Lecture: The Policy Cycle
Summary
TLDRThe video discusses the policy cycle, a step-by-step approach used by politicians and bureaucrats to solve problems. It outlines five key steps: identifying the problem, formulating a solution, adopting the policy, implementing it, and evaluating the results. Using traffic congestion as an example, the video emphasizes the importance of data in correctly diagnosing issues and forming solutions. It also highlights challenges like political considerations and the need to adjust policies if they don’t fully resolve the issue. The policy cycle applies not just in politics, but also in everyday problem-solving.
Takeaways
- 🔄 The policy cycle is a step-by-step process politicians and bureaucrats use to solve problems.
- 💡 Identifying the problem is the first and most critical step; it requires data to ensure the correct issue is addressed.
- 🚗 Traffic problems are often symptoms of larger issues, and solutions must focus on the root causes like population density, lane transitions, or signage.
- 📊 Data collection is essential to persuade policymakers that a problem is real and needs funding for a solution.
- 🛠️ Once the problem is identified, solutions are created, including cost estimates, potential impacts, and which government agencies should handle it.
- 🏛️ Policy adoption involves convincing the correct government body (e.g., state or local legislators) to approve the solution based on data and cost.
- ⚖️ Policymakers must weigh the pros and cons, considering winners and losers, as the process can impact constituents' lives, taxes, or property.
- 🔨 Implementation is the actual execution of the policy, such as building infrastructure, which may involve road closures, buying land, or contracting work.
- 📈 After implementation, evaluation takes place to check whether the solution resolved the problem, based on the initial data collected.
- 🔁 Policy making is often cyclical, requiring reevaluation and adjustment if the original problem persists or new issues arise.
Q & A
What is the policy cycle?
-The policy cycle is a step-by-step process used by politicians or bureaucrats to solve problems. It can vary in the number of steps, but the main concept involves identifying a problem, creating solutions, implementing those solutions, and then evaluating their effectiveness.
How many steps are typically involved in the policy cycle?
-Different experts might see different numbers of steps in the policy cycle. It can range from as few as four steps to as many as 12. In the context of the script, a five-step model is used.
What is the first step in the policy cycle, and why is it important?
-The first step is identifying the problem, sometimes called setting the agenda. This is crucial because it helps policymakers determine the root cause of the issue using data, rather than assumptions, ensuring they address the correct problem.
Why is collecting data important in the problem-identification step?
-Collecting data is essential because it provides evidence to support the existence and nature of the problem. This data allows policymakers to make informed decisions and justifies why resources should be spent on solving the problem.
What might be an example of a solution in the policy cycle?
-An example of a solution is expanding merging lanes and adding better signage to reduce traffic congestion near a freeway transition. This solution is designed based on data showing that congestion and accidents happen near the transition.
What is the role of policy adoption in the cycle?
-Policy adoption involves convincing the appropriate government authority to approve and pass the proposed solution. This step requires presenting data, discussing costs, and navigating political challenges, such as balancing the interests of different stakeholders.
How does policy implementation work?
-Policy implementation is the process of carrying out the approved solution. For example, in road construction, this involves acquiring land, building the roadway, installing signs, and physically making changes to solve the identified issue.
What does policy evaluation involve?
-Policy evaluation is the process of determining whether the solution solved the original problem. Policymakers compare new data to the data collected during problem identification to see if there have been improvements in areas like traffic flow or accident rates.
What happens if the solution doesn’t fully solve the problem?
-If the solution doesn’t work, policymakers may need to revisit the problem, possibly refining the solution, identifying new causes, or adjusting implementation strategies. The cycle may begin again to address unresolved issues.
Why is it important to understand the winners and losers in policy adoption?
-Policymakers need to consider who benefits from the policy (the winners) and who may be negatively affected (the losers). Understanding this balance helps in deciding whether the policy is politically feasible, as elected officials may worry about the impact on their chances for re-election.
