METODE PENELITIAN 3 - DESAIN PENELITIAN (RESEARCH DESIGN)

Summary

In this video, Zain Permana explores the fundamentals of research design in social sciences, focusing on various research methodologies. He introduces four key types of research design: descriptive, associative (correlational), comparative, and experimental (causal), explaining when and how each can be used depending on the research question. Additionally, he touches on qualitative research approaches such as exploratory, case study, ethnographic, and action research. The video serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers seeking to understand and choose the appropriate design to answer their specific research questions.

Takeaways

• 😀 Descriptive research design is used when there is no prior data about a phenomenon, and it aims to describe the characteristics or distribution of the data.
• 😀 Associative (correlational) research design seeks to determine if there is a relationship between two variables without implying causation.
• 😀 Comparative research design focuses on comparing two or more groups to understand their differences, while associative design looks at relationships.
• 😀 Experimental (causal) research design is used to establish cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating one variable and controlling others.
• 😀 Qualitative research designs, such as exploratory research, aim to investigate phenomena that are not fully understood or have not been researched deeply.
• 😀 Case studies are in-depth studies of unique cases that cannot be generalized but provide valuable insights into specific phenomena.
• 😀 Ethnography involves immersion in a culture or community to study its dynamics from within, offering a deep understanding of cultural contexts.
• 😀 Action research allows researchers to actively engage in solving a problem within a community or organization while also studying the process.
• 😀 Descriptive research design is ideal when studying new or previously unexamined terms or phenomena, such as 'anak rebahan' in the script.
• 😀 Experimental designs require strict control of variables to establish causality, while associative designs focus solely on correlations without determining causality.

Q & A

What is the purpose of research design in social sciences?

The purpose of research design in social sciences is to provide a structured approach for answering research questions. It helps in determining the methodology, data collection methods, and analysis techniques needed to address specific research problems. Research design ensures that the study is scientifically sound and results are valid.

What does 'customized' research design mean?

'Customized' research design refers to the idea that every research study is unique and should be tailored specifically to the research question being investigated. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, as different research problems require different methods and strategies.

What is the primary goal of descriptive research design?

The primary goal of descriptive research design is to describe and document a phenomenon or the distribution of data. It is used when the researcher has no prior knowledge about a subject or when data on a specific topic has not been gathered before.

How does descriptive research design differ from exploratory research design?

Descriptive research focuses on documenting and describing a phenomenon or data distribution that has not been previously studied, while exploratory research aims to understand the underlying dynamics, reasons, or mechanisms behind a phenomenon that may not have been studied in-depth before.

What is the key difference between associative (correlational) and comparative research designs?

Associative research design focuses on finding relationships or correlations between two or more variables, without asserting a causal link. In contrast, comparative research design aims to identify differences between two or more groups or phenomena, seeking to determine whether significant distinctions exist.

Can associative research design prove causality?

No, associative research design cannot prove causality. It only identifies relationships or correlations between variables, but it does not demonstrate that one variable causes the other to change.

What is the primary feature of experimental (causal) research design?

The primary feature of experimental (causal) research design is the ability to control other variables in order to test whether one specific variable causes changes in another. It aims to establish a cause-and-effect relationship by eliminating confounding factors.

What is an example of a research topic suitable for descriptive research design?

An example of a suitable research topic for descriptive research design could be the investigation of a new social phenomenon, such as the behavior of 'anak rebahan' (youth who prefer to stay inactive), where there is no prior data or research on the subject.

What does 'exploratory research design' aim to achieve in qualitative research?

Exploratory research design in qualitative research aims to investigate and understand the underlying factors, dynamics, or mechanisms of a phenomenon. It is used when the topic is not well understood or lacks a detailed scientific explanation.

When should a researcher use case study research design?

A researcher should use case study research design when studying a specific, unique, and complex phenomenon or situation that cannot be fully understood through general theories or models. It involves in-depth analysis and observation of a particular case or context.