Identifikasi Permukiman Tradisional - Identifikasi Elemen Permukiman

Emilya Kalsum

5 Oct 202016:08

Summary

TLDRThis video lecture delves into the identification of urban elements in West Kalimantan's architecture, focusing on the theoretical study of cities and settlements. It explores the complex relationships between five key elements: nature, humans, society, buildings, and networks. The lecture discusses spatial organization, the physical environment's role, and the interdependence of various spaces. It also covers spatial structure from social, economic, and physical perspectives, and the impact of daily activities and rituals on space. The lecture aims to understand the characteristics of settlements by examining their geographical, historical, and cultural aspects, ultimately identifying the settlement patterns of major ethnic groups in West Kalimantan, such as the Dayak, Malay, and Chinese.

Takeaways

🏙️ The lecture discusses urban and rural planning in West Kalimantan, focusing on identifying elements of settlements as described by Doxiadis.
🌿 It covers the relationship between five elements: nature (nicer), humans (anthropos), society, buildings (shell), and networks.
🔍 The lecture delves into the characteristics of spatial organization, emphasizing the interdependence within spaces and the functional relationships among various objects and people.
🏡 It discusses the concept of space structure from three aspects: social structure, economic structure, and physical structure and activities.
🌱 The importance of understanding the spatial structure in relation to activities, such as agriculture or hunting, and how these activities form complex systems.
🌐 The lecture touches on the impact of space on daily activities and rituals, highlighting the need for an integrative view that considers not just the surface of the earth but also what lies beneath and above.
🏞️ It explores the historical development of settlements, including the origins of communities, migrations, and the influences of natural disasters or conflicts on settlement patterns.
🗺️ The lecture emphasizes the significance of land use in shaping settlement patterns, including the role of traditional, cultural, and sacred spaces.
🏛️ The cultural aspects of settlements are examined through seven elements of culture as outlined by Koentjaraningrat, including social systems, economic activities, religion, knowledge systems, technology, language, and arts.
🌟 The final takeaway is about identifying the patterns of settlements in West Kalimantan, particularly among the Dayak, Malay, and Chinese ethnic groups, and understanding how historical interpretations and cultural impacts shape these patterns.

Q & A

What are the five elements of settlement identified by Doxiadis?
-The five elements of settlement identified by Doxiadis are: nature (nicer), human (anthropos), society (society), shell (buildings), and network (network).
How does the concept of space (ruang) relate to the organization of various objects and human relationships?
-Space (ruang) is fundamentally a physical environment where there is an organizational relationship between various objects and humans within specific areas. It involves a dependency or interconnected relationship among different spaces within a spatial arrangement.
What is the significance of the interdependent processes in the formation of spatial patterns?
-The interdependent processes are significant in forming spatial patterns because they involve activities that are specialized in certain areas according to the functional relationships within them, such as the provision of physical space to meet the needs of various activities like living, economic, and social-cultural activities.
How does the concept of space structure relate to social, economic, and physical structures?
-Space structure can be viewed from three aspects: social structure, which shows the relationships within a social system; economic structure, which describes the activities conducted by the community or population; and physical structure and activities, which display the physical forms of space identified through the grouping of facilities in a specific location.
What are the three types of activity systems mentioned in the script?
-The three types of activity systems mentioned are: individual activity systems, institutional activity systems, and complex systems of activity that involve relationships between various systems of activity, both individual and group.
How does the concept of space culture relate to daily activities or rituals?
-Space culture involves the analysis of cultural space to identify the hierarchy of space and the nature of space usage, considering how the hierarchy of activities leads to a hierarchy of spaces and how the nature of activities or the characteristics of usage influence the spatial arrangement.
What is the importance of understanding the historical development of a settlement?
-Understanding the historical development of a settlement is important to identify the patterns of change and growth over time, which can be influenced by factors such as migration, natural disasters, diseases, wars, and other historical events.
What are the elements that form the land use of a settlement?
-The elements that form the land use of a settlement include water bodies, forests, residential areas, agriculture, infrastructure, empty lands, cemeteries, traditional forest sites, and sacred places.
How does traditional or vernacular society view the significance of 'empty' land?
-In traditional or vernacular societies, 'empty' land is significant not only for its physical presence but also for its cultural, social, and religious activities. It may serve as a place for economic activities, cultural practices, and rituals.
What are the seven cultural aspects that influence the settlement pattern of a society according to Koentjaraningrat?
-The seven cultural aspects that influence the settlement pattern according to Koentjaraningrat are: social system, institutional system, economic system, religious system, knowledge system, technology system, and language and arts.
How does the interpretation of history and its impact on social and cultural characteristics contribute to the formation of settlement patterns?
-The interpretation of history and its impact on social and cultural characteristics, along with the natural environment and land use, contributes to the formation of settlement patterns by influencing the physical structures, building artifacts, open spaces, layout, spatial structure, grouping, distribution, circulation, orientation, and hierarchy within the settlement.