Outlines
🔄 The Policy Cycle: A Step-by-Step Approach
The policy cycle is a straightforward, step-by-step process used by politicians or bureaucrats to solve problems. It's highly intuitive and applicable in various fields, not just politics. Different political scientists may break down the cycle into various numbers of steps, but the essential process remains the same. The example of traffic and road construction will be used to explore the basic five steps of the policy cycle. The first step is identifying the problem, which involves using data to understand the root cause—whether it’s traffic congestion or something else—rather than just addressing symptoms.
🛠️ Creating and Evaluating Solutions
Once the problem is identified, the next step is to create a solution. In the traffic example, this might involve expanding merging lanes or improving signage. The proposed solution should be detailed, including costs, land acquisition, and the responsible entities. Knowing the appropriate government level to address the issue is crucial to policy adoption. In this case, state legislators would likely be involved. Politicians must weigh the benefits and downsides, considering potential opposition and how it affects their electoral prospects.
🚧 Implementing and Evaluating the Policy
After a policy is adopted, it moves to implementation, which involves actual construction, land acquisition, and other logistical tasks. Once the policy is fully implemented, its effectiveness is evaluated based on the initial data collected. If the traffic problems lessen and accident rates decline, the policy is deemed successful. However, if the problem persists or only part of it is solved, further adjustments may be necessary, as policy often operates more like a spiral, requiring continuous refinement rather than a simple, closed loop.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Policy Cycle
💡Problem Identification
💡Data
💡Policy Adoption
💡Solution
💡Implementation
💡Evaluation
💡Traffic
💡Winners and Losers
💡Eminent Domain
Highlights
The policy cycle is a basic, intuitive process used by politicians or bureaucrats to solve problems, applicable in many contexts including everyday job-related challenges.
The number of steps in the policy cycle can vary depending on the level of detail—ranging from as few as four steps to as many as twelve.
The first crucial step in the policy cycle is identifying the problem, also referred to as setting the agenda, which requires data to ensure an accurate understanding of the issue.
Traffic is often a symptom of a larger issue; identifying the root cause through data helps in formulating an effective solution, as seen in the example of freeway traffic in Los Angeles.
Identifying the cause of traffic—whether population density, freeway transitions, or lack of signage—illustrates how gathering relevant data can direct better problem-solving strategies.
Creating a solution involves planning actions like expanding lanes, improving signage, or purchasing land, with careful consideration of costs and potential legal or logistical challenges.
Knowing the correct government level to approach, such as local, state, or federal, is crucial to getting policies adopted and implemented, especially for infrastructure projects.
Policy adoption requires convincing government officials by presenting data, the potential solution, and cost estimates, all while they balance the interests of different stakeholders.
Implementation is the step where the actual work, like building roads or installing signs, takes place, often involving additional logistical hurdles such as road closures and land acquisition.
Evaluation is critical to determining whether the policy solution worked by comparing post-implementation data with the original problem data.
If the solution doesn’t fully address the problem, it may require further refinement—indicating the policy cycle is more like a 'slinky' than a closed loop, requiring repeated iterations.
Policy making often involves balancing 'winners' and 'losers,' such as road users benefiting from better infrastructure versus businesses losing land through eminent domain.
Politicians must weigh the pros and cons of supporting a policy, as controversial decisions may affect their chances of reelection or career advancement.
Data collection at the start is key for later evaluation to measure the success of the policy by tracking changes in accident rates or traffic flow after implementation.
The importance of taking local and state government courses is emphasized, as many policies that affect daily life, especially infrastructure, are handled at these levels.
