Teori Belajar Edward Lee Thorndike

Fenina Ayu

28 May 202007:56

Summary

TLDRIn this video, Fenina Ayu, Putri Amalia explains Edward Lee Thorndike's learning theory, which is based on the stimulus-response model. Thorndike, an American functionalist who developed the Russian version of behaviorism, proposed that learning occurs through trial and error. His theory includes three main laws: the Law of Exercise, stating that stimulus-response connections strengthen with use; the Law of Effect, suggesting that satisfying behaviors are repeated, while unsatisfying ones are not; and the Law of Readiness, which discusses an individual's preparedness to act and the resulting satisfaction or frustration. The video also covers how these laws apply to everyday life and education.

Takeaways

📚 Edward Lee Thorndike was a functionalist who shaped the Russian version of behaviorism in America.
🐾 Thorndike conducted research on animal behavior, including cats, dogs, and birds, reflecting the basic principles of learning.
🔗 The foundation of learning, according to Thorndike, is association where a stimulus elicits a specific response.
🔄 Thorndike's theory is known as the stimulus-response theory, emphasizing learning through trial and error.
🔄 Trial and error involves individuals trying out various behaviors to solve a problem.
🏋️‍♂️ The Law of Exercise states that the connection between stimulus and response strengthens with frequent use.
📉 The Law of Disuse indicates that the connection weakens if not practiced.
😃 The Law of Effect suggests that actions leading to satisfaction are likely to be repeated, while those causing dissatisfaction are not.
🎁 In education, the Law of Effect is applied through rewards and punishments to encourage or discourage behaviors.
💡 The Law of Readiness explains how an individual's readiness to act influences their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the action.
🚀 Thorndike's theory emphasizes that learning involves trial and error until the correct response is found.

Q & A

Who was Edward Lee Thorndike?
-Edward Lee Thorndike was technically a functionalist who contributed to the development of American behaviorism. He lived and taught in Columbia until his retirement in 1940 and is known for his research on animal intelligence.
What is the main principle of Thorndike's theory of learning?
-The main principle of Thorndike's theory of learning is the concept of 'stimulus-response.' This theory suggests that learning is based on associations, where a specific stimulus leads to a particular response.
What does the 'trial and error' method mean in Thorndike's theory?
-In Thorndike's theory, the 'trial and error' method means that when someone is faced with a problem, they try out various behaviors or actions until they find the one that solves the problem. It emphasizes learning through repeated attempts and making mistakes.
What are the three main laws in Thorndike's theory?
-The three main laws in Thorndike's theory are the Law of Exercise, the Law of Effect, and the Law of Readiness.
What is the 'Law of Exercise' in Thorndike's theory?
-The 'Law of Exercise' states that the connection between a stimulus and a response becomes stronger with frequent practice (repetition) and weaker if not practiced. This highlights the importance of repetition in learning.
How does the 'Law of Effect' influence learning?
-The 'Law of Effect' suggests that actions resulting in satisfaction are likely to be repeated, while actions leading to dissatisfaction are less likely to be repeated. It means that positive outcomes reinforce behavior, while negative outcomes discourage it.
How is the 'Law of Readiness' defined in Thorndike's theory?
-The 'Law of Readiness' explains that an individual must be ready or prepared to act. If someone is ready and can act, they will experience satisfaction. If they are not ready but forced to act, it leads to dissatisfaction.
Can you provide an example of the 'Law of Effect' in everyday life?
-An example of the 'Law of Effect' is when a student receives a reward for scoring well in mathematics, they feel satisfied and are motivated to study more to achieve similar rewards in the future. Conversely, if they are punished for a poor score, they may avoid the subject.
How can Thorndike's theory be applied to educational practices?
-Thorndike's theory can be applied to education through the use of rewards and punishments. For example, giving students praise or rewards for good performance encourages them to repeat the behavior, while appropriate consequences for mistakes can discourage negative behavior.
What is the significance of 'trial and error' in Thorndike's learning theory?
-'Trial and error' is significant in Thorndike's theory as it represents the process through which individuals learn by experimenting with different responses until they find the correct one. It emphasizes learning through experience and gradual improvement.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Edward Lee Thorndike's Learning Theory

Fenina Ayu, Putri Amalia introduces Edward Lee Thorndike, an American functionalist who adapted Russian behaviorism. He lived and taught at Colombia until his retirement in 1940. Thorndike published 'Animal Intelligence' and other works, which focused on the behavior of animals like cats, dogs, and birds. His research reflected the foundational principles of learning, emphasizing the association between stimulus and response. Thorndike's theory, known as the stimulus-response theory, suggests that learning occurs through trial and error. This process involves individuals generating behaviors to solve problems, with the conclusion that behaviors are tested one by one to address issues. Thorndike's three fundamental laws of learning are highlighted: the Law of Exercise, stating that the connection between stimulus and response strengthens with use; the Law of Effect, indicating that behaviors leading to satisfaction are repeated, while those causing dissatisfaction are not; and the application of these laws in education through rewards and punishments.

