Fat Soluble Vitamins: Vitamins A, D, E, K - Nutrition Essentials for Nursing | @LevelUpRN
Summary
TLDRIn this video, Cathy from Level Up RN covers the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. She explains the functions, food sources, deficiency symptoms, and toxicity risks associated with each vitamin. Key points include vitamin A's role in vision, vitamin D's role in calcium absorption and bone health, vitamin E as an antioxidant, and vitamin K's importance in blood clotting. Cathy also highlights important considerations, like the interaction between vitamin K and warfarin, before concluding with a quiz to reinforce learning.
Takeaways
- 🟡 Vitamin A supports vision, immune function, and cell growth. It is found in orange and yellow vegetables, fish, liver, dairy, and eggs.
- 🟢 A deficiency in vitamin A can cause xerophthalmia, leading to night blindness and dry eyes.
- 🟡 Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption, bone growth, and decreasing inflammation. Sunlight, fatty fish, and fortified foods are key sources.
- 🟢 Deficiency in vitamin D can cause Ricketts in children and osteomalacia in adults, leading to bone deformities and seizures.
- 🟡 Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, supports immune function, and metabolism. It is found in seeds, nuts, vegetable oils, and green leafy vegetables.
- 🟢 Deficiency in vitamin E can cause peripheral neuropathy and impaired balance, while excess vitamin E increases the risk of bleeding.
- 🟡 Vitamin K is important for blood clotting and bone maintenance. It is found in green leafy vegetables, vegetable oil, and soybeans.
- 🟢 Deficiency in vitamin K increases the risk of bleeding, while toxicity is rare, but consistency in intake is important for patients on warfarin.
- 🟡 Vitamin A toxicity can lead to increased intracranial pressure, joint pain, liver damage, and birth defects.
- 🟢 Vitamin D toxicity can result in hypercalcemia, nausea, muscle weakness, and dehydration.
Q & A
What are the fat-soluble vitamins discussed in the video?
-The fat-soluble vitamins discussed are vitamins A, D, E, and K.
What are the main functions of vitamin A in the body?
-Vitamin A supports vision, immune function, and cell growth.
Which foods are good sources of vitamin A?
-Foods rich in vitamin A include orange and yellow vegetables and fruits, such as carrots, sweet potatoes, cantaloupe, and mango, as well as fish, liver, dairy, and eggs.
What condition can result from a deficiency in vitamin A?
-A deficiency in vitamin A can cause xerophthalmia, which leads to night blindness, drying of the cornea, and drying of the conjunctiva.
What are some risks associated with vitamin A toxicity?
-Vitamin A toxicity can lead to increased intracranial pressure, joint pain, liver damage, and birth defects.
Why is vitamin D essential, and how can it be obtained?
-Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption, bone growth, and reducing inflammation. It can be obtained from sunlight, fatty fish, fish oil, and fortified foods like milk and cereals.
What are the effects of vitamin D deficiency in children and adults?
-Vitamin D deficiency can cause Rickets in children, leading to decreased bone density, developmental delays, seizures, and skeletal deformities. In adults, it can cause osteomalacia, leading to bone pain and deformities.
What are the main functions of vitamin E, and what foods provide it?
-Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, supports immune function, and aids metabolism. It is found in seeds, nuts, vegetable oils, and green leafy vegetables.
What are the risks of vitamin E deficiency and toxicity?
-Vitamin E deficiency can cause peripheral neuropathy, ataxia (impaired balance), and decreased immune function. Toxicity can impair blood coagulation, increasing the risk of bleeding.
Why is vitamin K important, and what should patients on warfarin be cautious about?
-Vitamin K is important for blood clotting and bone maintenance. Patients on warfarin should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K, as changes in its levels can affect the medication's effectiveness and their risk of bleeding or clotting.
Outlines
🟠 Overview of Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, and K)
In this video, Cathy introduces fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, and K. She starts with Vitamin A, highlighting its roles in vision, immune function, and cell growth. Sources of Vitamin A include orange and yellow vegetables like carrots, sweet potatoes, and fruits like mango. Deficiency can cause xerophthalmia, leading to night blindness and dry eyes, while toxicity may result in increased intracranial pressure, joint pain, and liver damage.