Transcripts
THE POLICY CYCLE IS A BASIC STEP-BY-STEP DISCUSSION ABOUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN POLITICIANS
OR BUREAUCRATS TRY TO SOLVE A PROBLEM. THERE'S REALLY NOTHING DIFFICULT ABOUT THE CYCLE AND A LOT
OF IT IS VERY INTUITIVE. IT MAKES SENSE… MOSTLY WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS JUST TAKE A LOOK AT EACH OF
THE STEPS AND TALK ABOUT WHAT HAPPENS DURING THEM AND THEN ALSO TALK ABOUT SOME OF THE CHALLENGES
THAT WE MIGHT FACE IN EACH OF THESE STEPS. AND THE REASON WE WANT TO TALK ABOUT THIS IS BECAUSE THIS
IS A FAIRLY STANDARD WAY OF SOLVING A PROBLEM. IN FACT THIS IS A STANDARD WAY OF SOLVING PROBLEMS
OUTSIDE OF POLITICS …IF YOU'RE LOOKING AT YOUR JOB FOR EXAMPLE AND YOU SEE A PROBLEM WITHIN
YOUR JOB YOU COULD ACTUALLY TAKE THIS SAME POLICY CYCLE AND APPLY IT AS A WAY TO OFFER A SOLUTION
TO SOMEBODY PERHAPS IN YOUR MANAGEMENT. SO ONE THING ABOUT THE POLICY CYCLE TO UNDERSTAND IS
THAT DIFFERENT POLITICAL SCIENTISTS, DIFFERENT POLICY MAKERS SOMETIMES THEY SEE A DIFFERENT
NUMBER OF STEPS IN THIS CYCLE. I'VE SEEN IT BOILED DOWN TO AS FEW AS FOUR STEPS AND I'VE SEEN IT
REALLY-- SORT OF KIND OF KIND OF -- DRILLED DOWN WHERE SOMEBODY IS ACTUALLY MADE IT INTO 12 STEPS.
AND HONESTLY YOU CAN HAVE FEWER STEPS, MORE STEPS… IT JUST DEPENDS UPON HOW GRANULAR YOU
WANT TO GET WITH EACH STE.P SINCE WE'RE IN AN INTRODUCTORY CLASS I'M JUST GOING TO STICK TO
THE BASIC FIVE AND WE'LL USE THE EXAMPLE OF TRAFFIC AND ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN THIS BECAUSE
I THINK FOR A LOT OF US THAT'S A PROBLEM THAT WE RECOGNIZE AND WE ALL DEAL WITH.
SO WHEN WE START TALKING ABOUT POLICY WHAT WE'RE GETTING INTO IS HOW DO WE SOLVE PROBLEMS? AND THE
MOST IMPORTANT FIRST STEP-- AND I THINK LOGICALLY YOU'RE LIKE “HEY THIS MAKES SENSE”-- YES WE HAVE
TO ACTUALLY IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM. SOMETIMES PEOPLE REFER TO THIS AS SETTING AN AGENDA BUT
IT'S BASICALLY THE SAME THING. IT'S OUR STARTING POINT. HOW DO WE DECIDE WHAT THE PROBLEM IS
AND HOW DO WE SET THE AGENDA FOR FIXING IT. NOW THIS IS AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT
STEP BECAUSE IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM NEEDS TO BE DONE IF YOU'RE GOING TO DO IT RIGHT
WITH DATA. YOU CAN'T JUST SAY “HEY I NOTICE THERE'S TRAFFIC!” WELL THERE'S DIFFERENT REASONS
FOR TRAFFIC RIGHT? SOMETIMES TRAFFIC IS A SYMPTOM …IN FACT OFTENTIMES TRAFFIC IS A SYMPTOM OF A
BIGGER PROBLEM. AND SO WE MAY NOT LIKE TRAFFIC BUT WE HAVE TO DRILL DOWN AND FIGURE OUT WHAT
IS THE CAUSE OF TRAFFIC. FOR EXAMPLE ANYTIME I DRIVE THE 101 FREEWAY NORTH OF LOS ANGELES RIGHT
I HIT TRAFFIC WHEN WE JOIN UP WITH THE 405. I HIT TRAFFIC WHEN WE GO INTO CALABASAS AND UP
AND THEN WE COME DOWN THE HILL INTO CAMARILLO. I HIT TRAFFIC AGAIN…WELL HONESTLY I THINK I HIT
TRAFFIC WHEN I HIT CAMARILLO AND WE END UP GOING ALL THE WAY THROUGH UNTIL AFTER WE PASS THE 126.
