Conocimiento de embarque o Bill of Lading
Summary
TLDRThis video script from Ilice Universal Logistics, presented by Marisa Moreno, delves into the crucial role of the Bill of Lading (BoL) in maritime export and import operations. The BoL serves as a contract of carriage between the seller and buyer, documenting the receipt of goods for shipment. It is essential for international trade success. The video explains the different types of BoLs for various transport modes and focuses on the maritime BoL, detailing its functions as a receipt of goods, proof of transport contract, and a document of title. It also discusses the Hamburg Rules of 1978, the required information on a BoL, and the three types of BoLs: straight, order, and bearer. The script emphasizes the importance of the BoL for customs clearance and cargo release, offering a comprehensive guide for businesses engaging in international maritime transport.
Takeaways
- 📜 The Bill of Lading (BoL) is the most important document in maritime export and import operations, acting as a contract of transport between the seller and the buyer.
- 🌐 Correct issuance of the BoL is crucial for the success of international operations, whether for a company starting internationalization or for regular exporters.
- 🔍 The BoL identifies the shipper, consignee, origin, and destination of the goods, and varies according to the mode of transport used.
- 🚢 In maritime transport, the 'Maritime Bill of Lading' or 'Bill of Lading' (BOL) is used, while for air transport, 'Air Waybill' and for road transport, 'Carriage by Road' or 'CMR' are used.
- 📝 The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) rules of Hamburg 1978 regulate international maritime transport, requiring the carrier to issue a BoL once goods are on board.
- 📋 The BoL is issued by the shipping company, the transport arranger, or a freight forwarder, documenting the receipt of goods for transport to a specified destination.
- 🔑 Essential information on the BoL includes the BoL number, number of copies, names and addresses of the carrier and shipper, and if it's a 'nominative' BoL, the consignee's details.
- 📦 The BoL must detail the description of goods, marks of identification, number of packages, quantity or weight, and apparent condition.
- 📝 The BoL serves three basic functions: as a receipt of goods shipped, proof of a transport contract specifying obligations, and as a credit title allowing the holder to claim goods at the destination port.
- 🔑 There are three types of BoL: 'nominative', 'order', and 'bearer', each with different implications for who can claim the goods upon arrival.
- 🚢 Upon arrival, the BoL is necessary to release the goods after customs procedures, with the original document often required for this process.
Q & A
What is the Bill of Lading (BoL) and why is it important in maritime operations?
-The Bill of Lading (BoL), known as 'conocimiento de embarque' in Spanish, is the most important document in an export or import maritime operation. It acts as a transport contract between the seller and buyer, and its correct issuance is vital for the success of international operations.
What are the different types of transport documents used in logistics?
-Different transport documents are used depending on the mode of transport: the maritime Bill of Lading (BoL) for sea transport, the airway bill for air transport, the carriage contract note or CMR for road transport, and the multimodal BoL for multimodal transport using different types of vehicles under a single transport document.
What is regulated by the Hamburg Rules of 1978?
-The Hamburg Rules of 1978, approved by a UN conference, regulate international transport of goods by sea. They stipulate that once goods are on board a ship, the carrier or their agent must issue a Bill of Lading to the shipper as evidence of the right to reclaim the goods at the destination port.
What information must be included in a maritime Bill of Lading?
-A maritime Bill of Lading must include the Bill of Lading number and copies, names and addresses of the carrier and shipper, the name of the person to be notified of the goods' arrival, the name of the ship and voyage number, the ports of loading and discharge, a description of the goods, and the apparent condition of the goods if they are hazardous.
What are the three basic functions of a maritime Bill of Lading?
-The three basic functions of a maritime Bill of Lading are: as a receipt of goods shipped on a specific vessel and the conditions under which they were received, as proof of the existence of a transport contract specifying the obligations of the parties, and as a credit title allowing the holder to withdraw the transported goods at the destination port.
What are the three types of Bills of Lading based on the consignee?
-The three types of Bills of Lading based on the consignee are: Straight (nominative), which specifies the name of a person who will collect the goods; Order, which specifies the consignee but allows transfer by endorsement; and Bearer, which does not identify the consignee and is held by whoever possesses it.
What is the difference between a Master Bill of Lading (MBoL) and a House Bill of Lading (HBoL)?
