Rangka Aksial pada Sistem Rangka Manusia

Summary

In this educational video, Widyaningsih discusses the axial skeleton system in humans, focusing on four key parts: the skull and face, ear bones, vertebrae, and the ribcage. She explains the different bones that make up the skull, such as the frontal, sphenoid, and occipital bones, as well as the ear bones, including the malleus, incus, and stapes. The video also covers the 33 vertebrae in the spinal column and details about the sternum and ribs. Viewers are encouraged to like and subscribe for more content about the appendicular skeleton.

Takeaways

• 😀 The axial skeleton system consists of four main parts in humans.
• 🧠 The first part is the skull and face, including bones like the frontal bone (forehead), sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal bone, and jaw bones (maxilla and mandible).
• 👂 The second part consists of the hearing bones in the ear: malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup).
• 👤 The third part is the vertebral column, which includes 33 vertebrae divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions.
• 💀 The fourth part includes the sternum (breastbone) and ribs, with the sternum divided into three parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.
• 🦴 The ribs consist of true ribs (7 pairs), false ribs (3 pairs), and floating ribs (2 pairs), each attaching differently to the sternum or vertebrae.
• 🔑 A helpful mnemonic for remembering the ear bones is 'MISS' for Malleus, Incus, and Stapes.
• 🏋️ The vertebral column sections include 7 cervical (neck) vertebrae, 12 thoracic (upper back), 5 lumbar (lower back), 5 sacral (fused in pelvis), and 4 coccygeal (tailbone).
• 🦵 The sternum's manubrium, body, and xiphoid process help to support the rib cage.
• 📚 The lesson ends with a preview of the next topic, which will be the appendicular skeleton system.

Q & A

What are the four main parts of the axial skeleton in the human body?

The four main parts of the axial skeleton are the skull and face bones, the auditory ossicles, the vertebrae (spine), and the sternum and ribs.

Which bones are included in the skull and face?

The bones included in the skull and face are the frontal bone (forehead), sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, lacrimal bone (tear bone), nasal bone, zygomatic bone (cheekbone), maxilla (upper jaw), mandible (lower jaw), occipital bone (back of the head), temporal bone, and parietal bone (crown of the head).

How many auditory ossicles are present in the human ear, and what are their names?

There are three auditory ossicles in the human ear: malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup).

What is the mnemonic provided to remember the auditory ossicles?

The mnemonic to remember the auditory ossicles is 'MIS,' where M stands for malleus, I for incus, and S for stapes. In Indonesian, it becomes 'Miss Malas.'

How many vertebrae make up the spine, and how are they distributed?

The spine consists of 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical (neck), 12 thoracic (upper back), 5 lumbar (lower back), 5 sacral (pelvic area), and 4 coccygeal (tailbone).

What are the parts of the sternum?

The sternum consists of three parts: the manubrium (upper part), the body (middle part), and the xiphoid process (lower part).

How many types of ribs are there, and how are they classified?

There are three types of ribs: true ribs (seven pairs that attach directly to the sternum), false ribs (three pairs that attach indirectly via other ribs), and floating ribs (two pairs that do not attach to the sternum at all).

What is the difference between true, false, and floating ribs?

True ribs are directly connected to the sternum at the front and the thoracic vertebrae at the back. False ribs are connected to the thoracic vertebrae at the back but attach indirectly to the sternum by connecting to the true ribs. Floating ribs are only connected to the vertebrae at the back and do not attach to the sternum.

What is the next topic mentioned after the axial skeleton?

The next topic mentioned after the axial skeleton is the appendicular skeleton.

What is the function of the axial skeleton in the human body?

The axial skeleton provides structural support and protection for the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and lungs.