BUT THERE'S DIFFERENT REASONS FOR THE TRAFFIC IN DIFFERENT AREAS. TRAFFIC THAT I MIGHT HIT AT
SAY THE 405 IS PROBABLY DUE TO POPULATION DENSITY RIGHT? ESPECIALLY IF WE'RE TALKING ABOUT POST-WORK
YOU KNOW POST FOUR O'CLOCK PEOPLE COMING AND GOING RUSH HOUR WHEREAS IF YOU START TO LOOK AT TRAFFIC
AROUND THE 126 OKAY, WELL IN THAT AREA WE'RE ALSO SEEING NOT JUST FREEWAY TRANSITIONS BUT YOU KNOW
THE ADDING AND LOSING OF LANES, SOMETIMES THE SIGNAGE IS A LITTLE BIT CONFUSING… YOU'VE GOT
TOURISM RIGHT? SO THERE'S DIFFERENT REASONS WHY WE SEE TRAFFIC IN DIFFERENT AREAS AND THAT'S
WHY THAT STEP OF IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM IS VERY IMPORTANT. WHAT DOES THE DATA TELL US?
DO WE SEE A LOT OF ACCIDENTS? WHERE DO WE SEE THE ACCIDENTS? WHERE DO WE SEE THE TRAFFIC? WHERE DOES
THE TRAFFIC BACK UP? YOU KNOW IF WE'RE TRYING TO ARGUE THAT PERHAPS IT'S A POPULATION DENSITY
THING THEN WE SHOULD SEE A CERTAIN NUMBER OF CARS …THAT NUMBER OF CARS SHOULD INCREASE AND
SWELL MAYBE ON WEEKDAYS VERSUS WEEKENDS. IF ON THE OTHER HAND THIS HAS TO DO WITH TRANSITIONS
THEN WE PROBABLY SEE THE TRAFFIC MOST OFTEN AROUND THESE TRANSITIONS. MAYBE WE LOSE LANES
WITHOUT ENOUGH …WITHOUT ENOUGH LANE SPACE. MAYBE WE NEED TO HAVE TWO MILES OF TRANSITION AND MERGE
LANES. MAYBE IT'S A SIGNAGE ISSUE …MAYBE WE JUST NEED TO HAVE MORE SIGNS AND SO MAYBE THE
ACCIDENTS ARE HAPPENING AS YOU GET CLOSER TO THE TRANSITION BECAUSE PEOPLE THEN REALIZE “OH I I
NEED TO MOVE LANES AND I ONLY HAVE SO MUCH TIME!” AND SO THAT'S WHERE WE'RE SAYING IDENTIFYING THE
PROBLEM. HAVING THOSE NUMBERS IS REALLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE THAT'S HOW YOU CONVINCE PEOPLE AND THAT'S
HOW POLICY MAKERS CONVINCE EACH OTHER THAT THIS IS A PROBLEM THAT IS RIPE TO BE FIXED AND THAT
WE SHOULD SPEND MONEY ON IT, BECAUSE THERE'S A FINITE AMOUNT OF MONEY TO SPEND IN POLITICS AND IF
WE RAISE PEOPLE'S TAXES TOO MUCH OR THEY GET REALLY FRUSTRATED,THEY MIGHT MOVE.
