Struktur dan Bentuk Tulang ( Sistem Gerak Manusia)

wety yuningsih

21 Sept 202004:44

Summary

TLDRIn this educational video, the host discusses the structure and types of human bones. They explain the components of long bones, including the epiphysis, diaphysis, and the growth plate. The video covers various bone shapes like long bones in the upper limbs and lower limbs, short bones in the wrist and ankle, flat bones in the skull, and irregular bones like vertebrae. It also introduces sesamoid bones found in joints like the knee. The host encourages viewers to like and subscribe for more on bone formation and ossification.

Takeaways

🦴 The video discusses the human skeletal system, focusing on the structure and shape of bones.
👀 The script describes the structure of long bones, which include the epiphysis, diaphysis, and the growth plate (cakra epifisis).
📐 The functions of long bones are to bear the weight of the body and assist in movement, with examples given such as the humerus, femur, tibia, and fibula.
🔵 The script mentions short bones that are cube-shaped and provide strength and compactness in areas with limited movement, found in the wrist (carpals) and ankle (tarsals).
🛡 Flat bones are shaped like plates and serve to expand the surface area for muscle attachment and provide protection, located in the skull, including the facial bones, parietal bones, and sternum.
🌪 Irregular bones have irregular shapes and are components of the spine, such as vertebrae.
🔶 Sesamoid bones are small, round bones found in joints, like the kneecap (patella).
🧬 The video also mentions the process of bone formation, known as ossification.
👍 The presenter encourages viewers to like and subscribe for more content on the topic.
🕊️ The video concludes with a farewell message in Arabic, wishing peace and blessings upon the viewers.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the script?
-The main topic discussed in the script is the human locomotor system, specifically focusing on the structure and shapes of bones.
What are the three main parts of a long bone?
-The three main parts of a long bone are the epiphysis, diaphysis, and the articular cartilage.
What is the function of the articular cartilage found at the epiphysis of a long bone?
-The articular cartilage at the epiphysis of a long bone functions to provide a smooth surface for joint movement and to absorb shock.
What is the difference between the endosteum and periosteum?
-The endosteum is the inner lining of the bone that is in contact with the bone marrow, while the periosteum is the outer covering of the bone that contains nerves and blood vessels.
Which bones are considered long bones in the human body?
-Long bones in the human body include the humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, and fibula.
What is the function of short bones?
-Short bones provide strength and stability to areas of the body that have limited movement, such as the carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal bones of the ankle.
What is the shape of flat bones and where are they typically located?
-Flat bones are shaped like plates and are typically located in areas that need to protect internal organs or provide a broad surface for muscle attachment, such as the bones of the skull, including the frontal bone, parietal bones, and the sternum.
What is the function of irregular bones?
-Irregular bones have irregular shapes and serve various functions, including protection of internal organs and providing attachment points for muscles. An example is the vertebrae.
What are sesamoid bones and where can they be found?
-Sesamoid bones are small, round bones that are embedded within tendons and are typically found in joints. An example is the patella, which is located in the knee joint.
What will be discussed after the topic of bone shapes in the script?
-After discussing bone shapes, the script will cover the process of bone formation, known as ossification.
What is the term used for the rounded end of a long bone?
-The term used for the rounded end of a long bone is 'epiphysis'.

Outlines

00:00

🦴 Human Skeletal System Overview

The video script introduces the topic of the human musculoskeletal system, focusing on the structure and shape of bones. It begins with an explanation of the bone structure, highlighting the epiphysis, diaphysis, and the medullary cavity. The script describes the functions of these parts, such as the epiphysis being a growth plate and the medullary cavity housing bone marrow. The video then moves on to discuss the various shapes of bones, including long bones like the humerus and femur, which support body weight and facilitate movement, short bones found in the wrist (carpals) and ankle (tarsals), flat bones like those in the skull and sternum, and irregular bones like vertebrae. It also mentions sesamoid bones, which are small, round bones embedded in tendons, such as the patella. The script concludes by mentioning the upcoming discussion on bone formation or ossification.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Epiphyses

Epiphyses are the ends of long bones, which are covered with cartilage in growing individuals. In the video, the speaker describes the structure of long bones, mentioning that the epiphyses are part of the bone structure, particularly important for growth and articulation. The term is used to explain the components of a long bone and its role in the human skeletal system.

