How To Use Past Perfect Tenses | SIMPLE or CONTINUOUS
Summary
TLDREl canal mmmEnglish de YouTube, dirigido por su coach Emma, se enfoca en una habilidad fundamental de comunicación: contar historias en inglés. Para ello, se centra en el uso preciso de los tiempos pasados, especialmente el tiempo pasado perfecto continuo, que permite relatar eventos pasados de manera más precisa y emocionante. Emma compara el pasado perfecto continuo con el pasado perfecto simple, destacando sus similitudes y diferencias. Además de la gramática, ofrece práctica del habla con el uso de contracciones y acento en el habla natural. La lección incluye ejemplos prácticos, ejercicios y un breve cuestionario para reforzar la comprensión y el uso del tiempo pasado perfecto continuo. Emma también recomienda la plataforma Lingoda para aprender inglés y otros idiomas en línea de manera flexible y estructurada. Finalmente, anima a los estudiantes a practicar el tiempo pasado perfecto continuo a través de la escritura y les invita a suscribirse al canal para recibir nuevas lecciones de gramática.
Takeaways
- 📚 La habilidad fundamental de contar historias en inglés requiere el uso preciso de los tiempos pasados.
- 🗣️ Los tiempos narrativos en inglés, como el pasado perfecto continuo, ayudan a contar historias de manera interesante y con precisión.
- 🔍 El pasado perfecto continuo se utiliza para describir una acción que empezó antes de un momento específico y que estaba en progreso en ese momento pasado.
- 👍 Para contar historias más vívidamente, se pueden combinar diferentes tiempos pasados para especificar cómo y cuándo ocurrieron las acciones.
- 📝 Al practicar la estructura del pasado perfecto continuo, se mejora la capacidad de contar historias de manera clara y precisa.
- 🙅♀️ No todos los verbos se pueden usar en el tiempo continuo; los verbos estativos, como 'ver', 'saber' y 'oler', generalmente no se utilizan en esta forma.
- 🎶 La pronunciación natural y relajada del pasado perfecto continuo incluye el uso de contracciones, como 'I'd' en lugar de 'I had'.
- 💡 Aunque el pasado perfecto continuo es menos común en el habla cotidiana, es útil para dar énfasis a la duración de una acción.
- 🔄 El pasado perfecto simple indica una acción completada, mientras que el pasado perfecto continuo indica una acción incompleta en un momento dado.
- ✍️ La escritura diaria es una excelente oportunidad para practicar el uso de los tiempos narrativos y contar historias de manera ordenada.
- 🔄 La elección entre el pasado perfecto y el pasado perfecto continuo a menudo depende de la empatía o percepción del hablante sobre la acción, ya sea temporal o permanente.
Q & A
¿Qué habilidad de comunicación fundamental se aborda en el video?
-Se aborda la habilidad de contar historias en inglés, que es fundamental para la comunicación.
¿Por qué es útil saber usar los tiempos pasados correctamente al contar historias en inglés?
-Es útil para contar historias de manera interesante y capturadora, ya que permite dar información precisa sobre cómo y cuándo ocurrieron los eventos pasados.
¿Qué tiempos verbales se consideran como tiempos narrativos en inglés?
-Los tiempos narrativos incluyen el pasado simple, el pasado continuo, el pasado perfecto y el pasado perfecto continuo.
¿Cómo se forma una oración en pasado perfecto continuo?
-Se forma usando los verbos auxiliares 'had' y 'been', junto con el verbo principal en forma -ing.
¿Cómo se crean oraciones negativas en pasado perfecto continuo?
-Se colocan las palabras 'not' o 'n't' entre 'had' y 'been' para formar las oraciones negativas.
¿Por qué puede ser menos común el uso del pasado perfecto continuo en el habla coloquial del inglés?
-El pasado perfecto continuo puede sonar muy formal en la lengua hablada y puede ser más natural utilizar el pasado continuo.
¿Qué son los verbos estativos y por qué no se utilizan en el tiempo continuo?
-Los verbos estativos describen un estado de ser en lugar de una acción y generalmente no se utilizan en el tiempo continuo, como 'see', 'taste' y 'smell'.
¿Cómo se debe usar el verbo 'had' en el pasado perfecto?