SO IF WE IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM WE MAKE SURE THAT WE FIND THE DATA AND WE SHOULD THEN BE
ABLE TO HOPEFULLY CORRECTLY FIND THE PROBLEM THAT WE'RE GOING TO SOLVE. NOW ONCE WE'VE IDENTIFIED
THAT PROBLEM SO MAYBE IT'S WE NEED TO HAVE LONGER TRANSITIONS MAYBE WE NEED TO HAVE TWO
MILES OF MERGING LANES WITH BETTER SIGNAGE THAT'S THE PART WHERE WE CREATE THE SOLUTION
WE SAY OKAY WE NOTICE THAT RIGHT BEFORE AND RIGHT AFTER THE 126 WE HAVE A LOT OF TRAFFIC SO WHAT WE
WANT TO DO IS EXPAND THE MERGING LANES FROM YOU KNOW MAYBE THREE-FOURTHS OF A MILE TO A
MILE AND A HALF WE WANT TO HAVE SIGNAGE STARTING THREE MILES BACK. WE WANT TO HAVE PERHAPS ACTUAL
NUMBERS ON THE ROADWAY SO THAT PEOPLE CAN SEE THAT IF THEY'RE IN THIS LANE THEY'RE GOING TO PEEL OFF
AND GO EASTBOUND ON THE 126 WHEREAS IF THEY'RE IN THIS LANE THEY'RE GOING TO MAINTAIN ON THE
121 OR… I'M SORRY THE 101…. AND SO THAT MIGHT BE OUR SOLUTION. WE WRITE IT OUT. WE PRICE OUT
HOW MUCH IT'S GOING TO COST YOU KNOW HOW MUCH WILL IT COST TO ADD THIS LANE. DO WE HAVE TO
PURCHASE SOME LAND DO WE HAVE TO EMINENT DOMAIN SOME LAND AND TAKE IT FROM SOME BUSINESS OWNERS
WHO MIGHT HAVE PROPERTY ALONGSIDE THE FREEWAY. AND THEN WHO'S GOING TO DO THE WORK. WE HAVE
TO ACTUALLY SAY OKAY WELL THIS WOULD BE CALTRANS WORK OR MAYBE IT'S GOING TO BE SUBCONTRACTED OUT.
ONCE WE FIGURED OUT WHAT THAT SOLUTION IS WE HAVE TO GO TO THE RIGHT GROUP
TO GET THE POLICY ADOPTED NOW THIS IS ACTUALLY A REALLY IMPORTANT PART AND YOU KNOW YOU'RE TAKING
U.S GOVERNMENT CLASS BUT ALWAYS CONSIDER TAKING A STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT CLASS AS WELL BECAUSE A
LOT OF THE POLICY THAT GETS PASSED THAT AFFECTS OUR EVERYDAY LIFE HAS TO DO WITH OUR CITIES AND
COUNTIES AND STATES RIGHT? AND SO KNOWING THE RIGHT GOVERNMENT LEVEL TO GO TO WHEN YOU NEED
TO SOLVE A PROBLEM CAN REALLY SAVE YOU TIME BUT ALSO POSSIBLY BE WHAT GETS THE PROBLEM FIXED.
