Personalized Medicine in Cancer: What does it mean and how is it done?
Summary
TLDRThe Sement Cancer Center, in collaboration with Washington University's Genomics and Pathology Services (GPS), is utilizing Next Generation sequencing to revolutionize cancer treatment. By decoding tumor DNA, doctors can pinpoint genetic mutations driving cancer, allowing for precise, personalized therapies. This approach, known as tumor profiling, enables more accurate diagnoses and targeted treatments, improving patient outcomes. One case highlights a woman with advanced lung cancer whose tailored treatment led to a dramatic response. This breakthrough is transforming cancer care, moving towards a future where even aggressive cancers can be managed effectively.
Takeaways
- 🧬 The Siteman Cancer Center and Washington University's genomics and pathology services (GPS) are utilizing genome decoding to achieve life-changing outcomes for cancer patients.
- 🧪 Next Generation sequencing helps doctors personalize cancer treatments by analyzing patients' tumor DNA.
- 📊 Cancer results from multiple genetic changes that can be inherited or acquired through exposure to toxins, UV light, or other environmental factors.
- 🔍 85% of cancers are due to genetic changes acquired over time, explaining why it often takes years for cancer to develop.
- 💡 Sequencing tumor DNA allows doctors to understand the specific genetic changes causing cancer, leading to personalized treatment plans.
- 💉 Personalized medicine can target genetic mutations with specific drugs, enhancing treatment outcomes beyond the tumor's location.
- 🧠 Tumor profiling using Next Generation sequencing allows the analysis of numerous cancer-related genes simultaneously, helping to understand tumor behavior and aggressiveness.
- 🧑⚕️ Patients like Sue, diagnosed with stage 4 non-small cell lung cancer, benefit from molecularly targeted therapies, which can significantly shrink or eliminate tumors.
- 🏥 GPS's tumor profiling results help doctors diagnose and manage cancer more effectively, improving survival rates and quality of life for patients.
- 🚀 The future of cancer treatment lies in individualized therapies based on tumor DNA, where even aggressive cancers could become manageable chronic diseases.
Q & A
What is the Siteman Cancer Center doing in partnership with Washington University's Genomics and Pathology Services (GPS)?
-The Siteman Cancer Center, in partnership with Washington University's Genomics and Pathology Services (GPS), is using advancements from the Human Genome Project to apply next-generation sequencing techniques to develop personalized treatment plans for cancer patients.
What is Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), and why is it significant in cancer treatment?
-Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a technology that enables the analysis of dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of cancer-related genes at the same time. It provides detailed information about the genetic makeup of a tumor, allowing doctors to create personalized treatment plans based on the unique genetic mutations present in the cancer cells.
How does cancer develop according to the script?
-Cancer develops when a series of genetic changes, which can be inherited or acquired over time, cause cells to lose their normal function. These changes result in cells growing and dividing uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Approximately 85% of all cancers are caused by acquired genetic mutations due to factors like aging, exposure to cigarette smoke, toxic chemicals, or UV light.
What is tumor profiling, and how does it benefit cancer treatment?
-Tumor profiling involves using NGS to read the DNA sequence of a tumor, providing a high-resolution view of its genetic code. This allows doctors to identify specific genetic changes that contribute to the cancer's development, enabling them to tailor treatments that target these mutations, improving patient outcomes.
What impact did tumor profiling have on the patient named Sue?
-Sue, a stage four non-small cell lung cancer patient, benefited from targeted Next-Generation Sequencing, which identified a specific genetic mutation. This discovery enabled her to receive a treatment as part of a clinical trial, resulting in a significant reduction in tumor size and improved quality of life.
What are the sources of genetic changes that can lead to cancer?
-Genetic changes that lead to cancer can be inherited or acquired. Acquired changes are more common and often result from exposure to external factors like cigarette smoke, certain toxic chemicals, or UV light from the sun, as well as natural changes that occur as we age.
Why is tumor profiling considered a 'GameChanger' for oncology?
-Tumor profiling allows doctors to treat patients based on the genetic makeup of their tumors rather than just the location of the tumor in the body. This personalized approach can identify treatments that are more effective and have fewer side effects, making it a significant advancement in cancer care.
How has the Human Genome Project contributed to cancer research?
-The Human Genome Project provided the foundational knowledge of the human genetic code, enabling researchers to understand genetic mutations in cancer cells. This understanding has been translated into practical applications, such as Next-Generation Sequencing, to create personalized cancer treatments.