🌞 Vitamin D: Role in Calcium Absorption and Bone Health
Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption, bone growth, and reducing inflammation. Key sources include sunlight, fatty fish, and fortified foods like milk. Deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, both characterized by bone deformities. Toxicity can cause hypercalcemia, nausea, muscle weakness, and dehydration. Cathy emphasizes the importance of adequate vitamin D levels for maintaining healthy bones.
🌿 Vitamin E: Antioxidant and Immune Support
Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant, supports the immune system, and aids metabolism. Food sources include seeds, nuts, vegetable oils, and green leafy vegetables. Deficiency can result in peripheral neuropathy, ataxia (impaired balance), and weakened immune function. On the other hand, excessive vitamin E intake can interfere with blood clotting, increasing the risk of bleeding. Cathy offers a helpful tip: too much 'E' can lead to bleeding.
🟢 Vitamin K: Blood Clotting and Bone Health
Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting and bone maintenance. It is found in green leafy vegetables (broccoli, kale) and vegetable oils. Deficiency increases the risk of bleeding. Cathy explains the importance of maintaining consistent vitamin K intake for patients on warfarin (an anticoagulant), as fluctuating levels can affect the effectiveness of the medication. She also warns against confusing vitamin K with potassium, which is denoted by 'K' in chemical symbols.
❓ Quiz Time: Test Your Knowledge on Vitamins
Cathy concludes the video with a quiz, testing viewers on their understanding of vitamin deficiencies, such as xerophthalmia due to lack of vitamin A, and the role of vitamin D in calcium absorption. She also emphasizes the need for consistent vitamin K intake for patients on warfarin. Cathy encourages viewers to review the material if needed, subscribe to the channel, and share the video with nursing classmates.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Fat-soluble vitamins
💡Vitamin A
💡Xerophthalmia
💡Vitamin D
💡Rickets
💡Osteomalacia
💡Vitamin E
💡Peripheral neuropathy
💡Vitamin K
💡Warfarin
Highlights
Introduction to fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and their functions.
Vitamin A supports vision, immune function, and cell growth.
Sources of Vitamin A include orange/yellow vegetables, fruits, fish, liver, dairy, and eggs.
Vitamin A deficiency can cause xerophthalmia, leading to night blindness and dry cornea/conjunctiva.
Vitamin A toxicity can increase intracranial pressure, cause joint pain, liver damage, and birth defects.
Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption, bone growth, and reducing inflammation.
Sources of Vitamin D include sunlight, fatty fish, fish oil, and fortified foods like milk and cereals.
Vitamin D deficiency can result in Ricketts in children and osteomalacia in adults.
Vitamin D toxicity can cause hypercalcemia, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, and dehydration.
Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and supports immune function and metabolism.
Sources of Vitamin E include seeds, nuts, vegetable oil, and green leafy vegetables.
Vitamin E deficiency can cause peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and decreased immune function.
Vitamin E toxicity can impair blood coagulation, increasing the risk of bleeding.
Vitamin K is important for blood clotting and bone maintenance.
Vitamin K deficiency increases the risk of bleeding; important for patients on warfarin to maintain consistent Vitamin K intake.
Transcripts
Hi, I am Cathy with Level Up RN. And in this video, I am going to go over the
fat soluble vitamins, so vitamins A, D, E, and K. And if you're following along with cards,
I'm on card number 11. And if you stick with me through the whole video, at the end, I will give
you guys a little quiz, little knowledge check, make sure you're paying attention.
Let's start with vitamin A. Vitamin A plays a number of important functions in the body
including supporting vision as well as immune function and cell growth.
You can find vitamin A in a variety of food sources including
orange and yellow vegetables and fruits. So carrots is the one that everybody seems to
know. And it's true. Carrots are orange and they are rich in vitamin A, and they do support vision.
Other orange or yellow vegetables or fruits include sweet potatoes and cantaloupe and mango.
And those are all rich in vitamin A as well. You can also find vitamin A
in fish, liver, dairy, and eggs. So if your patient has a deficiency in vitamin A,
it can cause a condition called xerophthalmia. And this is a condition of the eye that can cause
night blindness, drying of the cornea, and drying of the conjunctiva.
If your patient has toxicity, because again, vitamin A as well as D, E,
and K are all fat soluble vitamins, so there is definitely a greater risk of toxicity.
