Kenapa Hari Pahlawan Diperingati Setiap 10 November?

Summary

The video explains the significance of Indonesia's National Heroes Day, observed on November 10th, marking a pivotal moment in the country's struggle for independence. It recounts the historical context, focusing on the Battle of Surabaya in 1945, where Indonesian youth, inspired by the stirring speeches of Bung Tomo, fought against British forces. The British had issued an ultimatum to surrender weapons, but the people of Surabaya resisted. The ensuing battle became one of the fiercest in Indonesia’s fight for independence, cementing November 10th as a day to honor the sacrifices of those who fought for the nation’s freedom.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan) is commemorated every 10th of November in Indonesia to honor the struggle for independence.
• 😀 The history of Heroes' Day begins with the truce signed on October 29, 1945, between Indonesia and the British forces.
• 😀 Tensions continued after the truce, leading to clashes between Indonesian fighters and British forces in Surabaya.
• 😀 The conflict escalated when Brigadier General Malabi of the British forces was killed by Indonesian youth on October 30, 1945.
• 😀 In response to Malabi's death, the British issued an ultimatum on November 10, 1945, demanding Indonesian forces surrender their weapons and cease resistance.
• 😀 The British threatened to bomb Surabaya from land, sea, and air if the Indonesians did not comply with their demands.
• 😀 Despite the British threats, the people of Surabaya ignored the ultimatum, leading to intense fighting on November 10, 1945.
• 😀 The battle on November 10, 1945, became a defining moment in Indonesia's independence struggle, marking it as Heroes' Day.
• 😀 The heroism of Bung Tomo became iconic as he delivered powerful speeches to rally the people of Surabaya.
• 😀 Bung Tomo's famous phrase, 'Merdeka atau mati' (Freedom or death), ignited the fighting spirit of Indonesians during the battle for Surabaya.

Q & A

Why is Hero's Day (Hari Pahlawan) commemorated every year on November 10th in Indonesia?

Hero's Day is commemorated on November 10th to honor the people who fought for Indonesia's independence, particularly the Battle of Surabaya, which took place on this date in 1945. The day marks a significant event in the struggle against colonial forces.

What was the initial event that led to the commemoration of Hero's Day in Indonesia?

The commemoration began after the battle following the death of British Brigadier General Malabi on October 30, 1945, during an altercation between Indonesian forces and the British army in Surabaya.

What was the reaction of the British after Brigadier General Malabi's death?

The British were enraged after Brigadier General Malabi was killed and issued an ultimatum on November 10, 1945, demanding that Indonesians surrender their weapons and cease resistance.

What was the significance of the ultimatum issued by Major General Eric Karden?

Major General Eric Karden's ultimatum was a direct threat to Indonesian forces in Surabaya, warning of an attack from land, sea, and air unless they complied. It was part of the broader effort by the British to quell the Indonesian independence movement.

Why did the people of Surabaya not respond to the British ultimatum?

The people of Surabaya refused to surrender or comply with the British ultimatum, as they were determined to continue their fight for independence. Their resistance was a key moment in the Indonesian struggle against colonial powers.

How did Bung Tomo contribute to the Battle of Surabaya and the national struggle?

Bung Tomo played a pivotal role by rallying the people of Surabaya through his impassioned speeches. His famous oration, 'Merdeka atau Mati' (Freedom or Death), inspired many to continue the fight against colonial forces.

What does the phrase 'Merdeka atau Mati' (Freedom or Death) symbolize in the context of the battle?

'Merdeka atau Mati' became a rallying cry symbolizing the extreme determination of Indonesians to either gain independence or die fighting for it. It embodied the fierce spirit of resistance during the Battle of Surabaya.

How did Bung Tomo's speeches impact the people's morale during the battle?

Bung Tomo's speeches had a profound impact on the morale of the people in Surabaya. His ability to stir patriotism and courage in the face of overwhelming odds helped sustain the Indonesian resistance throughout the battle.

What made the Battle of Surabaya on November 10, 1945, one of the most significant moments in Indonesia's independence struggle?

The Battle of Surabaya was one of the most significant moments because it was the largest and bloodiest confrontation between the Indonesian people and the colonial forces. It marked a defining moment in Indonesia's fight for independence.

How is Bung Tomo remembered in Indonesian history today?

Bung Tomo is remembered as a national hero for his leadership and his role in inspiring the people of Surabaya. His speeches and actions are celebrated, and he is regarded as a symbol of courage and patriotism in Indonesia's history.