-El verbo 'had' se utiliza de manera uniforme para todas las personas, sin importar el sujeto, para indicar una acción completada en el pasado.
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el pasado perfecto simple y el pasado perfecto continuo en términos de la acción descrita?
-El pasado perfecto simple muestra una acción completada, mientras que el pasado perfecto continuo muestra una acción incompleta o en progreso en un momento dado del pasado.
¿Cómo afecta el uso del pasado perfecto continuo la duración o longitud de la acción en una oración?
-El pasado perfecto continuo ayuda a enfatizar la duración o longitud de la acción, indicando que se pasó mucho tiempo realizándola.
¿Cómo se puede practicar el uso del pasado perfecto continuo?
-Se puede practicar escribiendo sobre eventos del día o utilizando el tiempo en narraciones escritas para contar historias y eventos en un orden claro y preciso.
¿Por qué Lingoda es una opción recomendada para aprender inglés y otros idiomas?
-Lingoda es recomendada debido a su plataforma en línea fácil de usar, profesores nativos, y la flexibilidad de sus clases privadas y grupales disponibles las 24 horas del día, los 7 días de la semana.
Outlines
😀 Introducción a la habilidad de contar historias en inglés
El vídeo comienza con una introducción por parte de Emma, la coach del canal mmmEnglish de YouTube, quien enfatiza la importancia de contar historias en inglés, ya sea basado en experiencias reales o inventadas para entretener. Destaca el uso de los tiempos pasados para hablar de eventos pasados y cómo el manejo adecuado de los tiempos pasados mejora la capacidad de contar historias de manera interesante y comprometida. Emma también menciona la estructura del tiempo pasado perfecto continuo y su relación con el tiempo pasado perfecto, prometiendo una práctica de pronunciación y un mini-quizz para practicar lo aprendido. Incluye un agradecimiento a Lingoda, una plataforma de aprendizaje de idiomas en línea que ofrece clases de inglés, alemán, francés y español, destacando su flexibilidad y calidad en la enseñanza.
📚 Uso del tiempo pasado perfecto continuo en la narración
Emma explica el tiempo pasado perfecto continuo, un tiempo verbal que describe un evento que comenzó antes de un momento específico y que aún estaba en curso en ese momento pasado. Utiliza ejemplos para ilustrar cómo este tiempo verbal puede hacer que las historias sean más precisas y vivas. Se discuten las formas negativas y la importancia de la pronunciación al usar este tiempo verbal, incluyendo la práctica de contracciones para sonar natural en inglés. Además, se menciona que el tiempo pasado perfecto continuo es menos común en el habla coloquial y que a menudo se prefiere el tiempo pasado continuo para sonar más natural.
🙅♀️ Errores comunes con el tiempo pasado perfecto continuo
Emma aborda los errores comunes que suelen cometer los estudiantes con el tiempo pasado perfecto continuo. Destaca que no todos los verbos se pueden usar en tiempo continuo, especialmente los verbos estativos que describen un estado en lugar de una acción. Propone soluciones para corregir estas frases y también señala la importancia de usar 'had' para el pasado perfecto, sin importar la concordancia de sujeto en inglés. Explica las sutilezas entre el pasado perfecto simple y el pasado perfecto continuo, y cómo la elección entre ellos puede cambiar la percepción de la acción como temporal o permanente.
📝 Practicando con el tiempo pasado perfecto continuo
Para finalizar, Emma ofrece un ejercicio práctico para que los estudiantes apliquen el tiempo pasado perfecto continuo uniendo dos eventos pasados en una sola oración. Anima a los estudiantes a participar escribiendo sus oraciones en los comentarios para recibir retroalimentación. Además, sugiere que la escritura diaria puede ser una excelente manera de practicar el uso de los tiempos narrativos para contar la historia de su día de manera clara y precisa. Finalmente, invita a los estudiantes a suscribirse y activar las notificaciones para no perderse ninguna lección nueva y les desea un buen aprendizaje.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Narrative Tenses
💡Past Perfect Continuous
💡Past Simple
💡Past Continuous
💡Auxiliary Verbs
💡Stative Verbs
💡Present Perfect Continuous
💡Adverbs of Duration
💡Temporary vs. Permanent Actions
💡Pronunciation Practice
💡Lingoda
Highlights
Emma, the coach, focuses on the language needed to tell stories in English, emphasizing its importance as a fundamental communication skill.
