CM2-Stage Two of the Philippine Cooperative Movement (1941-1986)
Summary
TLDRThis chapter covers the evolution of cooperatives in the Philippines from 1941 to 1986, focusing on key periods like the Japanese occupation, post-World War II rehabilitation, and the resurgence of state-led initiatives. During the Japanese occupation, cooperatives saw a sharp rise, driven by severe food shortages. Post-war, several laws supported cooperative organization. Non-agricultural cooperatives emerged in the late 1950s, with religious and educational institutions playing roles. Under Martial Law in 1972, the government centralized cooperative efforts by creating the Bureau of Cooperative Development, which helped unify cooperative activities across the country.
Takeaways
- 📈 During the Japanese occupation, the number of cooperatives increased tremendously due to severe food shortages in Manila, with 5,000 consumer and producer cooperatives organized—a 77% increase.
- 🏢 Over 570 rural cooperatives existed by 1939, which further expanded during rehabilitation post-World War II, supported by government policies.
- 📜 Commonwealth Act No. 713, passed in 1945, revived the National Cooperative Administration with an appropriation of 5 million pesos for operations.
- 👷♂️ By 1946, around 1,500 cooperatives were organized without formal cooperative education, mainly for rehabilitation purposes.
- 🚫 The National Cooperative Administration was abolished in 1947, with its functions transferred to the Philippine Relief and Trade Rehabilitation Administration.
- 💼 Republic Act 336, passed in 1950, created the Cooperative Administration Office under the Department of Commerce and Industry, replacing previous agencies.
- 💰 Republic Act No. 583 of 1950 established the Small Farmers Cooperative Loan Fund to support rural financing and cooperative marketing initiatives.
- 🔋 In 1969, the National Electrification Administration was created to implement a rural electrification program, providing electricity to rural areas.
- 🎓 In 1989, the Institute of Cooperative was founded, offering a four-year cooperative management program with specializations in finance, business management, and education.
- ⚖️ During Martial Law in 1972, the Bureau of Cooperative Development was created to rationalize the cooperative system, and the Cooperative Union of the Philippines was formed to centralize education and training programs.
Q & A
What was the main impact of the Japanese occupation on cooperatives in the Philippines?
-During the Japanese occupation, cooperatives increased significantly, particularly in response to severe food shortages in urban areas like Manila. Over 5,000 consumer and producer cooperatives were organized, marking a 77% increase compared to previous years.
How did the rehabilitation period after World War II affect cooperatives in the Philippines?
-After World War II, many laws were passed to assist the organization of cooperatives, including Commonwealth Act No. 713, which revived the National Cooperatives Administration with a budget of 5 million pesos. Despite a lack of cooperative education, approximately 1,500 cooperatives were organized during this period.
What role did the National Cooperatives Administration (NCAA) play in the post-war cooperative movement?
-The NCAA played a key role in organizing and supporting cooperatives, but it was abolished in 1947, and its merchandising functions were transferred to the Philippine Relief and Trade Rehabilitation Administration.
What was the significance of Republic Act 336, passed in 1950?
-Republic Act 336, passed in 1950, created the Cooperative Administration Office under the Department of Commerce and Industry, replacing the National Cooperatives and Small Business Corporation (NCSBC), signaling the government's continued support for cooperative development.
How did the government support agricultural cooperatives in the 1950s?
-In 1951, the Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA) was created to support rural financing. It provided collateral pre-loans to farmers' cooperatives, with funding support from U.S. programs.
What marked the introduction of non-agricultural cooperatives in the Philippines?
-The introduction of non-agricultural cooperatives was marked by the passage of the Philippine Agricultural Credit Act (Republic Act No. 2023) in 1957. It aimed to expand the national economy by supporting cooperatives beyond agriculture, including financial cooperatives organized by the Roman Catholic Church.
What role did educational institutions play in the cooperative movement in the 1960s?
-In 1960, the University of the Philippines Los Baños established the Agricultural Credit Cooperative Institute (ACCI) to provide education and training in cooperative development, highlighting the role of academic institutions in strengthening cooperatives.
How did the National Electrification Administration (NEA) contribute to cooperative development?
-The National Electrification Administration (NEA), established in 1969, played a crucial role in the full implementation of the rural electrification program, which helped support rural cooperatives by providing access to electricity.
