Land-Based Empires EXPAND [AP World History Review—Unit 3 Topic 1]
Summary
TLDRThis AP World History unit explores the rise of land-based empires from 1450 to 1750, focusing on the Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, and Qing dynasties. These 'gunpowder empires' expanded due to military innovations and territorial control. The Ottomans' capture of Constantinople and the Safavid's declaration as a Shia state were pivotal. The Mughal Empire prospered under Akbar's tolerant rule, while the Qing overthrew the Ming, expanding into Central Asia. Conflicts arose from religious differences and territorial ambitions, such as the Safavid-Mughal wars and the Moroccan invasion of the Songhai Empire.
Takeaways
- 🌍 The focus is on land-based empires expanding during 1450-1750, with a key difference from sea-based empires.
- 🛡️ These land-based empires gained power through territorial expansion and military strength, primarily using gunpowder.
- 🏴 The Ottoman Empire was a significant Islamic empire during this period, known for its strategic use of gunpowder and conquest of Constantinople in 1453.
- 🔫 The Safavid Empire, established in the 1500s, declared itself a Shia Muslim state, creating tension with neighboring Sunni empires.
- 🕌 The Mughal Empire in South and Central Asia expanded rapidly with gunpowder, and under Akbar, it became religiously tolerant and prosperous.
- 💥 The Ming Dynasty in China declined due to internal issues and external wars, leading to the rise of the Qing Dynasty, which expanded China's territory.
- ⚔️ Conflicts between empires, such as the Safavid-Mughal wars, were driven by both political goals and religious differences (Shia vs. Sunni).
- 🧨 The Moroccan-Songhai conflict highlights how gunpowder weapons gave certain empires a military edge, with Morocco defeating the Songhai due to this advantage.
- 📜 The script emphasizes the significance of gunpowder technology as a key factor in the expansion and dominance of these empires.
- 🎯 Religious and political rivalries were common as these empires vied for dominance, often leading to protracted conflicts without clear victories.
Q & A
What is the main focus of Unit 3 in AP World History?
-The main focus of Unit 3 is to discuss the expansion of land-based empires between the years 1450 to 1750.
What distinguishes land-based empires from sea-based empires?
-Land-based empires derive their power from territorial holdings, while sea-based empires gain power through control of the seas.
What is the common cause for the expansion of these land-based empires?
-The common cause for the expansion of these empires is their militaristic use of gunpowder, which is why they are often referred to as gunpowder empires.
What is significant about the Ottoman Empire's control of the Dardanelles?
-The Ottoman Empire's control of the Dardanelles was significant because it was a strategic choke point they used to launch many of their campaigns of expansion.
What was the most significant achievement of the Ottomans during this period?
-The most significant achievement of the Ottomans was the sack of Constantinople in 1453, which they renamed Istanbul and became the crown jewel of their empire.
Why was the Safavid Empire's declaration as a Shia Muslim State significant?
-The Safavid Empire's declaration as a Shia Muslim State was significant because it set them apart from neighboring Sunni Muslim empires, leading to religious rivalry and conflict.
How did Akbar's religious tolerance contribute to the Mughal Empire's prosperity?
-Akbar's religious tolerance, along with his administrative skills, allowed for a more harmonious rule over the majority Hindu population, contributing to the Mughal Empire becoming the most prosperous empire of the 16th century.
What was the ethnic background of the Ming Dynasty and how did it differ from the preceding Mongol rule?
-The Ming Dynasty was ethnically Han, which contrasted with the preceding Mongol rule that was established by outsiders. This led to the establishment of a truly Chinese dynasty after the Mongols.
How did the Qing Dynasty come to power in China?
-The Qing Dynasty came to power by taking advantage of the fractured Ming Dynasty. They invaded and set up their own dynasty, launching a 40-year campaign of conquest to claim all former Ming territory.
What were the main reasons for the conflicts between the Safavid and Mughal Empires?
-The main reasons for the conflicts between the Safavid and Mughal Empires were their desire to expand into the Persian Gulf and Central Asia, as well as their religious rivalry due to the Safavids being Shia Muslims and the Mughals being Sunni Muslims.
Why was the Moroccan invasion of the Songhai Empire successful?
-The Moroccan invasion was successful because they had gunpowder weapons, which the Songhai lacked, giving them a significant military advantage.
Outlines
🌏 Land-Based Empires Expansion (1450-1750)
This paragraph introduces Unit 3 of AP World History, focusing on the expansion of land-based empires from 1450 to 1750. The narrator outlines the commonalities among these empires: they were land-based, expanded during this period, and utilized gunpowder for military purposes, earning them the moniker 'gunpowder empires.' The Ottoman Empire is highlighted as the most significant Islamic empire of the time, expanding due to its control of the Dardanelles and the use of gunpowder weapons. The paragraph also mentions the upcoming discussion of sea-based empires and promotes a review guide for excelling in AP World History.
