Elemen Permukiman Tradisional 03

Emilya Kalsum

16 Sept 202015:15

Summary

TLDRThis video script explores the traditional architecture of West Kalimantan through the lens of Doxiadis' four elements of settlement: nature, man, society, and shelter. It delves into the complex relationship between culture and the environment, highlighting how geography, topography, geology, flora, and fauna influence settlement patterns. The script also examines the cultural practices of various Indonesian ethnic groups, showcasing unique architectural features like the Toraja's Alang and Rante Kalimbuang, and emphasizing the importance of preserving these cultural heritages.

Takeaways

🏞️ The script discusses the traditional architecture of West Kalimantan in Indonesia, focusing on the elements of settlement as presented by Doxiadis.
🌳 The five elements of settlement are natural conditions, humans, society, shelter, and networks, which can be condensed into three parts: nature, place, and network.
👥 The human and cultural aspects of settlement are complex systems involving interrelated ideas, activities, and physical objects or works.
🏡 The script highlights the seven cultural elements identified by Koentjaraningrat: tools, livelihoods, social systems, language, arts, knowledge systems, and religion.
🌱 The cultural elements are manifestations of ideas, activities, and physical objects that are interconnected, leading to the emergence of these seven elements.
🏘️ The importance of understanding the cultural elements attached to human settlements is emphasized, such as buildings or shelters within a settlement.
🗺️ The script explores the geographical aspects of settlements, including mountains, rivers, lakes, and seas, and how these influence settlement locations and choices.
🏔️ Topography is considered in terms of how it affects the use of land and the construction of buildings, with examples from Bali and the Dayak community.
🌿 The script mentions the importance of flora and fauna in relation to the economy and how they are utilized by the inhabitants.
👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Human and cultural relationships with nature are examined, including how people utilize and impact the environment for economic and cultural needs.
🏞️ The script describes various traditional settlements in Indonesia, emphasizing the unique characteristics and the need for further research to preserve these as local treasures.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?
-The main topic of the video is the study of West Kalimantan architecture, focusing on urban and settlement theories, particularly traditional settlements.
What are the five elements of settlement according to Doxiadis?
-According to Doxiadis, the five elements of a settlement are natural or physical conditions, man, society, shelter, and network or infrastructure.
How can the four elements of settlement be simplified?
-The four elements of settlement can be simplified into three parts: physical environment (Rona Alam), place and network, and human and culture.
What are the seven cultural elements mentioned by Koentjaraningrat?
-The seven cultural elements mentioned by Koentjaraningrat are tools, occupation, social system, language, arts, knowledge system, and religion.
How are the seven cultural elements interconnected?
-The seven cultural elements are interconnected through ideas, activities, and physical objects or works, which together form a complex system of culture.
What is the importance of understanding the cultural elements in the context of settlements?
-Understanding the cultural elements in the context of settlements helps to identify how human culture is expressed through the buildings and structures within the settlement.
How does the geography of an area influence the location and structure of settlements?
-The geography, including the presence of mountains, rivers, lakes, and seas, influences the location of settlements and the choice of shelter or infrastructure.
What role does topography play in the development of settlements?
-Topography, whether it is steep or flat, affects how land is used and can lead to unique agricultural systems or infrastructure solutions within a settlement.
How does the geology of an area affect the construction of buildings and other structures?
-The fertility of the land and the characteristics of the soil can impact the construction of buildings and other structures within a settlement.
What is the relationship between flora and fauna and the economic systems of a settlement?
-Flora and fauna are integral to the economic systems of a settlement, as they can be sources of food, materials, and medicine.
How do traditional communities utilize the natural environment for both economic and cultural needs?
-Traditional communities often utilize the natural environment for economic needs such as agriculture and hunting, as well as for cultural practices like burial customs and rituals.

Outlines

00:00

🏞️ Urban Planning and Cultural Elements

This paragraph introduces the final video in a series on urban and settlement studies in West Kalimantan. It discusses the five elements of settlement as presented by Doxiadis: natural conditions, humans, society, shelter, and networks. The video aims to simplify these elements into three parts: natural environment, place, and networks. It further explores the complex system of human culture, identifying seven cultural elements according to Koentjaraningrat: tools, livelihood systems, social systems, language, arts, knowledge systems, and religion. These elements are manifestations of ideas, activities, and artifacts, forming a cycle of interaction based on certain patterns and social systems.

05:00

🌄 Geospatial Analysis in Settlement Planning

This paragraph delves into the geographical and topographical aspects of settlements, emphasizing the importance of understanding the terrain and its impact on infrastructure and agriculture. It discusses how different topographies, such as mountainous regions and valleys, influence the way land is used and how communities adapt to their environments. The paragraph also touches on geology, flora, and fauna, and how these natural elements interact with human activities and cultural practices. Examples are given, such as how a man might use a tree for economic gain or cultural purposes, like a burial site.