-A Master Bill of Lading (MBoL) is issued by the carrier and lists the carrier as the shipper and the agent at the destination as the consignee. A House Bill of Lading (HBoL) is issued by a freight forwarder or operator and lists the actual exporter as the shipper and the recipient or importer as the consignee.
Why is the Bearer Bill of Lading considered risky and less commonly used?
-The Bearer Bill of Lading is considered risky and less commonly used because it does not identify the consignee, making it susceptible to fraud or theft as it can be held by anyone who obtains it, without proper identification.
What is required to release the goods once they have arrived at the destination port?
-To release the goods at the destination port, the Bill of Lading is necessary, along with the completion of customs procedures. The consignee can release and withdraw the goods by presenting one of the original, properly endorsed copies of the Bill of Lading.
What is a Telex Release and how does it differ from a traditional Bill of Lading release?
-A Telex Release allows the release of goods at the destination without the need to present the original Bill of Lading, provided the country permits it, through confirmation from the agent at the origin to the agent at the destination. This differs from a traditional release, which requires the presentation of the original document.
What is a Sea Waybill and how is it similar to a Telex Release?
-A Sea Waybill, also known as a Release or Sewi Bill, is similar to a Telex Release in that it allows for the release of goods without the need for an original physical document. Everything is digital, and it operates under the same principle of not requiring the original Bill of Lading for the release of goods.
Outlines
📄 Understanding the Bill of Lading
The first paragraph introduces the Bill of Lading as the most crucial document in maritime export and import operations, serving as a transport contract between the seller and buyer. It highlights the importance of its accurate issuance for successful international operations. Marisa Moreno, the founder and director of Universal Logistics, offers her expertise in logistics and international trade to explain the Bill of Lading for maritime transport. The paragraph covers the different types of transport documents used depending on the mode of transport, such as the maritime Bill of Lading (B/L), airway bill for air transport, and CMR for road transport. It also explains the international maritime transport regulations by the Hamburg Rules of 1978, which state that once goods are on board, the carrier must provide the shipper with a Bill of Lading as proof of the right to reclaim the goods at the destination port. The paragraph outlines the essential information that must appear on the Bill of Lading, including the number of B/L, the number of copies, names and addresses of the carrier and shipper, and details about the goods, such as description, marks of identification, number of packages, and apparent condition. It also mentions the need for a notify party and the agent at the destination, freight amount, and payment method.
🚢 Bill of Lading Functions and Types
The second paragraph delves into the three primary functions of the maritime Bill of Lading: as a receipt of goods shipped on a specific vessel, proof of a transport contract detailing the obligations of parties, and as a credit title allowing the holder to withdraw the goods at the destination port. It explains the three types of Bills of Lading based on the consignee: straight (nominative), order (transferable by endorsement), and bearer (held by whoever is in possession). The paragraph also discusses the two types of Bills of Lading issuers: the Master Bill of Lading issued by the carrier with the freight forwarder as the shipper and the House Bill of Lading issued by the freight forwarder with the actual exporter as the shipper. Upon arrival at the destination, the Bill of Lading is necessary to release the goods after customs procedures. It mentions the original Bill of Lading as the most commonly used option, the consignee's ability to withdraw goods by presenting an endorsed original, and the alternatives like telex/SWIFT release and Sea Waybill for digital transactions without a physical document. The paragraph concludes by encouraging feedback in the comments, offering help for any questions, and promoting a guide on five essential trade terms and a video on export documentation.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Bill of Lading
💡Internationalization
💡Logistics
💡Maritime Transport
💡Hamburg Rules
💡Cargo
💡Shipper
💡Carrier
💡Notify Party
💡Dangerous Goods
💡House Bill of Lading
💡Telex Release
💡Seaway Bill
Highlights
The Bill of Lading (BoL) is the most important document in maritime export or import operations, acting as a transport contract between the seller and buyer.
Correct issuance of BoL is vital for the success of international operations, whether starting internationalization or being an established exporter.
Maritime transport uses the maritime Bill of Lading, while air transport uses the airway bill, and road transport uses the CMR.
In maritime transport, the BoL is issued by the shipping company, transport arranger, or freight forwarder, documenting the receipt of goods for transport.
The BoL must include specific data such as the BoL number, number of copies, names and addresses of the carrier and shipper, and if it's a nominated BoL, the name of the consignee.
