KEBIJAKAN- KEBIJAKAN EKONOMI PADA MASA ORDE BARU

Summary

This video explains the economic policies of Indonesia during the New Order era under President Soeharto. Key topics include the implementation of Supersemar, the introduction of development strategies such as the Trilogies of Development and Repelita, and the Green Revolution. The government focused on boosting economic growth, food self-sufficiency, and foreign investment. However, while the era saw positive outcomes like increased exports and poverty reduction, it also led to inequality and widespread corruption (KKN). The New Order regime ultimately collapsed due to the 1997 financial crisis and internal political instability.

Takeaways

• 😀 The establishment of the New Order under Soeharto marked a new era for Indonesia's development after the fall of Soekarno.
• 😀 Soeharto faced initial challenges like poverty, unemployment, and economic instability during his early years in power.
• 😀 The Supersemar (1966) marked the beginning of the New Order, which implemented economic measures like a balanced budget and foreign debt rescheduling.
• 😀 Foreign investment was encouraged through policies like the Foreign Investment Act, aiming to involve international investors in Indonesia's economy.
• 😀 The 'Trilogy of Development' focused on achieving high economic growth, equitable development, and national stability to reduce inflation and improve the economy.
• 😀 Indonesia implemented Five-Year Development Plans (Repelita), each focusing on different sectors like agriculture, industry, and food security.
• 😀 Repelita I (1969-1979) aimed at addressing basic needs, but it was criticized for benefiting only the wealthy and leading to social unrest.
• 😀 Repelita II (1974-1979) emphasized agriculture and industrial development, contributing to overall economic growth.
• 😀 Repelita III (1979-1984) focused on equitable distribution of development outcomes, including education, job opportunities, and income distribution.
• 😀 The Green Revolution (1964) brought modernization to agriculture, increasing productivity with new crop varieties, contributing to food self-sufficiency.
• 😀 The economic policies led to growth, poverty reduction, and improved literacy, but also caused regional disparities and widespread corruption, eventually leading to the fall of the New Order after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis.

Q & A

What was the significance of Supersemar in the New Order government?

Supersemar (Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret) was a pivotal document that allowed Soeharto to take control from President Soekarno, marking the beginning of the New Order era. It was essential for Soeharto's rise to power and the establishment of the New Order government.

What were the main economic challenges faced by Soeharto at the beginning of his presidency?

At the start of his presidency, Soeharto faced severe economic challenges, including a national economic crisis, widespread poverty, unemployment, abandoned farmland, and high inflation.

What were the key components of the economic regulations introduced in October 1966?

In October 1966, the government introduced three key regulations: balancing the national budget to reduce inflation, delaying foreign debt payments (rescheduling), and encouraging foreign investment to stimulate Indonesia's economy.

What was the Tri-Logi Pembangunan, and how did it shape Indonesia's economic policies?

The Tri-Logi Pembangunan was a slogan used to focus on three main goals: economic growth, equitable distribution of wealth, and maintaining national stability. It served as the foundation for many of the economic policies during the New Order era.

How did the Repelita development plans affect Indonesia's economy?

The Repelita (Rencana Pembangunan Lima Tahun) plans focused on different economic sectors in five-year periods. They helped improve the agricultural and industrial sectors, created job opportunities, and facilitated economic growth, though some plans favored foreign investors and wealthy groups.

What were the major achievements of the first Repelita (1969-1979)?

The first Repelita focused on food security, job creation, and welfare, resulting in a 3-5% annual economic growth and a reduction in inflation. However, it faced criticism for benefiting mainly Japanese investors and the wealthy.

How did the third Repelita (1979-1984) emphasize equitable development?

The third Repelita stressed equitable development by ensuring access to basic needs, education, and employment opportunities for all citizens. It also aimed to reduce income inequality and promote fair participation in national development.

What was the impact of the 1980s recession on Indonesia's economy, and how did the government respond?

The 1980s recession led to a slowdown in the Indonesian economy. The government responded with monetary and fiscal policies aimed at stabilizing the economy and ensuring the continuity of economic development despite the downturn.

What was the Green Revolution, and what impact did it have on agriculture in Indonesia?

The Green Revolution, starting in 1964, aimed to increase agricultural productivity by introducing modern farming techniques, such as high-yield seeds and mechanization. It significantly boosted rice production and helped Indonesia achieve self-sufficiency in rice.

What were the positive and negative impacts of the economic policies during the New Order period?

Positive impacts included economic growth, Indonesia's transition from an importer to an exporter, food and energy self-sufficiency, and reductions in poverty and illiteracy. Negative impacts included significant regional disparities, urban-centric development, and rampant corruption (KKN).