break down complex compounds into simpler ones without the presence of air (anaerobic). This process is widely used in the production of foods like tempe, yogurt, and bread.

How is tempe made, and what role do microorganisms play in it?

Tempe is made by fermenting soybeans with a specific microorganism (a fungus in this case) known as Rhizopus. The fungus grows on the soybeans and forms white strands, which are visible as the 'white' part of tempe, breaking down the soybean’s nutrients into simpler forms.

What is the difference between conventional and modern biotechnology?

Conventional biotechnology utilizes natural processes like fermentation with minimal technology and low sterilization requirements. Modern biotechnology, on the other hand, involves advanced genetic engineering, sterile conditions, and sophisticated equipment, often focusing on manipulating DNA or cells.

What is the principle behind modern biotechnology?

Modern biotechnology is based on genetic engineering, which involves manipulating an organism’s DNA to produce desired products or traits. This can include techniques like gene cloning, recombinant DNA, and cell fusion.

What is 'kultur jaringan' or tissue culture in biotechnology?

Tissue culture is a technique used to propagate plants by growing cells or tissues in a sterile, nutrient-rich medium. This technique takes advantage of the plant's totipotent cells, which can develop into a complete plant.

What is 'cloning', and how does it work?

Cloning is the process of creating an organism that is genetically identical to another by transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell into an egg cell. The egg is then stimulated to divide and form an embryo, which is implanted into a surrogate to develop.

How does the process of 'hibridoma' or hybridoma work?

Hybridoma technology involves fusing two different types of cells: a cancer cell, which divides rapidly, and a B lymphocyte, which produces antibodies. The resulting hybridoma cells both divide rapidly and produce large quantities of specific antibodies.

What is recombinant DNA, and how is it used in biotechnology?

Recombinant DNA is a form of DNA that has been artificially created by combining DNA from different sources. It’s used in biotechnology to produce specific proteins or traits, such as insulin production in bacteria or creating genetically modified crops.