3. Qué es el átomo - QUÍMICA (Estructura ATÓMICA)

Summary

This video explains the basic structure of the atom, introducing its subatomic particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons. It describes the atom as the fundamental unit of matter, with electrons orbiting a nucleus containing protons and neutrons. The video highlights how protons and neutrons contribute to the atom's mass, while electrons carry a negative charge. The concept of ionization is also covered, explaining how atoms can gain or lose electrons, resulting in negatively charged anions or positively charged cations. The video concludes with tips on calculating atomic mass and understanding the balance of charges in neutral and charged atoms.

Takeaways

• 😀 Atoms are the smallest unit of matter and are composed of subatomic particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons.
• 😀 Electrons have a negative charge and are found orbiting the nucleus of the atom.
• 😀 Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus, determining the atomic number of the element.
• 😀 Neutrons are neutral (no charge) and, along with protons, contribute to the atom's mass.
• 😀 The atomic mass is calculated by adding the number of protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus.
• 😀 The charge of an atom is balanced when the number of protons equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
• 😀 When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged (anion), while losing electrons results in a positively charged atom (cation).
• 😀 The atomic number (Z) represents the number of protons in an atom, and it uniquely identifies the element.
• 😀 The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, shown as the superscript in atomic notation.
• 😀 In neutral atoms, the number of protons equals the number of electrons, but this balance shifts in charged atoms.
• 😀 To calculate the number of electrons in a charged atom, take into account whether the atom is a cation or anion based on its charge.

Q & A

What is an atom?

An atom is the smallest unit of matter, composed of subatomic particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons.

What are the main subatomic particles in an atom?

The main subatomic particles in an atom are electrons (negative charge), protons (positive charge), and neutrons (neutral charge).

Where are electrons located in an atom?

Electrons are located in the electron cloud, which surrounds the nucleus of an atom.

What is the charge and mass of an electron?

Electrons have a negative charge, and their mass is negligible compared to protons and neutrons.

What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

The nucleus of an atom contains protons, which have a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no charge (neutral).

How is the atomic mass calculated?

The atomic mass is calculated by adding the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

What happens when an atom gains electrons?

When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged and is referred to as an anion.

What is the result of an atom losing electrons?

When an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged and is referred to as a cation.

What is the relationship between protons and electrons in a neutral atom?

In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons, balancing out their charges.

How do you calculate the number of electrons in an ion?

To calculate the number of electrons in an ion, you adjust the number of electrons based on the charge of the atom. If the atom is negatively charged, it has more electrons than protons; if it is positively charged, it has fewer electrons than protons.