Toxicity can cause an increase in intercranial pressure. It can cause joint pain, liver damage,
and birth defects in a developing fetus. Alright. Now let's talk about vitamin D.
Vitamin D is another fat soluble vitamin. It is essential for calcium absorption. It is critical
for bone growth and remodeling, and it also helps to decrease inflammation in the body.
A key source of vitamin D is actually the sunlight. So if you have a patient who
is inside all the time and doesn't get any sun, chances are they may be deficient in
vitamin D and may require supplementation. Other sources of vitamin D include food sources
such as fatty fish, fish oil, and fortified foods. So, often milk or cereals are fortified with
vitamin D, and that helps to increase an individual's intake of that vitamin.
Deficiency can result in Ricketts in children. So signs and symptoms of this disorder
include decreased bone density, developmental delays, seizures, and skeletal deformity.
Or we can end up with osteomalacia in adults which is also characterized by bone
deformities as well as bone pain and seizures. So our little Cool Chicken hint here on card 12
is hopefully helpful for you. Low vitamin D can cause decreased bone density and bone deformity.
So we got all those Ds in there in that sentence to help you remember
that lack of vitamin D is going to cause those bone deformities and decreased bone density.
If we have toxicity associated with excess vitamin D, which is always a risk because it's
a fat soluble vitamin and stored in the body for a long period of time, signs and symptoms
of toxicity can include hypercalcemia, nausea and vomiting, muscle weakness, and dehydration.
Alright. Next up we have vitamin E. Vitamin E plays a number of important functions in the body.
It acts as an antioxidant. It helps to support immune function and also supports metabolism.
You can find vitamin E in foods such as seeds, nuts, vegetable oil, and green leafy vegetables.
If you have a deficiency in vitamin E, this can cause peripheral neuropathy as well as ataxia,
which is a fancy name for impaired balance and coordination.
Also a lack of vitamin E can cause a decrease in immune function.
If we have too much vitamin E, so toxicity of vitamin E, this can impair blood coagulation which
would increase a patient's risk for bleeding. So our little Cool Chicken hint here on this
card is that too much E can cause bleeding. So hopefully that's helpful for you!
And next up, we got vitamin K. Vitamin K is important for blood clotting as well
as bone maintenance. You can find vitamin K in a variety of foods including green leafy
vegetables like broccoli, kale, and collards.You can also find it in vegetable oil and soybeans.
A deficiency in vitamin K places an individual at increased risk for bleeding because vitamin
K is an essential component of the coagulation cascade. So if you don't have enough vitamin K,
then you're not going to clot effectively and you have increased risk of bleeding.
So there's a low potential for toxicity, so too much vitamin K.
However, if you have a patient who is on warfarin, which is an anticoagulant that
works by antagonizing vitamin K, then it's going to be important for that patient to maintain a
consistent intake of vitamin K. Because if they suddenly increase their intake of vitamin K,
their medicine is not going to be as effective. They're not going to get good anticoagulation from
warfarin. And if they suddenly decrease their intake of vitamin K,
then they're going to be at risk for bleeding. So they really need to maintain a consistent
intake, and that will allow their provider to get the right dosing down of warfarin so that
they can have the anticoagulation without too much clotting and without too much bleeding.
The other thing I want to mention is that it's really easy to confuse
vitamin K with potassium, which the symbol for that is K. So definitely
watch out for that. Super common amongst nursing students to get those two things confused.
Alright. You guys ready for quiz time? I have three questions for you.
First question. Xerophthalmia is caused by a deficiency of what vitamin?
Alright. If you answered vitamin A, you got that right.
Second question. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption?
Vitamin D. So when people are needing a calcium supplement, they are often
given vitamin D at the same time because that vitamin D is needed for calcium absorption.
Third question. If you have a patient who is on warfarin, an anticoagulant,
should they increase their intake of vitamin K,
decrease their intake of vitamin K, or maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K?
Alright. If you answered consistent intake, you are right.
So if you had trouble with any of those questions,
definitely go back and review the video. Take a look at our cards.
You got this. So I'm here for you. We'll get through all this material together,
and I know you'll do great. Take care! I invite you to subscribe to our channel and share
a link with your classmates and friends in nursing school. If you found value in this video, be sure
and hit the like button, and leave a comment and let us know what you found particularly helpful.
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