Apa itu Energi Panas Bumi? | Energi Terbarukan

Summary

Geothermal energy, derived from the Earth's internal heat, is a renewable and continuous energy source. It is produced by the Earth's core, where temperatures range from 4800°C to 7700°C, and it radiates towards the surface. This energy, not dependent on time of day, weather, or seasons, has vast potential. While geothermal energy is abundant, the challenge lies in the high costs and techniques required to harness it. Key uses include electricity generation and heating, with Indonesia having one of the largest geothermal potentials globally. Several countries, including the US, Japan, and Iceland, already utilize this technology.

Takeaways

• 😀 Geothermal energy, or heat energy from the Earth, is stored beneath the Earth's surface and can be harnessed for various uses.
• 😀 Geothermal energy is considered renewable because it continuously produces heat and is not affected by weather or time of day.
• 😀 The Earth's internal heat originates from the planet's formation (about 30%) and from radioactive chemical reactions (about 70%).
• 😀 Temperatures within the Earth's core range between 4800 to 7700 degrees Celsius.
• 😀 At 1 km depth beneath the Earth's surface, the temperature ranges between 35-40 degrees Celsius, and it increases by approximately 30°C per additional km of depth.
• 😀 Geothermal energy is abundant enough to meet humanity's current energy needs, though the high cost and technological challenges of accessing it remain obstacles.
• 😀 Hot springs are one example of geothermal energy sources, formed by volcanic activity or heated rocks beneath the Earth's surface.
• 😀 Hot spring water temperatures vary, ranging from 60°C to over 100°C, and the water contains more minerals compared to cold water.
• 😀 The largest use of geothermal energy is for electricity generation. Hot steam is directed to turbines that power generators to produce electricity.
• 😀 Indonesia is particularly rich in geothermal energy resources, with a potential of around 28 gigawatts (GW), and many countries, such as the Philippines, the U.S., and Iceland, have adopted geothermal energy technologies.

Q & A

What is geothermal energy?

Geothermal energy, or 'panas bumi,' is energy derived from the Earth's internal heat, stored beneath the Earth's surface. This heat gradually moves toward the surface and is released into the atmosphere.

Why is geothermal energy considered renewable?

Geothermal energy is considered renewable because the heat flow from the Earth's interior is continuous and not affected by factors like time of day, weather, or seasons.

Where does geothermal energy come from?

Geothermal energy originates from two main sources: residual heat from the Earth's formation, accounting for about 30%, and chemical reactions, particularly radioactive decay, within the Earth's core, contributing the remaining 70%.

How deep in the Earth do temperatures increase, and by how much?

The temperature increases by approximately 30°C for every 1 km of depth beneath the Earth's surface. At a depth of 1 km, the temperature is about 35-40°C, and it increases further as you go deeper.

What are some of the challenges associated with utilizing geothermal energy?

The main challenges in using geothermal energy are the high costs involved in accessing geothermal sources and the technology required to tap into these resources effectively.

How is hot spring water related to geothermal energy?

Hot spring water is heated by volcanic activity or geothermal rocks beneath the Earth. The water temperature can range from 60°C to over 100°C, and it contains more minerals than cold water, making it valuable for both daily use and health benefits.

What is the primary use of geothermal energy in power generation?

The largest application of geothermal energy is in electricity production. Hot steam from geothermal sources is used to drive turbines, which generate electricity through an attached generator.

What is the estimated geothermal energy potential of Indonesia?

Indonesia is blessed with a large geothermal energy potential, estimated at around 28 gigawatts (GW), making it one of the leading countries in geothermal resources.

Which countries are known for utilizing geothermal energy?

Countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Iceland, the United States, Japan, and New Zealand are known for utilizing geothermal energy for various purposes.

What is the temperature range of geothermal hot springs?

Geothermal hot springs typically have water temperatures ranging from 60°C to over 100°C, depending on the depth and the heat source within the Earth.