SO POLICY ADOPTION IS SAY IN OUR EXAMPLE A FREEWAY YOU'D HAVE TO KNOW WHO TO GO TO AND SO FREEWAYS
LIKE THE 101 LIKE THE 126 WOULD BE MANAGED BY THE STATE WE WERE THINKING ABOUT LIKE INTERSTATE FIVE
OKAY THEN WE MIGHT BE NOT ONLY GOING TO THE STATE BUT ALSO HAVING TO ASK FOR MONEY FROM THE UNITED
STATES GOVERNMENT BECAUSE IT'S AN INTERSTATE. BUT HERE WE'RE FOCUSING ON A STATE LEVEL HIGHWAY AND
SO WE WOULD GO TO THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. THIS WOULD BE SOMETHING THAT YOUR LEGISL… YOUR STATE
LEGISLATORS… WOULD BE INVOLVED IN. AND SO AS A PART OF THAT YOU'D BE CONVINCING THEM THAT
THIS SOLUTION WOULD FIX THE PROBLEM. YOU'D BE SHOWING THEM THE DATA FOR THE PROBLEM YOU'D
BE SHOWING THEM THE POTENTIALS FOR THE SOLUTION YOU'D BE TALKING TO THEM ABOUT HOW MUCH IT WOULD
COST WHAT THE TIMELINE WOULD BE AND THEN IT WOULD BE UP TO THOSE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS TO DECIDE IF
THIS WAS WORTH THEM PASSING. NOW THESE OFFICIALS HAVE TO THINK ABOUT THE PROS AND THE CONS RIGHT
THE BOOK TALKS ABOUT WINNERS AND LOSERS SO THE WINNERS IN THIS SCENARIO MIGHT BE THE PEOPLE WHO
ARE DRIVING ON THE ROADS BUT THE LOSERS MIGHT BE WHAT IF, YOU KNOW, SOME OF THOSE FARMERS …WE HAVE
A LOT OF FARMLAND ESPECIALLY AS YOU'RE GOING INTO LIKE… WELL DECREASING, I MEAN …WHEN I WAS A KID IT
WAS A LOT OF FARMLAND UP THERE BUT YOU DO STILL HAVE OPEN SPACE… YOU DO HAVE BUSINESSES THAT ARE
RIGHT ALONG THE FREEWAYS IN THAT AREA… AND ARE YOU GOING TO HAVE TO EMINENT DOMAIN SOME OF THAT LAND?
WILL YOU HAVE TO TAKE PRIVATE LAND? COMPENSATED? YES, BUT GENERALLY NOT COMPENSATED AT WHAT THE
PEOPLE WILL FEEL IT'S VALUED AT. IN ORDER TO EXPAND THESE EXTRA TRANSITION LANES
AND SO THE POLITICIANS HAVE TO THINK ABOUT THIS COULD THIS HARM THEIR ABILITY OF GETTING REELECTED
IF THEY ANGER TOO MANY PEOPLE AND SO THAT'S WHAT WE GET AND WE TALK ABOUT YOU KNOW POLICY ADOPTION.
IT'S IMPORTANT TO THINK ABOUT WINNERS AND LOSERS BECAUSE THE POLITICIANS THINK ABOUT THIS IN TERMS
OF WHAT ARE MY ODDS OF GETTING ELECTED BACK INTO OFFICE AGAIN OR RUNNING FOR HIGHER OFFICE
NOW IF YOU HAPPEN TO GET YOUR POLICY PASSED GREAT THE NEXT STEP IS TO MOVE INTO IMPLEMENTATION WHICH
IS THE ACTUAL BUILDING… THE ACTUAL CARRYING OUT OF THE POLICY. SO IN THIS CASE THAT WE'RE
TALKING ABOUT THIS WOULD BE BUILDING THAT LANE. THIS WOULD PERHAPS BE BUYING THE LAND.
CLEARING THE LAND. BUILDING UP THE ROADWAY AND EXPANDING TO ADD THE EXTRA LANE. AND THEN
ADDING THE SIGNAGE AND THEN PERHAPS ADDING THE INFORMATION TO THE ROADWAY ITSELF ON THE PAVEMENT.
AND SO THAT WOULD BE THE CLOSING DOWN OF LANES AT CERTAIN HOURS OF TIME …THAT WOULD
BE POTENTIALLY PUTTING UP THE K RAIL RIGHT? EVERYBODY HATES IT WHEN CONSTRUCTION HAPPENS
BECAUSE ALL THAT CEMENT K RAIL BUT THAT'S PART OF IMPLEMENTATION. YOU'RE HOPING THAT YOU'LL BE
ABLE TO GET THE WORK DONE QUICKLY BUT YOU HAVE TO ACTUALLY WORK ON THE ROADWAY AT THE TIME.