🔥 Conflicts Among Empires
The second paragraph delves into the conflicts that arose among the expanding empires due to their shared ambition for unlimited territorial growth. It provides two historical examples of such conflicts. The first is the Safavid-Mughal conflict, a series of wars in the 17th century between two Muslim empires, the Safavids (Shia Muslims) and the Mughals (Sunni Muslims), who both claimed to be the rightful heirs to previous Muslim dynasties. The second example is the Songhai Moroccan conflict, where the Moroccan Kingdom, taking advantage of the Songhai Empire's internal weaknesses, invaded and defeated them with gunpowder weapons, which the Songhai lacked. The paragraph concludes with a call to action for viewers to review for Unit 3 and to purchase the AP World History review guide for academic success.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Land-based Empires
💡Gunpowder Empires
💡Ottoman Empire
💡Safavid Empire
💡Mughal Empire
💡Qing Dynasty
💡Gunpowder Weapons
💡Religious Rivalry
💡Strategic Choke Point
💡Diplomacy
💡Internal Divisions
Highlights
Introduction to Unit 3 of AP World History focusing on land-based empires from 1450 to 1750.
Definition of land-based empires and their reliance on territorial holdings for power.
Comparison to sea-based empires that gain power from control of the seas.
Expansion of these empires during the period due to the use of gunpowder, hence the term 'gunpowder empires'.
The fall of the Mongol Empire led to the rise of new land-based empires.
The Ottoman Empire's significance as the most influential Islamic empire of the period.
The Ottoman Empire's control of the Dardanelles and its strategic use in expansion.
The Ottoman's development and use of gunpowder weapons.
The conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans in 1453, marking a significant expansion.
The Safavid Empire's establishment and its declaration as a Shia Muslim state.
Religious division between Shia and Sunni Muslims and its impact on empire relations.
The Mughal Empire's rise in South and Central Asia and its use of gunpowder for expansion.
Akbar's tolerant religious policies and effective administration leading to prosperity.
The Ming Dynasty's establishment and its ethnic Han identity.
The rise of the Qing Dynasty following the decline of the Ming Dynasty.
The Qing Dynasty's 40-year campaign to claim former Ming territory.
The ethnic tension caused by the Qing Dynasty's non-Han identity.
Conflicts between empires due to religious beliefs and political goals.
The Safavid-Mughal conflict over religious differences and territorial claims.
The Songhai Moroccan conflict due to weakening internal issues in the Songhai Empire.
Promotion of the AP World History Himler review guide for exam preparation.
Transcripts
all right welcome to unit 3 for AP World
History and that means it's time to talk
about how land-based Empires were
expanding in the time period 1450 to
1750 and that my friend is a juicy story
so if you're ready to get them brain
cows milk let's get to it now I'm going
to introduce you to these empires in a
minute but first let me tell you what
they all had in common first these
Empires were landbased which means their
power came from the extent of their
territorial Holdings now in the next
unit we're going to get cozy with
various seab based Empires which are
cropping up during this exact same time
period and the difference is that those
Empires get their power from you know
the sea second each of these Empires is
expanding during this period not unlike
my sweatpants on Thanksgiving Day and
Third the main cause of that expansion
was their militaristic use of gunpowder
and that's why you'll often hear them
referred to as gunpowder Empires which
is a good name because it would be much
more confusing if they were called
Douglas that's not funny I'm going to
cut anyway the point is these land-based
Empires that sprang up in the wake of
the fall of the Mongol empire were
growing in this period and it was the
empires that adopted gunpowder weapons
that came out on top and that reminds me
the equivalent of gunpowder in AP World
History is my himler review guy it's got
exclusive unit review videos note guides
to follow along practice questions
practice exams and answer keys for every
dang bit of it so if you want an A in
your class and a five on your examin May
then click the link in the description
and check it out okay now there are four
of these land-based Empires that you
have to know so let's get familiar with
first meet the Ottoman Empire which is
the most significant Islamic empire
during this period it was founded in the
14th century after the Mongol Empire
went the way of the dodo and it started
small but it grew rapidly for two
reasons first they controlled this bit
of water right here known as the dardel
it was a highly strategic choke point
and they used it to LA many of their
campaigns of expansion and second
Ottomans got busy developing and using
gunpowder weapons obviously and by the
beginning of our period much of
Southwestern Europe and Anatolia was
under ottoman control but perhaps one of
the most significant achievements of the
Ottomans was the sack of Constantinople
the heart of the Christian Byzantine
Empire in 1453 anyway ottoman Sultan
mehmed II sent his giant military along
with their giant cannons to lay Siege to
the city and start a blasting the walls
to pieces and that meant their military
could pour into the city for their
assault anyway the Ottomans renamed
