Sejarah Kerajaan Singasari | Sejarah SMA

Summary

The Singasari Kingdom, a prominent Hindu-Buddhist realm in East Java (1222-1292 AD), was marked by political intrigue and territorial expansion under its last king, Kertanagara. Initially known as the Tumapel Kingdom, it thrived through maritime trade and successfully repelled Kublai Khan's forces. Founded by Ken Arok, a commoner who seized power through murder, the kingdom witnessed a turbulent succession marked by family feuds. Despite its achievements, Singasari fell to Jayakatwang, who proclaimed himself King of Kadiri, paving the way for the emergence of the Majapahit Kingdom under Raden Wijaya, Kertanagara's son-in-law.

Takeaways

• 🏰 The Singasari Kingdom, also known as the Tumapel Kingdom, ruled from 1222 to 1292 AD in East Java.
• ⚔️ The kingdom was marked by intense political feuds among royal family members over the throne.
• 👑 Kertanagara was the last and most successful king, expanding the kingdom's territory significantly.
• 🌏 Singasari controlled a vast area, including Java, Madura, Bali, and parts of the Malay Peninsula and beyond.
• 🚢 The kingdom played a crucial role in controlling vital trade and maritime routes across Southeast Asia.
• 🛡️ Singasari notably repelled Kublai Khan's invasions, a rare achievement among Asian regions at that time.
• ⛪ Significant relics from the Singasari Kingdom include Kidal Temple, Singasari Temple, and Jago Temple.
• 📜 The history of the Singasari Kingdom is recorded in the Pararaton and Nagarakretagama chronicles.
• ⚖️ Ken Arok, a commoner, founded Singasari after a series of murders and power struggles within the royal family.
• 💔 The kingdom's decline began with Kertanagara's murder by Jayakatwang, leading to the rise of the Majapahit Kingdom.

Q & A

What was the duration of the Singasari Kingdom's reign?

The Singasari Kingdom reigned for 70 years, from 1222 to 1292 AD.

Who was the last and most successful king of the Singasari Kingdom?

The last and most successful king of the Singasari Kingdom was Kertanagara.

What territories did the Singasari Kingdom encompass under Kertanagara's leadership?

Under Kertanagara, Singasari's territory included Java, Madura, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, parts of Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and the Maluku Islands.

What significant military achievement did the Singasari Kingdom accomplish?

The Singasari Kingdom successfully repelled the threat of Kublai Khan, the Mongolian emperor, which was a notable achievement for the region.

What was the original name of the Singasari Kingdom?

The actual name of the Singasari Kingdom was the Tumapel Kingdom, with its capital initially named Kutaraja.

What event led to Ken Arok becoming the first king of Singasari?

Ken Arok became the first king of Singasari after murdering Tunggul Ametung, the Akuwu of Tumapel, to seize control and marry his wife, Ken Dedes.

How did the Singasari Kingdom's internal conflicts affect its rulers?

The Singasari Kingdom experienced bloody feuds among family members, leading to the murders of several rulers, including Ken Arok, Anusapati, and Tohjaya.

What was the relationship between the Singasari and Majapahit Kingdoms?

The Majapahit Kingdom succeeded the Singasari Kingdom, founded by Raden Wijaya, who was Kertanagara's son-in-law.

What major economic activities did the Singasari Kingdom control?

The Singasari Kingdom controlled trade in spices, rice, gold, and sandalwood, as well as significant maritime routes.

Which literary works are essential for tracing the history of the Singasari Kingdom?

The Pararaton and Nagarakretagama chronicles are key literary works used to trace the history of the Singasari Kingdom.