5 Rasio Keuangan Paling Penting Bagi Investor Saham dan Cara Hitungnya

Summary

In this video, the presenter discusses how reading financial statements is not enough for investors and introduces five important financial ratios for evaluating a company's health. These include Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Equity (ROE), Earnings Per Share (EPS), Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E), and Debt to Equity Ratio (D/E). The presenter explains how to calculate each ratio using a case study of a company’s 2019 financials. The conclusion is that while the company has strong fundamentals, its stock is currently overvalued. The video aims to help new investors assess whether a company is worth investing in.

Takeaways

• 📈 The video discusses how to evaluate a company's financial health using financial ratios, which is crucial for beginner investors.
• 💡 Net Profit Margin (NPM) is highlighted as an important ratio, measuring the percentage of net profit to net sales, with a higher percentage indicating a better financial performance.
• 🔢 The formula for NPM is given as Net Profit Margin = Net Profit / Net Sales * 100%, and an NPM above 10% is considered good.
• 📊 Return on Equity (ROE) measures a company's ability to generate profit from the equity invested, with a value above 15% being considered good.
• 💹 Earnings Per Share (EPS) reflects the amount of net profit each outstanding share earns, with a higher EPS indicating a better financial performance.
• 📉 Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio) compares a firm's share price to its EPS, with a ratio around 10 considered reasonable.
• 💸 Debt to Equity Ratio (D/E Ratio) measures a company's financial leverage, with a lower value indicating a better ability to pay off debts and a lower risk of bankruptcy.
• 🏦 The video uses S1 Hardware's financial data from 2019 as an example to calculate these ratios, providing a practical application of the discussed concepts.
• 📉 The calculated NPM for S1 Hardware in 2019 was 12.65%, indicating a good financial performance.
• 📈 The calculated ROE for S1 Hardware in 2019 was 21.7%, which is very good and shows the company's strong profitability.
• 💹 The calculated EPS for S1 Hardware in 2019 was 6006, and the P/E Ratio was 24.8, suggesting that the stock was overvalued at that time.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video script?

The main topic of the video script is about financial ratios important for stock investors, specifically for beginners, and how to evaluate a company's financial health using these ratios.

What is the Net Profit Margin (NPM) and why is it important?

Net Profit Margin (NPM) measures the percentage of net profit compared to net sales. It is important because a higher NPM indicates a company's ability to generate profit from its sales, which is a good sign for investors.

How is the Net Profit Margin calculated?

Net Profit Margin is calculated by dividing net profit by net sales and then multiplying by 100%.

What does a high NPM value signify for a company?

A high NPM value signifies that the company is efficient at converting its sales into profits, which is a positive indicator for investors.

What is Return on Equity (ROE) and what does it measure?

Return on Equity (ROE) measures a company's ability to generate profits from the equity that has been invested by shareholders. It shows how efficiently a company is using its equity to generate earnings.

What is the formula for calculating Return on Equity?

Return on Equity is calculated by dividing net profit by equity and then multiplying by 100%.

Why is Earnings Per Share (EPS) significant for investors?

Earnings Per Share (EPS) is significant because it represents the amount of net income that each outstanding share of a company's stock represents. It helps investors understand the portion of a company's profit that they can claim.

How is Earnings Per Share (EPS) calculated?

Earnings Per Share (EPS) is calculated by dividing net profit by the number of outstanding shares.

What is the Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio) and how does it help in evaluating a stock?

The Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio) is a valuation ratio of a company's current share price compared to its per-share earnings. It helps investors determine if a stock is overvalued or undervalued.

How is the Price to Earnings Ratio calculated?

The Price to Earnings Ratio is calculated by dividing the market value per share by the earnings per share (EPS).

What is the Debt to Equity Ratio (D/E Ratio) and why is it important?

The Debt to Equity Ratio (D/E Ratio) measures a company's financial leverage by comparing its total liabilities to its shareholder equity. It is important because it indicates the proportion of equity and debt used to finance a company's assets.

How is the Debt to Equity Ratio calculated?

The Debt to Equity Ratio is calculated by dividing total liabilities by shareholder equity.

What does a low Debt to Equity Ratio indicate about a company?

A low Debt to Equity Ratio indicates that a company has less debt compared to equity, which means it has a lower risk of bankruptcy and is less leveraged.

What are the implications of a high P/E Ratio for investors?

A high P/E Ratio might indicate that a stock is overvalued or that investors expect high growth rates in the future. However, it could also mean that the market is optimistic about the company's prospects.

How can investors use the financial ratios discussed in the script to make investment decisions?

Investors can use these financial ratios to evaluate a company's profitability, financial stability, and valuation. They can compare these ratios with industry averages or competitors to make informed investment decisions.