Constantinople to istan buul and it
became the crown jewel of their growing
Empire by the end of our period in 1750
the Ottoman Empire had expanded
prodigiously second let's get to know
the safit Empire here in the Middle East
now it was established at the beginning
of the 1500s out of the ashes of former
Muslim empires and it also had a humble
beginning but as the empire grew under
the leadership of a sha named Ismael a
very significant development occurred
namely the Sha declared his Empire a
Shia Muslim State and let me explain why
that is kind of a big deal since before
this period two major divisions of Islam
developed the Shia and the Sunni without
getting too far into the significant
differences between these two Sexes it's
going to be enough for you to know that
their main beef had to do with their
conflicting beliefs about who was the
legitimate successor of Muhammad the
Shia believed that it could only be a
blood relative of Muhammad while the
sunnis believed successors could be
elected by the people anyway the reason
that decision was so significant is
because it made the sa ofid real stanky
in the nostrils of neighboring Sunni
Muslim empires most notably the mugal to
the East and the Ottomans to the West
anyway later under the rule of a guy
named sha abas the safh ofan military
was expanded like mad and they went
ahead and adopted gunpowder weapons and
then they had all they needed to start
expanding like an imperial boss okay
third let's meet the Muslim mugal empire
over here in South and Central Asia
which replaced the Delhi sulate in the
16th century under the leadership of our
boy babber and like the previous Empires
mentioned babber made use of an
expanding military armed with gunpowder
cannons and guns to extend the
geographic reach of his Empire but the
mugal Empire expanded even further under
babar's grandson Akbar no not that one
that one and this guy was all kinds of
tolerant of religious beliefs which was
real nice after centuries of Muslim rule
over the majority Hindu population add
Al Akbar was a masterful administrator
of the Empire and under his leadership
the mugal became the most prosperous
Empire of the 16th century and finally
you need to know that Ching dynasty in
China now let's back up for a second
with the decline of Mongol rule in China
a new dynasty was established namely the
Ming Dynasty in the 14th century now
it's going to be important to know that
the Ming dynasty was ethnically Han
which is to say that after the outsider
Mongols went away they established a
truly Chinese dynasty again the Ming
established peace and Order throughout
East Asia and expanded their borders
through what diplomacy no gun powder
gunpowder is always the answer in this
unit Anyway by the 1500s the Ming
dynasty was fracturing due to internal
divisions and external Wars and that's
when the Ming falls apart and we get the
rise of the Ching now the Ching dynasty
was established by another group of
Outsiders namely the Manu people to the
north of China in 1636 they went ahead
and took advantage of the fractured Ming
Dynasty and invaded to set up their own
Dynasty and from there Ching rulers
launched a 40-year campaign of Conquest
to claim all the former Ming territory
including Taiwan and portions of
Mongolia in Central Asia the important
thing to remember here for this unit is
that the man who were not ethnically Han
like the majority of China's population
which would later cause no small amount
of tension okay now that you know some
of the major land-based Empires you
further need to know that they got a
little spicy with one another what I
mean is since all these Empires had
unlimited expansion on their to-do list
it was inevitable that they would Clash
with one another and they did and their
clashes mainly had to do with
conflicting religious beliefs and
political goals and I'm in the mood to
give you two examples first was the safh
ofid mugal conflict which was a series
of wars fought between these two Muslim
empires in the 17th century now both
Empires had their eye on expanding into
the Persian Gulf in Central Asia but
even more to the point the conflict
erupted because of religious rivalry
remember earlier when I said it was kind
of a big deal that the safavids were
Shia Muslims well I wasn't just saying
that for poops and Giggles that decision
by Sha Ismail put the safavid into
direct conflict with the mugal who were
Sunni and both claimed to be the
rightful heirs to previous Muslim
dynasties so they started slapping each
other in a series of wars that lasted
decades which in the end had no clear
Victory and the second example was the
Sanai Moroccan conflict so the sonai
Empire had expanded significantly by the
16th century and had grown stupid Rich
because of their participation and
partial control of the trans Saharan
trade but right about that time they
began to weaken because of significant
internal problems and so the growing
Moroccan Kingdom to the north saw the
weakness and decided they wanted to have
more control over the trade routes
controlled by the sonai so in a surprise
Invasion the Moroccans whipped the song
High which they were able to do because
of their gunpowder weapons of which the
s High had none all right click here to
keep reviewing for unit 3 and click here
to grab my AP World himler review guide
which has everything you need to get an
A in your class and a five on your exam
in May and I'll catch on the flipflop
himler out
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