Narrative tenses, including past perfect continuous, are crucial for accurately describing past events in a story.
Past perfect continuous is used to describe an event that started before a specific moment in the past and was still in progress at that time.
The auxiliary verbs 'had' and 'been' are used in past perfect continuous sentences, often contracted in spoken English for a more natural sound.
Pronunciation practice is integrated into the lesson to ensure a natural and relaxed use of the tense, similar to native speakers.
Lingoda is recommended for its excellent language learning platform, flexible scheduling, and high-quality teachers.
Lingoda offers a wide range of language classes, including English, business English, German, French, and Spanish.
A special discount code is provided for Lingoda, offering a twenty euro discount on the first month.
Common mistakes with past perfect continuous include using stative verbs and incorrect verb conjugation.
Past perfect continuous is less common in spoken English and often sounds more formal; past continuous may be used for a more natural tone.
The past perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of an action, while past perfect emphasizes the action's completion.
The choice between past perfect and past perfect continuous can reflect the speaker's perception of the action as temporary or permanent.
A mini quiz is included at the end of the lesson to help practice the use of past perfect continuous tense.
Writing about daily activities can be an effective way to practice using narrative tenses and improve storytelling skills.
Subscribing to the mmmEnglish channel and turning on notifications ensures viewers don't miss new lessons and grammar tips.
Emma promises more grammar lessons in the coming weeks to improve accuracy in English language use.
Transcripts
Welcome back to the mmmEnglish Youtube Channel,
I'm your coach, Emma and today we're going to focus on the
language that you need to tell stories in English
which is a fundamental communication skill, isn't it?
When we tell stories, whether they're based on real experiences or
they're made up stories to entertain others,
we're usually talking about something that happened in the past,
a past event.
So knowing how to accurately use the past tenses is really useful
but it's also going to help you to tell stories in an interesting
and engaging way.
You might have seen narrative tenses in English textbooks.
So this refers to verb tenses that are used to talk about the past
and help you to tell a story.
So in this lesson today we are going to take a close look at the
past perfect continuous and of course, I'm going to share
the similarities and differences between this tense
and the past perfect because they're kind of similar.
Even though this is a grammar lesson,
we're going to do some pronunciation practice and have some fun
along the way and make sure you stick with me to the end,
I've got a mini quiz to help you practise everything you learn
in this lesson. Let's get to it!
Before we get started today, I'd like to give a little shout out to our
good friends at Lingoda who are huge supporters of
the mmmEnglish channel and without them,
this lesson just wouldn't be possible.
Now there are a lot of language schools in the world today but
Lingoda is the one that I choose to recommend for you because
their platform, their lessons and their teachers create an excellent
language learning experience. One way you get to interact
and learn with real people
but everything happens online in a really structured organised way.
The flexibility is a huge plus, you can join private classes
and small group classes
twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.
And you can attend from anywhere as long as you've got
a solid internet connection.
Their online platform is easy to use and they've got native
teachers available not only for English and business English
but for German, French and Spanish as well
and with group classes costing just eight euros a class,
I think they offer exceptional value for money too.
Now Lingoda offer plenty of options to suit your learning goals
and your availability including the chance
to experience their classes for seven days
absolutely free before you commit to regular study with them.
Now if this sounds like something you'd be interested in
make sure you check out the link down in the description below.
I'm also going to add the link to their Instagram feed as well
because that's where you can find some real stories
about students of Lingoda including me.
And if you do decide to jump in
and try out Lingoda, make sure you use this code right here
which is going to give you a super cool twenty euro discount
on your first month which is definitely
a great way to get started in 2021.
Now narrative tenses, like I said earlier is just another way
to talk about the past tenses and so they include
the past simple, the past continuous, the past perfect
and the past perfect continuous.
And a narrative is a spoken or a written account
of connected events. A story.
And these tenses help us to give accurate information about
how and when events happened in the past
so the past perfect continuous gives us very specific
information about the state of the action
and when I say state, I'm talking about whether or not that action
or that event has started,
if it was in progress or it was complete
at a particular moment in the past.