05:00

🔍 The Law of Readiness in Thorndike's Learning Theory

The third law discussed by Fenina Ayu, Putri Amalia is the Law of Readiness, which explains an individual's preparedness to act in certain situations. This law is illustrated through three scenarios: when an organism is ready to act and can fulfill that readiness, resulting in satisfaction; when an organism is ready but cannot act, leading to frustration; and when an organism is not ready but is forced to act, causing dissatisfaction and potentially a reluctance to learn. The explanation emphasizes the importance of readiness in the learning process and how it can lead to either satisfaction or a lack of motivation to learn. The summary also touches on the characteristics of trial-and-error learning, highlighting the role of motivation in driving responses and the elimination of unsuitable behaviors until the most appropriate response is found.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Edward Lee Thorndike

Edward Lee Thorndike was an American psychologist who made significant contributions to educational psychology. He is known as the father of educational psychology. In the video, Thorndike's theories of learning are discussed, emphasizing his influence on understanding how learning occurs through trial and error and the formation of stimulus-response connections.

💡Behaviorism

Behaviorism is a psychological theory that focuses on observable behaviors and the external factors that influence them. Thorndike was a functionalist and contributed to the development of behaviorism in the United States. The video discusses how his work with animal intelligence helped establish the principles of learning that are central to behaviorist theories.

💡Stimulus-Response Theory

The stimulus-response theory is a fundamental concept in learning that suggests learning occurs when a stimulus triggers a specific response. This theory is central to the video's theme, as it is used to explain how individuals learn through trial and error, adjusting their behaviors based on the consequences of their actions.

💡Trial and Error

Trial and error is a method of learning where individuals experiment with different behaviors to solve a problem, learning from the outcomes of their actions. The video emphasizes this concept as a key aspect of Thorndike's theory, illustrating how individuals learn by trying different solutions and repeating those that lead to desired outcomes.

💡Law of Exercise

The Law of Exercise, as discussed in the video, states that the connection between a stimulus and a response becomes stronger with frequent use. This law is integral to the video's message, showing how repetition and practice are essential for learning and retaining information.

💡Law of Effect

The Law of Effect posits that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, while those leading to unpleasant outcomes are less likely to be repeated. This law is highlighted in the video to explain how reinforcement and punishment can influence learning and behavior.

💡Readiness Law

The Readiness Law, as mentioned in the video, explains how an individual's readiness to perform an action can affect their learning experience. If an individual is ready and able to perform an action, they are likely to experience satisfaction; if not, they may experience frustration. This law is used in the video to discuss the importance of an individual's preparedness in the learning process.

💡Motivation

Motivation is an internal drive that encourages individuals to take action to achieve a goal. In the video, motivation is discussed as a key factor in the learning process, where individuals are driven to perform certain behaviors to satisfy their needs or desires, such as learning a new language.

💡Reinforcement

Reinforcement is a concept used in the video to describe the process of increasing the likelihood of a behavior occurring by following it with a positive outcome, such as a reward. It is used to illustrate how positive feedback can encourage individuals to repeat certain behaviors, thus reinforcing learning.

💡Punishment

Punishment, as discussed in the video, is the application of negative consequences to decrease the likelihood of a behavior. It is used to explain how negative feedback can deter individuals from repeating certain behaviors, which is an important aspect of learning to avoid undesirable actions.

💡Association

Association is a learning process where a connection is formed between a stimulus and a response. The video explains that learning, according to Thorndike, is fundamentally about forming associations, where repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to the development of a specific response.

Highlights

Introduction to Edward Lee Thorndike's learning theory

Thorndike was a functionalist and shaped the Russian behaviorism in America

Thorndike published 'Animal Intelligence' and other works

Learning is based on associations between stimuli and responses

The learning process involves trial and error

Three fundamental laws in Thorndike's theory

The Law of Exercise: Frequent use strengthens stimulus-response connections

The Law of Exercise: Lack of practice weakens connections

The Law of Effect: Satisfying actions are repeated

The Law of Effect: Unsatisfying actions are not repeated

Application of the Law of Effect in education through rewards and punishments

The Law of Readiness: Individuals are prepared to act in certain conditions

The Law of Readiness: Preparedness leads to satisfaction

The Law of Readiness: Lack of preparedness leads to dissatisfaction

The Law of Readiness: Forced actions without readiness lead to unsatisfactory outcomes

Characteristics of trial-and-error learning

Motivation drives individuals to respond to meet their needs

Inappropriate responses to motives are eliminated over time

Individuals eventually find the most suitable response

Invitation for questions after the explanation of Thorndike's theory