Les bons gestes en maçonnerie - Escalier droit

Summary

This video provides a step-by-step guide to constructing a straight concrete staircase. It covers essential tools, materials, and safety equipment, then walks through preparation, layout, and precise measurement using Blondel's rule. The tutorial details coffrage construction, reinforcement installation, and contremarches placement, including variations with inverted stringers. It explains proper concrete pouring, vibration, and curing techniques to ensure stability and durability. Finally, the video outlines careful décoffrage procedures and finishing touches, ensuring a safe, functional, and aesthetically pleasing staircase. Ideal for both DIY enthusiasts and professionals seeking clear, practical instructions for building a compliant, comfortable staircase.

Takeaways

• 🛠️ Essential tools for building a straight staircase include a traditional toolbox, level, drill, circular saw, screwdriver, ruler, vibrating needle, sprayer, and stair nose iron.
• 📦 Key materials include plywood, beams, battens, wedges, reinforcements, curing product, and concrete.
• 🦺 Safety is crucial: wear gloves, helmet, safety glasses, hearing protection, and safety shoes or boots.
• 📏 Use Blondel's rule to calculate the height and width of steps and risers, ensuring comfort and compliance with regulations.
• ✏️ Begin by checking the existing support and tracing the staircase layout, including stringers, landing, and platform, accounting for finishing layers.
• 🔨 Coffering involves securing a bottom batten, setting up temporary supports with beams, and installing plywood formwork for the landing and platform.
• 🧱 Reinforcement requires placing steel according to design plans, using spacers to ensure proper concrete coverage, and securing all elements.
• 📐 Risers can be made from planed beams or plywood, installed at a slight angle to facilitate finishing, and connected with a central batten to prevent deformation.
• ⚡ Alternative riser installation uses inverted stringers for precise alignment, adjustable for finishing access.
• 🏗️ Pour concrete using S2-S3 class, vibrate gradually, level the steps, and apply curing product to avoid rapid drying.
• ⏳ Remove riser formwork the next day and platform formwork after 28 days when concrete has fully cured, cleaning any excess or debris.

Q & A

What tools are necessary for building a straight staircase?

In addition to traditional tools like a toolbox, you'll need specific tools such as a lathe, perforator, circular saw, drill driver, ruler, vibrating needle, spray bottle, and a stair nose iron.

What materials are required for constructing a straight staircase?

The materials include plywood, beams, battens, braces, reinforcements, curing product, and concrete.

What safety equipment should be worn during the construction of the staircase?

For safety, wear gloves, a helmet, goggles, hearing protection, safety boots, and safety shoes.

How does the rule of Blondel help in building a staircase?

The rule of Blondel is used to define the height and width of the stairs and risers. It ensures proper comfort, with a step height between 60 and 64 cm.

What is the first step in building a straight staircase?

The first step is preparation. The staircase must connect two levels using a series of steps of equal dimensions. The rule of Blondel will help determine the proper dimensions for the steps.

How do you create the layout for the staircase?

Start by verifying the dimensions of the existing support structure, then trace the layout for the stringer, the underside of the tread, and the landing, considering the thickness of the finished floor coverings.

What is the process for coffering a staircase?

For coffering, begin by fixing a batten to the ground at the lower edge of the first step. Then, use battens distributed across the width of the staircase to create support scaffolding. Install the formwork skin by cutting plywood sheets to size.

How is reinforcement (ferraillage) done for a staircase?

Reinforcement is done according to the structural plan provided by the study office. Install casings for concrete to ensure proper encasing of the reinforcements, and fix all reinforcement elements in place.

What are the steps for installing the risers in the staircase?

Risers are made from planed beams or plywood, depending on the desired finish. They should be cut at an angle to facilitate the finish, and then fixed to the sides of the staircase according to the layout.

How is the concrete pouring process handled in staircase construction?

Concrete should be poured with a consistency between S2 and S3. Use a vibrator to compact the concrete, ensuring the steps are leveled. After the concrete has cured, spray a curing product on the surface to prevent rapid dehydration.