10:05

🏡 Traditional Settlements and Their Unique Characteristics

This paragraph focuses on the physical elements of traditional settlements, such as the architecture and naming conventions of different ethnic groups in Indonesia. It highlights the diversity in settlement types across the country and provides examples of traditional structures like the 'Alang' or granary and 'Rante Kalimbuang', a place for death ceremonies in Toraja culture. The paragraph also mentions the use of trees for burials and the unique features of settlements like 'Londa' or cliff graves, emphasizing the rich cultural heritage and the need for further research to preserve these traditional practices.

15:06

📢 Conclusion and Greetings

The final paragraph is a closing statement that reiterates the greetings and provides a sign-off for the video series. It does not contain substantial content related to the main discussion but serves as a courteous end to the presentation.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Architecture

Architecture refers to the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures. In the context of the video, architecture is discussed in relation to traditional settlements in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, highlighting the importance of understanding the cultural and environmental factors that influence the design and layout of these structures.

💡Settlement

A settlement is a location where people have chosen to live and build their homes. The video script discusses traditional settlements, emphasizing the elements that make up these communities, such as natural conditions, human inhabitants, society, shelter, buildings, and networks.

💡Doxiadis

Doxiadis refers to Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis, a Greek architect and town planner whose theories on urban planning and settlement design are mentioned in the script. Doxiadis believed that settlements consist of natural elements, humans, society, shelter, and networks, which are all interconnected.

💡Culture

Culture encompasses the beliefs, customs, arts, and other aspects that characterize a society. In the video, culture is highlighted as a complex system that influences and is influenced by the physical aspects of settlements, such as the types of buildings constructed and the way communities are organized.

💡Koentjaraningrat

Koentjaraningrat is mentioned as a source of insight into the seven cultural elements, which include tools, livelihood, social systems, language, arts, knowledge systems, and religion. These elements are said to manifest as ideas, activities, and physical creations, and are integral to understanding the human aspect of settlements.

💡Geography

Geography is the study of the Earth's landscapes, peoples, places, and environments. The video script uses geography to analyze how the physical features of the land, such as mountains, rivers, and lakes, impact the location and design of settlements.

💡Topography

Topography refers to the physical features of a landscape. The video discusses how different topographies, such as steep mountains or flat plains, can influence the type of agriculture, infrastructure, and building designs that are practical for a settlement.

💡Economy

Economy pertains to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The script mentions how the economy of a settlement is tied to its environment, such as using the land for farming or fishing, and how this influences the community's way of life.

💡Flora and Fauna

Flora and fauna are the plant and animal life of a particular region, respectively. The video script discusses how the presence of certain flora and fauna can impact the economy and culture of a settlement, such as using local plants for medicine or food.

💡Irigation

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land to assist in the growth of crops. The video uses the example of Bali's terraced rice fields to illustrate how the topography of an area can be utilized to create efficient irrigation systems.

💡Traditional Housing

Traditional housing refers to the types of dwellings that are characteristic of a particular culture or region. The script describes various forms of traditional housing in Indonesia, such as the 'coto' of the Malay people or the 'Alang' of the Toraja people, which reflect the cultural identity and environmental adaptation of the inhabitants.

Highlights

Introduction to the final video on West Kalimantan architecture in urban and regional studies.

Discussion on traditional settlement elements as presented by Doxiadis.

Explanation of the five elements of settlement: natural conditions, humans, society, shelter, and network.

Simplification of the four settlement elements into three parts: physical environment, place, and network.

Introduction to the complex system of human culture in relation to settlement.

Koentjaraningrat's seven cultural elements: tools, livelihood, social system, language, arts, knowledge system, and religion.

The interrelation of ideas, activities, and physical objects or works in the formation of cultural elements.

The manifestation of cultural values within a society, including religious, social, political, scientific, technological, and economic values.

Analysis of how traditional settlements incorporate cultural elements, such as buildings and shelters.

Importance of understanding the geographical aspects of a settlement, like mountains, rivers, and lakes.

Impact of topography on the use of land and the construction of infrastructure in settlements.

Role of geology and soil fertility in the construction of buildings and the economic system of a settlement.

Influence of flora and fauna on the economic and cultural practices of a community.

Examination of the relationship between humans and nature, including the exploitation and preservation of the environment.

Examples of how different communities utilize their natural environment for economic and cultural needs.

Identification of the physical elements of a settlement, such as space, shelter, and network.

Importance of identifying the names and functions of settlement elements to understand their cultural significance.

Differentiation of settlement types and names among various ethnic groups in Indonesia.

Examples of traditional settlement artifacts, such as Alang, Rante Kalimbuang, and Londa, showcasing the unique cultural characteristics of Indonesian communities.

The need for further research and identification of traditional settlements to preserve local history and culture.

Encouragement to study the patterns of traditional settlements to understand their forms and philosophies.