What does it mean for a patient to have a 'complete response' to cancer treatment?
-A 'complete response' means that the patient's cancer has significantly regressed or disappeared as a result of the treatment. In Sue's case, her metastasized tumors disappeared, and her original tumor shrank after receiving targeted therapy.
What is the future vision for cancer treatment according to the script?
-The future vision for cancer treatment involves using tumor DNA sequencing to transform cancer into a well-managed chronic disease. By treating each cancer patient based on the genetic profile of their tumor, doctors aim to provide precise, effective treatments that improve survival and quality of life.
Outlines
🔬 Partnership for Personalized Cancer Treatment
This paragraph introduces the collaboration between Sement Cancer Center and Washington University's Genomics and Pathology Services (GPS). It highlights the use of knowledge gained from decoding the human genome to improve cancer treatments. GPS uses Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to make personalized medicine a reality for cancer patients. By analyzing a patient’s genetic code, doctors can tailor treatments specifically to the individual's cancer characteristics.
🧬 Understanding DNA and Cancer Development
This section explains how the human body, made of trillions of cells, relies on DNA as its genetic blueprint. Cancer occurs when genetic changes accumulate in DNA, either inherited or acquired over time due to environmental exposures like cigarette smoke and UV light. As people age, these mutations increase, and cancer arises when the right combination of changes causes cells to malfunction, grow uncontrollably, and form tumors.
🔍 Tumor DNA Profiling: A New Frontier in Cancer Treatment
In this paragraph, the benefits of decoding the DNA sequence of tumors are discussed. If doctors can identify the genetic changes in a tumor, they can design more precise treatment plans, targeting specific mutations with tailored drugs. Next Generation Sequencing allows for comprehensive analysis of cancer-related genes, offering detailed insights into the tumor's DNA, enabling personalized cancer management.
💊 How Personalized Treatment Changes Lives
This section highlights the application of Next Generation Sequencing to treat patients more effectively. The story of Sue, a cancer patient with stage four non-small cell lung cancer, demonstrates the power of tumor profiling. Targeted therapy based on her genetic mutation significantly improved her health, leading to tumor reduction and improved quality of life. Personalized medicine is bringing significant benefits to patients, improving survival and treatment outcomes.
🚀 The Future of Cancer Treatment
The final paragraph focuses on the evolving approach to cancer treatment, where cancer is no longer viewed as a single disease but as a collection of disorders with unique genetic profiles. By sequencing and analyzing tumor DNA, doctors can predict the behavior of different cancers and develop more effective, personalized treatments. The goal is to manage even aggressive cancers as chronic conditions, and this future of cancer care is already underway.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Next Generation Sequencing
💡Personalized Medicine
💡Tumor Profiling
💡Genetic Mutation
💡Human Genome Project
💡Targeted Therapy
💡Cancer Cells
💡Metastasized Tumor
💡Clinical Trial
💡Tumor DNA
Highlights
The partnership between Sement Cancer Center and Washington University's Genomics and Pathology Services (GPS) focuses on translating genomic research into life-changing outcomes for cancer patients.
GPS builds on the Human Genome Project to use Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) for personalized medicine in cancer treatment.
Cancer occurs due to genetic changes in the DNA of cells, with 85% of cases caused by changes acquired over a lifetime, such as from smoking or UV exposure.
NGS allows doctors to analyze dozens to thousands of cancer-related genes simultaneously, providing a more detailed tumor profile.
Tumor profiling with NGS can identify specific genetic changes that have caused a tumor to develop, helping doctors personalize treatment plans.
Personalized medicine can target specific genetic mutations in cancer cells, rather than just the tumor’s location in the body.
Sue, a patient with stage 4 non-small cell lung cancer, benefited from targeted NGS, revealing a gene mutation that allowed her to participate in a clinical trial with successful outcomes.
Sue's metastasized tumors disappeared, and her original tumor shrank after targeted therapy, showcasing the impact of personalized treatments.
Molecularly targeted therapy has brought personalized cancer treatments closer to reality, significantly improving patients' quality of life and survival rates.
Next Generation Sequencing results help doctors not only diagnose cancer more accurately but also predict how aggressive the tumor might be.
Doctors no longer treat cancer as a single disease, but rather sequence each tumor's DNA to reveal its unique characteristics and optimal treatment.