ONCE YOU'RE FINISHED IMPLEMENTING AND YOU'VE PAID EVERYBODY TO DO THE WORK THEN YOU SAY “OKAY.” YOU
EVALUATE YOU SAY “DID WE SOLVE THE PROBLEM?” AND THIS IS WHERE THAT DATA COLLECTED IN THE
FIRST STEP OF IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM IS GOING TO COME BACK INTO PLAY, IF FOR EXAMPLE OUR ARGUMENT
WAS THAT WE GET A LOT OF TRAFFIC NEAR THE 126 DUE TO A LACK OF TRANSITION AND WE KNOW THIS BECAUSE
WE SEE MORE CONGESTION MORE ACCIDENTS WITHIN ONE MILE OF THE TRANSITION THEN OVER THE NEXT TWO OR
THREE YEARS WE SHOULD SEE FEWER ACCIDENTS AND WE SHOULD SEE FEWER TRAFFIC AROUND THAT TRANSITION.
IF WE DID OUR JOB THEN IT SOLVED …HEY YAY GREAT AWESOME! UNFORTUNATELY AND IS OFTENTIMES THE CASE,
WE MIGHT NOT HAVE SOLVED THE PROBLEM WHICH MEANS MAYBE OUR SOLUTION WAS WRONG. MAYBE
THE WAY WE IMPLEMENTED IT WAS WRONG. MAYBE THE SOLUTION WAS RIGHT …MAYBE WE JUST NEEDED
THREE MILES OF TRANSITION BECAUSE PEOPLE ARE DRIVING FASTER. MAYBE WE NEEDED LARGER SIGNS.
MAYBE WE NEEDED EARLIER SIGNS ON THE ROADWAY. SO MAYBE THE SOLUTION WASN'T QUITE RIGHT. MAYBE THE
IMPLEMENTATION WAS WRONG MAYBE THE ISSUE MAYBE WE'D STILL HAVE THE ACCIDENTS BECAUSE THE ROADWAY
IS SLICK RIGHT MAYBE IT'S HARDER FOR PEOPLE TO STOP BECAUSE MAYBE WE'RE USING A SURFACE
AN ASPHALT SURFACE OR A CONCRETE SURFACE THAT IS STILL A LITTLE BIT SLIPPERY AND SO MAYBE WE'RE
STILL SEEING SOME ACCIDENTS. BUT WE'RE GOING TO EVALUATE BASED UPON WHAT WE ORIGINALLY SAID WAS
THE ISSUE AND THE PROBLEM AND WE'RE GOING TO COMPARE THAT DATA. SO SOMETIMES PEOPLE
CAN YOU KNOW WE THINK ABOUT POLICY AS BEING A CYCLE WE THINK ABOUT POLICY AS BEING A CIRCLE
WE KIND OF SET IT UP AS A CIRCLE HERE BUT IN REALITY IN SOME WAYS IT'S A LITTLE BIT MORE
LIKE A SLINKY AND THAT MAYBE YOU DON'T CLOSE THAT LOOP BUT MAYBE YOU HAVE TO START THE LOOP AGAIN
AND TRY TO SOLVE THE NEXT THING. MAYBE WE AGAIN WE ONLY SOLVE THIS PROBLEM PART OF
THE SOLUTION MAYBE WE YOU KNOW DIDN'T ACTUALLY IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM BUT WE'RE STILL SOLVING.
MAYBE WE'RE STILL SOLVING ONE OF THE SYMPTOMS BUT NOT THE ACTUAL PROBLEM. SO HOPEFULLY THIS ALL MADE
SENSE. MAKE SURE YOU BOOKMARK THIS BECAUSE ONE OF YOUR ASSIGNMENTS IS GOING TO HAVE YOU COME
BACK AND DO THIS YOURSELF, TAKING A LOOK AT A PROBLEM THAT BOTHERS YOU WITHIN YOUR COMMUNITY.
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