So it helps us to order our stories
but it'll be much easier if I show you an example
so that you can see what I'm talking about.
Last week, I went for a bike ride.
I saw my friend Paul.
So these two sentences are both written in the past simple
aren't they? They're completed actions. They're finished.
When we put them on a timeline we can see that
they both took place at some point in the past but
we don't know when or which one happened first, do we?
So by using a combination of narrative tenses
we can be more precise about how and when these actions
took place so if we use the past perfect continuous,
we're going to bring our story to life.
I had been riding my bike when I saw my friend Paul.
So when I put one of these actions into the
past perfect continuous,
it becomes really clear that the bike riding started
before I met Paul and at the moment in time when I met Paul
the bike riding was incomplete.
I hadn't finished riding my bike when I saw Paul.
So the past perfect continuous describes an event
an event that started before a particular moment in time
and it was still in progress at that time in the past.
Let's look at another example.
She had been working in the garden
when it started to rain.
So at that moment,
at the moment it started to rain
what was the state of the action working?
Had she finished working in the garden?
No, when the rain started, the gardening or working in the garden
was incomplete. There was still more work
to be done. It wasn't finished.
Now if you've been paying attention, you've probably already
noticed what goes into a past perfect continuous
sentence. They use the auxiliary verbs had and been
along with the main verb which is in -ing form.
Let's just go back to those original examples.
I had been riding my bike when I saw my friend Paul.
She had been working in the garden
when it started to rain.
Now you can create negative sentences by putting not
between had and being.
Had not been.
I had not been riding my bike.
She hadn't been working in the garden.
So before we go any further why don't you take a moment
just to write a few sentences
with this tense just to practise the structure,
add them down into the comments below.
I'll be down there to review them and give a little bit of help
if you need it.
And before we go any further in this lesson, I want to take a
few moments to focus on your pronunciation to make sure that
when you are using this tense you're sounding natural and relaxed
just like me or any other native English speaker
and using contractions with the past perfect continuous is
definitely going to help.
Now if you've watched my lesson about auxiliary verbs
which is up here if you need it,
you'll know that auxiliary verbs are usually
unstressed and it changes the way that they are spoken.
They are usually connected to the subject in spoken English
and that makes a contraction.
In a past perfect continuous sentence
there are two auxiliary verbs had and being
but had is the one that is contracted to the subject
so it's very natural to say I'd instead of I had,
you'd instead of you had,
she'd, he'd, we'd
they'd
and the trickiest one, it'd.
Try it.
It'd been raining all day.
Now the verb been is also an auxillary verb
and although it doesn't get contracted in the same way that
had does, it's also unstressed in spoken English
so you won't really hear people saying
been, they had been here.
What you'll actually hear is been.
Been with a short vowel sound.
I'd been doing the shopping.
You'd been listening to music.
He'd been cooking.
It'd been raining.
You get the idea.
Usually at this point I'd continue on and show you how all
of these contractions sound in the negative form as well
but I've got something that might come as a bit of a surprise.
The past perfect continuous is actually not very common
in spoken English.
It just sounds quite formal in spoken language,
maybe it's all of those auxiliary verbs
so you'll often hear people using the past continuous
just to sound a little bit more natural.
Now if you really want to get some pronunciation practice
with past perfect contractions, you can check out this lesson
up here where I go into it in a lot more detail.
Okay so let's talk about some of the most common mistakes
that my students are making with this tense
and actually, there are two of them the first one is using verbs that
can't be used in the continuous tense.
Yeah not all verbs can be used in the continuous tense
like this sentence here, something's not quite right about it.
The verb see just like other verbs of the senses
like taste and smell, these are stative verbs
and stative verbs describe a state of being rather than an action
and usually they can't be used in the continuous tense.
This sentence is going to sound so much better if we use an action
verb instead.
I'd been watching the waves when I bumped into Paul.
Or if you really want to use the verb see then just switch the tense.
I saw the waves crashing into the shore
and later I bumped into Paul.
The second mistake that I see my students making all of the time
is this one.
She has been working in the garden
when it started to rain.
Can you see what's wrong with this one?
This is the present perfect continuous, the past perfect uses had.
No matter what the subject is, we use had in the past perfect.
You're used to conjugating verbs for the third person singular
subjects in English, she, he and it
but not with the past perfect.