💡Diaphysis

The diaphysis refers to the main or central shaft of a long bone. It is a critical part of the bone structure that provides strength and support. In the context of the video, the diaphysis is mentioned as the middle part of the long bones, which, along with the epiphyses, forms the cylindrical shape of bones like the humerus or femur.

💡Articulation

Articulation, also known as a joint, is the point where two bones meet and allow for movement. The video script discusses the presence of articulations at the epiphyses of long bones, highlighting their importance in the movement of the human body. Articulations are essential for the functionality of the skeletal system, enabling a wide range of motions.

💡Sesamoid Bone

Sesamoid bones are small, round bones that are embedded within tendons and are particularly found near joints. The video mentions the sesamoid bone as an example of a bone that is not arranged in a typical pattern, specifically mentioning the patella, which is a sesamoid bone found in the knee joint. These bones are crucial for protecting tendons and enhancing the mechanical advantage of muscle contractions.

💡Vertebrae

Vertebrae are the individual bones that make up the spine. The video script refers to vertebrae as an example of irregularly shaped bones, which are essential components of the skeletal system, providing support and protection for the spinal cord. The term is used to illustrate the diversity in bone shapes and their specific roles within the body.

💡Endosteum

The endosteum is the inner lining of the bone's medullary cavity. It plays a role in the production of blood cells and is involved in the growth and repair of bones. In the video, the endosteum is mentioned as part of the internal structure of bones, contributing to the overall function and health of the skeletal system.

💡Periosteum

The periosteum is a thin, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bones, except at the joints. It contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the bone and is involved in bone growth and repair. The video script describes the periosteum as the outer structure of bones, emphasizing its importance in the overall health and development of the skeletal system.

💡Flat Bones

Flat bones are thin and flat, often forming the walls of body cavities and providing protection for internal organs. The video mentions flat bones as a type of bone shape, giving examples like the bones of the skull, scapula, and sternum. These bones are crucial for protection and contribute to the structural integrity of the body.

💡Short Bones

Short bones are roughly cube-shaped and are found in the wrists (carpals) and ankles (tarsals). They provide strength and stability in areas of the body that require limited movement. The video script discusses short bones as a type of bone shape, highlighting their role in providing strength and compactness in specific areas of the body.

💡Irregular Bones

Irregular bones do not fit into the categories of long, short, or flat bones and have complex shapes that do not conform to a simple geometric pattern. The video mentions irregular bones as a type of bone shape, using the vertebrae as an example. These bones are essential for the body's structure, often serving multiple functions such as protection and support.

💡Ossification

Ossification is the process of bone formation, where cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. The video script refers to ossification as the process of bone development, which is a critical aspect of the skeletal system's growth and maturation. The term is used to indicate the next topic of discussion, suggesting the importance of understanding how bones form and develop in the human body.

Highlights

Introduction to the human locomotor system, focusing on bone structure and shape.

Discussion on the structure of long bones, including epiphyses, diaphysis, and the growth plate.

Explanation of the functions of long bones, such as weight-bearing and facilitating body movement.

Identification of long bones in the upper limbs, including the humerus, radius, and ulna.

Identification of long bones in the lower limbs, including the femur, tibia, and fibula.

Introduction to short bones, their cubic shape, and their role in providing strength and stability.

Location of short bones, specifically in the wrist (carpals) and ankle (tarsals).

Discussion on flat bones, their shape, and their function in expanding surface areas for muscle attachment.

Identification of flat bones in the skull, including the frontal, parietal, and clavicle bones.

Introduction to irregular bones, their varied shapes, and their composition of the vertebral column.

Discussion on sesamoid bones, their small, round shape, and location within joints.

Identification of the patella as a sesamoid bone found in the knee joint.

Upcoming discussion on the process of bone formation, or ossification.

Encouragement for viewers to like and subscribe for more content.

Closing with a traditional greeting, emphasizing respect and well-wishes.