Outlines

00:00

🏙️ Urban Planning Elements and Spatial Structure

This paragraph discusses the elements of urban planning as introduced by Doxiadis, which include nature, human, society, shell (buildings), and network (infrastructure). It emphasizes the complex relationships between these elements in forming urban patterns. The concept of spatial organization is introduced, highlighting the interdependence of various objects and humans within specific spaces. The paragraph also touches on the conceptual approach to spatial organization, focusing on processes that are interdependent, such as the allocation of physical space to meet the needs of various activities. It also mentions the importance of considering not just the surface of the earth but also the subsurface and atmosphere, integrating geological and hydrological factors into urban planning.

05:00

🌾 Traditional Society's Activities and Spatial Hierarchy

This section delves into the activities of traditional societies, such as the Dayak community, and how they relate to complex systems of individual, institutional, and interrelated activities. It discusses how these activities can conflict with other communities and how they are influenced by cultural and ritual practices. The paragraph also explores the concept of spatial culture, examining how daily activities and rituals shape the hierarchy and use of space. An exploratory approach to analyzing space is mentioned, which considers the function and significance of space, the impact of cultural and religious life on the creation of space, and the identification of physical variables such as buildings and gardens in residential spatial patterns.

10:03

🌿 Cultural and Functional Analysis of Traditional Settlements

The paragraph focuses on the cultural and functional aspects of traditional settlements, emphasizing the importance of not only buildings but also 'empty' spaces that hold cultural, social, and religious significance. It discusses how traditional societies, such as the Dayak, use spaces for economic, social, and religious activities, and how these activities influence the formation of settlement patterns. The paragraph also introduces the seven cultural elements outlined by Koentjaraningrat, which include social systems, institutions, religion, knowledge systems, technology, language, and arts. These elements are crucial in understanding how cultural practices influence the use of space and the creation of settlement patterns.

15:04

🔍 Identifying Settlement Patterns in West Kalimantan

This final paragraph summarizes the process of identifying settlement patterns, particularly in West Kalimantan, focusing on the largest ethnic groups: the Dayak, Malay, and Chinese. It highlights the importance of understanding the geographical, historical, and cultural factors that influence settlement patterns. The paragraph also mentions the need to consider the functional aspects of land use, such as agriculture, infrastructure, and sacred sites, in analyzing settlement patterns. The video script concludes by suggesting that the next step is to apply this understanding to identify various settlements in West Kalimantan.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Identifikasi

Identifikasi refers to the process of identifying or recognizing elements. In the video, it is used to describe the process of understanding the components that make up a settlement, such as physical structures, social interactions, and natural elements. The script discusses how these components interact to form complex urban patterns.

💡Doxiadis

Doxiadis is mentioned as a source of understanding the elements of a settlement. Constantinos Doxiadis was a Greek architect and urban planner who developed theories on urban development. In the script, his work is referenced to highlight the foundational elements of settlements: nature, humans, society, buildings, and networks.