In triangular operations, the carrier may not coincide with the exporter, and in the case of a letter of credit, the consignee may not coincide with the importer.
The BoL must specify the name of the person or company to be notified of the goods' arrival, the name of the ship, voyage number, ports of loading and discharge, and the description of goods.
If goods are dangerous, this must be prominently noted on the BoL.
The BoL has three basic functions: receipt of goods, proof of transport contract, and a credit title allowing the holder to withdraw goods at the port of destination.
BoLs can be of three types: straight (nominative), order (transferable by endorsement), and bearer (not identifying the owner, considered risky).
The Master Bill of Lading is issued by the shipping line, with the carrier as the freight forwarder or operator, and the House Bill of Lading is issued by the freight forwarder with the exporter as the shipper.
Upon arrival of goods, the BoL is necessary to release the goods after customs procedures, with the original document typically required.
The consignee can release and withdraw the goods by presenting one of the three originals properly endorsed.
A telex or sea release allows for the release of goods without the presentation of the original BoL, if permitted by the country.
A maritime release or sewi Bill is a digital version of the telex release, without a physical document.
The video provides a comprehensive guide on the BoL, essential for international maritime transport operations.
The channel offers additional resources, such as a guide on five terms useful for understanding BoL and other necessary export documentation.
Transcripts
[Música]
el conocimiento de embarque oob of
leading bl por sus siglas en inglés Es
el documento más importante en una
operación de exportación o importación
marítima ya que actúa como contrato de
transporte entre vendedor y comprador
por lo tanto su correcta emisión es
vital si quieres que tu operación
internacional se lleve a cabo con éxito
tanto si tu empresa va a iniciar un
proceso de internacionalización como si
es una empresa exportadora o adora
habitual es importante que conozcas este
documento en
profundidad hola bienvenido al Canal de
ilice Universal logistics la empresa de
logística y Transporte internacional de
mercancías que se adapta a tus
necesidades soy Marisa Moreno fundadora
y directora de la empresa y ponemos a tu
servicio toda nuestra experiencia en el
ámbito de la logística y el comercio
internacional en el vídeo de hoy voy a
explicarte todo lo que necesitas saber
sobre el documento conocimiento de
embarque para tus operaciones de
transporte
marítimo el documento de transporte es
el contrato que identifica el expedidor
el destinatario el origen y el destino
de la mercancía o su descripción y es
diferente según el medio de transporte
que se utilice en el transporte marítimo
se usa lo que llamamos el conocimiento
de embarque marítimo o Bill of leading
para el porte aéreo el conocimiento de
embarque aéreo o airway bille y para el
porte por carretera La carta de porte
por carretera o cmr también nos podemos
encontrar con el conocimiento de
embarque multimodal fiata para el
transporte multimodal en el que se
utilizan sucesivamente vehículos de la
misma o distinta naturaleza pero bajo un
único documento de transporte
centrándonos ya en el conocimiento de
embarque marítimo Debes saber que el
transporte internacional de bienes por
vía marítima está regulado por las
reglas de Hamburgo de
1978 aprobadas En una conferencia de la
ONU estas reglas determinan que una vez
que las mercancías estén a a bordo del
buque el porteador El capitán o el
agente del porteador deberán entregar al
cargador un conocimiento de embarque que
documente el derecho a la restitución de
esas mercancías en el puerto de destino
por tanto podemos decir que el
conocimiento de enbarque es un documento
emitido por la empresa naviera por el
agente que concierta el transporte de
mercancías o por un transitario en el
que se hace constar que se ha recibido
la mercancía para ser transportada al
puerto de destino designado en el buque
que se
indica en el conocimiento de embarque es
obligatorio que aparezcan los siguientes
datos el número de Bill of leading y
número de copias de este se suelen
emitir tres ejemplares en original más
diversas copias no negociables si el
cargador lo solicitara en el momento de
la entrega de las mercancías deberán
entregarse dos o más ejemplares
Originales del conocimiento de embarque
en ese caso en cada conocimiento se hará
constar el número de de ejemplares
originales que se entreguen el nombre y
apellidos o la denominación social y el
domicilio o el establecimiento principal
del porteador el nombre y apellidos o la
denominación social y el domicilio o el
establecimiento principal del cargador y