Personalized therapies based on tumor DNA profiling are changing oncology by treating cancer as a well-managed chronic disease.
GPS's tumor profiling with NGS is revolutionizing cancer care by making treatment plans more precise and cost-effective.
The future of cancer treatment focuses on managing aggressive cancers with personalized therapies, and this future is already in progress.
Patients with targetable molecular alterations are experiencing significant improvements in both quality of life and survival thanks to personalized treatments.
Transcripts
[Music]
the sement cancer center in partnership
with Washington University's genomics
and pathology Services known as GPS is
taking what was learned from decoding
the human genome and translating it into
life-changing outcomes for cancer
patients building on the Human Genome
Project a massive effort involving
Laboratories across the globe and
including Washington University's genome
Institute the GP s team is using
so-called Next Generation sequencing to
help doctors in making personalized
medicine a reality for their cancer
patients but what does that mean and how
does it
work the human body is made up of more
than 30 trillion cells and each of those
cells contains DNA our genetic code when
cancer occurs something in our cell's
DNA has gone wrong a genetic change it
takes more than just one genetic change
to result in cancer and these changes
can be inherited or more commonly
acquired after we are born in fact 85%
of all cancers happen as a result of
changes that occur over the course of
Our Lives by exposure to things like
cigarette smoke certain toxic chemicals
or UV light from the sun as we age our
cell's DNA gets more and more of these
changes which explains why it may take
many years for a cancer to develop
cancer occurs when certain combinations
of these changes cause cells to lose
their normal function as a result they
grow and divide uncontrollably and
together they form what we call a
tumor imagine if we knew how to read the
DNA sequence of a tumor we could then
see where the genetic changes are what
they look like and what they do having
that kind of information would mean
doctors could provide a precise
personalized management plan for for
patients with cancer perhaps even
targeting some of the genetic changes
with specific
drugs together with the GPS team seyman
cancer center physicians are using
revolutionary new ways to determine the
genetic makeup of cancer cells more
quickly and inexpensively than ever
before next Generation sequencing allows
us to look at and analyze dozens
hundreds or even thousands of cancer
related genes all at the same time this
so-called tumor profiling provides the
unique genetic information for a
specific cancer we can see with
incredibly high resolution the actual
code of a tumor's DNA and in many cases
we can identify specific changes that
have played a role in the development of
that tumor armed with that kind of
information we are literally changing
the future for our cancer patients they
can be treated individually with drugs
that specifically Target their tumor
cells based on its genetic code not just
based on where the tumor is in their
body or where it may have Arisen this is
a GameChanger for oncology it's really
very
[Music]
exciting tumor profiling by Next
Generation sequencing done at GPS is
changing the way doctors manage their
cancer patients results can help
diagnose a tumor more specifically or
give doctors clues about how aggressive
a cancer will be Sue is a great example
of how results from tumor profiling may
impact treatment and improve outcomes
she was diagnosed with stage four non-s
small cell lung cancer and benefited
from chemotherapy for some time but then
developed worsening shortness of breath
and cough due to spread of her cancer I
knew before I even had the CT that there
was something wrong because I was
coughing a lot and my shortness of
breath had come back so you know you
could tell you could tell that there was
something we performed targeted Next
Generation sequencing of her tumor which
revealed a gen mutation for which she
received treatment as part of a clinical
trial it just so happened that there was
a study being done at San for that exact
mutation so I volunteered to be in that
study and it has been very successful
for me the metastasized tumors
disappeared right away and then after
that the original tumor actually shrank
and and so I'm having what's called a
complete response the Advent of of
molecularly targeted therapy has helped
us to move one step closer towards
realizing our dream of personalized
therapy for patients with cancer for
patients in whom we find a targetable
molecular alteration this can mean
significant Improvement in their quality
of life as well as their outcome in
survival I can live my life in in just a
very normal way my husband and I walk I
Garden I take care of my grandson from
time to time all of the normal things
that anyone would do I feel like I have
been very
fortunate we no longer think of cancer
as a single disease anymore and we don't
even think about treating patients with
a given tumor type using the same
therapy rather we are individually
sequencing and reading the tumor DNA to
reveal not only what type of cancer it
might be but how it is likely to behave
and how it is best treated we look
toward a future where even the most
aggressive cancers become a well-managed
chronic disease and the good news is
that future is already
underway for more information on tumor
profiling by Next Generation sequencing
visit our
website
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