💡Tata Ruang

Tata Ruang translates to 'spatial organization' and is a key concept in urban planning. The script discusses how it involves the physical environment and the organizational relationships between various objects and people within specific spaces. It is integral to understanding the layout and structure of settlements.

💡Rapport

Rapport is likely referring to the work of the urban theorist John Friedmann, who wrote about 'space' in the context of urban planning. In the script, it mentions 'struktur ruang' which could relate to Friedmann's ideas about how space is organized and the interdependencies within it.

💡Sistem Kegiatan

Sistem Kegiatan translates to 'activity system' and refers to the various activities or behaviors that occur within a settlement. The script differentiates between individual, institutional, and complex societal activities, illustrating how these systems interact and shape the settlement's character.

💡Ruang Budaya

Ruang Budaya translates to 'cultural space' and is used in the script to discuss the daily activities and rituals that occur within a settlement. It is a concept that emphasizes the importance of understanding the cultural practices and how they influence the use and organization of space.

💡Koentjaraningrat

Koentjaraningrat is mentioned in relation to the cultural aspects of settlements. It likely refers to the work of the Indonesian sociologist Koentjaraningrat, who studied the cultural systems of Indonesia. The script uses his work to discuss the seven cultural elements that influence settlement patterns.

💡Tata Guna Lahan

Tata Guna Lahan translates to 'land use planning' and is a concept that involves the allocation and arrangement of different land uses within a settlement. The script discusses how understanding land use is crucial for recognizing the various elements that form a settlement, such as water bodies, forests, and agricultural areas.

💡Etnis Dayak

Etnis Dayak refers to the Dayak ethnic group, one of the largest ethnic groups in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The script mentions the Dayak as an example of a group whose settlement patterns are influenced by their cultural practices, illustrating the diversity of settlement patterns across different ethnicities.

💡Geomorfologi

Geomorfologi translates to 'geomorphology,' the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. In the context of the video, it is used to discuss how the physical geography, including topography, hydrology, flora, fauna, and climate, influences settlement patterns.

💡Sejarah dan Perkembangan

Sejarah dan Perkembangan translates to 'history and development.' The script uses this term to discuss the historical evolution of settlements, including the origins of communities, migrations, and how these historical factors have shaped the current settlement patterns.

Highlights

Introduction to the second lecture on urban and settlement planning in West Kalimantan, focusing on the identification of settlement elements.

Review of Doxiadis' five elements of a settlement: nature, human, society, shell, and network.

Understanding the complex relationships between the five elements in forming a settlement pattern.

Exploration of spatial organization as a physical environment with organizational relationships among various objects and humans within specific spaces.

Conceptual emphasis on processes that are interdependent, such as activities specialized in certain areas based on functional relationships.

Discussion on the physical availability that meets the needs of space for various activities, including housing, economic, and social-cultural activities.

Explanation of how space is formed due to societal activities, including circulation and communication networks.

Rapoport's explanation of spatial structure from three aspects: social, economic, and physical activity.

Identification of settlement elements for understanding the characteristics of a settlement.

Importance of considering the physical environment, including geology and hydrology, in spatial planning.

Ronel's view on space formation due to societal activities, behavior patterns, and categorization into three systems of individual, institutional, and complex activities.

Analysis of cultural space, including daily activities and ritual-based activities.

Approach to identifying settlement characteristics through an exploratory method, examining the function, interest, and cultural and religious life of the community.

Identification of physical variables in residential spatial patterns, such as buildings, gardens, and structural layout.

Historical review and development of settlements, including the origin of the community and the influences of migration and disasters.

Analysis of the land use patterns that form the settlement, including water bodies, forests, agriculture, infrastructure, and sacred sites.

Cultural aspects of land use, emphasizing the importance of seemingly empty spaces that are used for cultural, social, and religious activities.

Seven cultural elements that influence settlement patterns, as outlined by Koentjaraningrat.

Interpretation of historical influences on social and cultural characteristics, along with the physical environment and land use.

Final discussion on identifying settlements in West Kalimantan, particularly among the Dayak, Malay, and Chinese ethnic groups.