terapi latihan pada ektremitas bawah

Summary

The video discusses exercises focused on the lower extremities, particularly the knee and ankle joints. It highlights the importance of these exercises for preventing conditions like knee osteoarthritis and ligament issues, which often stem from muscular imbalances. The speaker explains key concepts such as open and closed kinetic chains, emphasizing how improper alignment and muscle shortening can affect joint stability. Various exercises, including isometric training and ankle pumping, are covered to improve muscle strength, reduce pain, and enhance joint function. The video aims to educate on the importance of proper exercise techniques to prevent injury and improve mobility.

Takeaways

• 💪 The video discusses the importance of exercises for the lower extremities, especially the knee and ankle, due to conditions like osteoarthritis (OA) or ligament injuries.
• 🦵 Knee joint pathologies can be caused by imbalances in the surrounding muscles, leading to problems like patella alta (elevated patella).
• 🧠 The discussion highlights that proper alignment and muscle function around the knee are crucial for preventing joint damage, especially in areas like the medial or lateral sides of the knee.
• 📉 Overstretching of ligaments, such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), can result from muscle instability around the knee, often due to poor landing techniques in sports.
• 🏋️‍♂️ Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) exercises, like bridging, are recommended for knee stability as they involve fixed distal points (feet on the ground), compared to Open Kinetic Chain (OKC) exercises where the distal part is free.
• 🧘‍♂️ Isometric exercises (where muscle length doesn’t change) are beneficial for reducing muscle atrophy, minimizing spasms, and reducing pain through contraction and improved blood flow.
• ⛓ The video discusses how muscles that cross two joints (such as the quadriceps) need special attention during exercises to prevent hyperextension or improper muscle shortening.
• 🔄 Exercises like straight leg raises (SLR) target the quadriceps and are a combination of concentric (lifting), isometric (holding), and eccentric (lowering) contractions.
• 🦶 Ankle exercises are highlighted for their importance in improving venous return and preventing conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
• 🩺 Elevation and support during certain exercises are important to consider for patients with heart issues, as increased blood flow can put strain on the heart.

Q & A

Why are exercises for the knee and ankle joint important in rehabilitation?

Exercises for the knee and ankle are important because they help address pathologies such as osteoarthritis or ligament injuries. Strengthening muscles around these joints can prevent conditions like joint misalignment and excessive pressure on certain areas, which may lead to cartilage damage.

What role do muscles play in knee pathologies such as osteoarthritis?

Muscles play a key role in knee pathologies because imbalances or tightness in the surrounding muscles, like the quadriceps, can affect joint alignment. For example, shortening of the quadriceps can cause the patella to shift upward, leading to further complications like patella alta.

What is the difference between medial and lateral knee osteoarthritis?

Medial knee osteoarthritis occurs when there's degeneration or excessive pressure on the inner side of the knee, while lateral knee osteoarthritis affects the outer side. The imbalance in muscle strength around the knee can influence which side becomes more affected.

Why is it important to assess stability in the knee joint for athletes?

Assessing stability in the knee is crucial for athletes to prevent injuries. Stable knees help maintain correct alignment during activities like jumping or landing, reducing the risk of ligament strain or other injuries caused by excessive joint movement.

What are Close Kinetic Chain (CKC) and Open Kinetic Chain (OKC) exercises?

Close Kinetic Chain (CKC) exercises involve movement where the distal part of the limb (like the foot) is fixed, such as during a squat. Open Kinetic Chain (OKC) exercises involve movement where the distal part is free, like a leg extension. CKC exercises are generally preferred for joint stabilization.

How does isometric exercise benefit muscle function?

Isometric exercises involve muscle contractions without changing the length of the muscle, which can minimize muscle atrophy, reduce spasms, and alleviate pain. They also promote muscle strengthening, especially for stabilizing muscles around joints like the knee.

What is patella alta, and how is it caused?

Patella alta is a condition where the patella (kneecap) is positioned higher than normal. It is caused by the shortening of the quadriceps muscle, which pulls the patella upward. This misalignment can lead to joint instability and other knee issues.

Why is proper positioning important during exercises targeting the quadriceps?

Proper positioning is important to avoid hyperextension of the knee and to ensure the correct muscle groups are activated. For example, using supports to keep the heel in the right position during quadriceps exercises can prevent knee strain and enhance muscle activation.

What are the benefits of ankle pumping exercises?

Ankle pumping exercises are important for improving blood circulation, particularly in preventing venous thrombosis. These exercises help the veins move blood back to the heart by using the one-way valve system, reducing the risk of blood clots.

What is the Burger's exercise, and when is it used?

Burger's exercise is used to improve blood flow in cases of arterial insufficiency, such as in patients with vascular problems caused by smoking. It involves elevating the legs and performing specific movements to encourage arterial circulation.