si el conocimiento fuera nominativo los
del
destinatario debemos recordar que en una
operación triangular el porteador de la
mercancía No necesariamente coincide con
el exportador y en el caso de que exista
carta de crédito el destinatario No
necesariamente coincide con el
importador el nombre de la persona
física o jurídica a quien se le debe
notificar la llegada de la mercancía en
destino o notify el nombre del buque y
número de
viaje el puerto donde se recibe la
mercancía el de carga descarga y el de
entrega la descripción de las mercancías
realizada por el cargador con expresión
de la naturaleza las marcas de
identificación el número de bultos y
según los casos la cantidad o el peso
así como el estado aparente que tuvieran
si las mercancías fueran peligrosas esta
mención será constar en el conocimiento
de forma
destacada nombre del agente en destino
que gestiona la operación el importe del
flete y su forma de pago prepaid o
collect fecha y lugar de emisión del
conocimiento de
embarque el conocimiento podrá contener
además todas aquellas menciones o
estipulaciones válidamente pactadas por
el cargador y el
porteador Y por último firma del emisor
del
documento el conocimiento de embarque
marítimo tiene tres funciones básicas
acuse de recibo de las mercancías
embarcadas en un buque determinado y las
condiciones en que se ha recibido dicha
mercancía prueba de la existencia de un
contrato de transporte en el que se
especifica al dorso las obligaciones de
las
partes título de crédito que permite a
su tenedor retirar la mercancía
transportada en el puerto de
destino además por su condición de
título de crédito los conocimientos de
embarque pueden ser de tres tipos
nominativos se especifica el nombre de
una persona física o jurídica que
recogerá la mercancía cuando se
identifique y presente un original del
conocimiento de embarque se trata por
tanto de un documento con fuerza de
título
valor a la orden se especifica también
la persona del destinatario pero
precedida por la expresión a la orden d
por lo que es transmisible por endoso el
conocimiento de embarque a la orden es
el más utilizado en los créditos
documentarios ya que la entidad
financiera figura como consignatario de
la carga y endosa la documentación a su
cliente el importador y comprador de la
mercancía al portador se considera
destinatario al tenedor cualquiera que
se a la forma en que lo ha obtenido el
propietario de la mercancía no queda
identificado lo que hace que sea
peligroso por razones de fraude o robo y
en consecuencia se utilice poco según
quien lo emite el conocimiento de marque
puede ser de dos tipos el master B of
leading es emitido por la naviera donde
el cargador es el transitario o el
operador en bcc y el destinatario el
agente en destino de estos el House Bill
of leading es emitido por el transitario
o el operador es decir a quien se le
consignó el máster bl donde el cargador
es el exportador real y el destinatario
el receptor de la mercancía o el
importador cuando la mercancía llega a
destino el documento conocimiento de
embarque será necesario para liberar la
mercancía una vez realizados los
procedimientos aduaneros en este caso el
conocimiento de embarque puede ser Bill
of leading original es la opción más
utilizada normalmente el proveedor
exigirá a su cliente el el pago completo
de la mercancía antes de hacerle llegar
el documento el consign podrá liberar y
retirar la mercancía presentando uno de
los tres originales debidamente
endosados
el teler relase permite liberar la
mercancía en destino si el país lo
permite a través de la Confirmación del
agente en origen a la agente en destino
sin necesidad de presentar el Bill of
bladin original al ser este liberado la
carta deporte marítima también llamada
Release o sewi Bill es un tipo de Bill
of leading similar al teler relase pero
en el que no existe ningún documento
físico Pues todo es digital bien ya
conoces en profundidad el conocimiento
de embarque documento imprescindible
para tus operaciones de transporte
internacional marítimo me gustaría que
nos dijeras en los comentarios si la
información te ha sido útil pregúntanos
cualquier duda que tengas y estaremos
encantados de ayudarte además tenemos un
regalo para ti y está en esta misma
página página es una guía sobre los
cinco terms que creemos que puede ser de
mucha utilidad también puedes ver en
este mismo canal nuestro vídeo
documentación para exportar donde podrás
encontrar información sobre otros
documentos necesarios para exportar
Gracias por darle me gusta y por apoyar
este canal y si lo deseas y aún no lo
has hecho puedes activar las
notificaciones para ser el primero en
enterarte de los nuevos contenidos sobre
logística y comercio internacional que
publicamos muchas gracias por quedarte H
hast Al final nos vemos en el próximo
[Música]
vídeo
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