You only use had no matter what the subject.
You're probably feeling pretty confident with this tense by now
but you might be wondering
well how is this tense different from the past perfect simple?
Well there are three ways to compare these two tenses
and I'm going to go through it right now. Are you ready?
The first difference to remember is that the past perfect
shows a completed action whereas the past perfect continuous
shows an incomplete action.
We had just been for a bike ride when we bumped into Paul.
Or we could also say:
We had been riding our bikes when we bumped into Paul.
So in the first example
we're using the past perfect simple
to explain that the bike ride was complete when we met Paul.
We're not riding anymore the ride is over
but in the second example,
the past perfect continuous
tells us that the bike ride is still in progress.
It's an incomplete action.
Is that clear? Good.
However both of these tenses can actually express
a completed action, especially when we're using them
with the adverbs for and since which is really common
in perfect tenses, isn't it? Let's have a look at an example.
I had been cleaning for hours to prepare for the party.
Or we could say I had cleaned for hours to prepare for the party.
The meaning is almost the same in both sentences
but the emphasis shifts just ever so slightly
because the past perfect continuous helps us to emphasise
the duration or the length of the action,
you know, I spent a long time cleaning and now finally
the house is clean.
The past perfect sentence emphasises that the action is complete
so I've finished cleaning and as a result
the house is ready for the party.
Now in reality, in many situations, you can use either the past
perfect or the past perfect continuous
and it's just that subtle difference in meaning that makes
your sentences a little more powerful.
Now the third difference that you need to be aware of
is about how that action is viewed.
Is it a temporary action or is it a permanent one?
He had lived in London for five years.
Now in that sentence we view the action as being permanent
using the past perfect but compare that to:
He had been living in London for five years.
Now in that sentence we view the action as being temporary.
It's so subtle. It's not the meaning of the sentence that changes.
Both of those sentences are correct, there's just a teeny tiny shift
in the way that we view the action, whether it's temporary
or it's permanent. Let me give you another example.
My brother had been working in a restaurant for two years
when he decided to study medicine.
So I'm using the past perfect continuous here because
I think of that job as being temporary.
Now, on the other hand, my brother would say:
I had worked in the restaurant industry for two years
before I started studying medicine.
So he's using the past perfect because he viewed that action
that work as being permanent. He thought that that career
would be a permanent one in the restaurant industry.
So you can see that there isn't always a right or a wrong answer,
sometimes it just comes down to emphasis or perception
and the way that you choose to communicate your story.
The way that you choose to express something might actually be
different to the way that someone else does
and that's okay.
All right I think it's time for a quiz now. We've gone through
how to accurately use the past perfect continuous tense.
Now let's practise actually using it together.
I'm going to give you two events or two actions and both of these
things have taken place in the past so all you need to do is
join them together into one sentence and make sure you use
the past perfect continuous.
So for example, the first event is we played football.
This is the thing that was happening first but then
something else happened. It started to rain.
So your answer could be:
We had been playing football when it started to rain.
Okay so now it's your turn to write these sentences.
I want you to write them down in the comments below
so I can come down and check them for you,
give you some feedback if you need them.
I'm not going to go through the answers in this video.
So the first event: We waited for the bus for an hour.
And the second event: The bus finally arrived.
Hit pause if you need to, write your sentence down below.
Okay try this one.
He worked at the supermarket for a long time.
One day he became the manager.
They spent the whole afternoon cooking
but the dinner guests cancelled.
So how did you do? I hope that this lesson has helped to make
the past perfect continuous a little clearer
and hopefully, you feel a bit more comfortable using it now.
Another really great way for you to practise and become
more familiar with this tense is through your writing.
Even if it's as simple and mundane as writing about what you did
during the day, it's an awesome opportunity to practise
using narrative tenses to help you accurately tell the story
of your day in order so that it's clear
when and how these events happened in relation to each other.
If you haven't already subscribed to the channel yet,
make sure you do, turn on notifications so that you know
as soon as I've got a new lesson ready for you. I've got some really
great grammar lessons coming up that are going to help you to
improve your accuracy over the next several weeks.
I'll be back next week with a brand new lesson
but while you're waiting, why not check out this one right here?
I'll see you in there!
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