What was the significance of the establishment of the Institute of Cooperative in 1989?
-The Institute of Cooperative, founded in 1989, offered a formal educational program in cooperative financial management, business management, and community development, reflecting the growing institutional support for cooperative education.
How did martial law affect cooperatives in the Philippines?
-During martial law in 1972, the Bureau of Cooperative Development was created to rationalize the cooperative sector, and the Cooperative Union of the Philippines was formed to centralize coordination of education and training programs for cooperatives.
Outlines
🇵🇭 Japanese Occupation and Post-War Cooperative Revival
The second stage of Philippine cooperative management (1941-1986) covers significant historical periods, including the Japanese occupation and the rehabilitation following World War II. During the Japanese occupation, food shortages led to the organization of numerous cooperatives, with a 77% increase in consumer and producer cooperatives. After the war, the government passed multiple laws to support cooperative development, such as Commonwealth Act 713 of 1945 and Republic Act 336 of 1950, which reorganized and revitalized the cooperative movement. Various institutions were created, including the National Cooperative Administration and the National Cooperatives and Small Business Corporation, aimed at facilitating economic recovery through cooperative activities.
📚 Formation of the Institute of Cooperative and Martial Law Impact
In 1989, the Institute of Cooperative was founded, offering a four-year program with a focus on cooperative financial management, business management, and education. The introduction of this academic initiative highlights the increasing importance of cooperatives in the Philippine economy. Before martial law, cooperative efforts lacked coordination, but with the implementation of martial law in 1972, the Bureau of Cooperative Development was established. This aimed to rationalize cooperative operations, and the Cooperative Union of the Philippines was formed to centralize educational and training programs for cooperatives.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Japanese Occupation
💡Rehabilitation Period
💡National Cooperative Administration (NCAA)
💡State-Initiated Cooperatives
💡Non-Agricultural Cooperatives
💡Agricultural Credit Cooperative Institute (ACCI)
💡National Electrification Administration (NEA)
💡Martial Law Period
💡Cooperative Union of the Philippines (CUP)
💡Small Farmers Cooperative Loan Fund
Highlights
The cooperative movement in the Philippines saw a 77% increase in cooperatives during the Japanese occupation due to severe food shortages, particularly in urban areas like Manila.
By 1939, there were over 570 rural cooperatives, indicating a solid foundation of the movement prior to the war.
The rehabilitation period after World War II saw the passage of Commonwealth Act 713 in 1945, which revived the National Cooperative Administration with a funding of 5 million pesos.
In 1946, approximately 1,500 cooperative societies were organized even without formal cooperative education, highlighting the grassroots nature of the movement.
In 1947, the National Cooperative Administration was abolished, and its merchandising function was taken over by the Philippine Relief and Trade Rehabilitation Administration.
Executive Order No. 93 in 1947 transformed the National Cooperative Administration into the National Cooperatives and Small Business Corporation.
Republic Act 336, passed in 1950, created the Cooperative Administration Office under the Department of Commerce and Industry, further formalizing the government’s support.
Republic Act 583 in 1950 established the Small Farmers Cooperative Loan Fund, focusing on financial aid to small agricultural cooperatives.
State-initiated cooperatives were increasingly used to counter revolutionary activities in rural areas, with the government helping to organize farmer cooperatives.
In 1951, the Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA) was created to promote rural financing and provide collateralized loans.
Republic Act 2023 of 1957 introduced non-agricultural cooperatives, which expanded the scope of cooperatives to other sectors of the economy.
The Roman Catholic Church became involved in the cooperative movement in 1957, helping to organize financial cooperatives in parishes across the country.
The National Electrification Administration was created in 1969 to implement rural electrification, providing electricity to underserved areas through cooperatives.
The 1989 establishment of the Institute of Cooperative at the College of Commerce marked the development of formal education programs in cooperative financial management, business management, and community development.
During martial law in 1972, the Bureau of Cooperative Development was created to rationalize and oversee the cooperative movement, and the Cooperative Union of the Philippines was formed to centralize educational and training programs.
Transcripts
stage 2 of the philippine cooperative
management
1941-1986
in this chapter we will discuss about
the japanese occupation
rehabilitation period after the world
war ii
resurgence of the state-initiated
cooperative
and introduction of non-agricultural
cooperatives
and the martial law period
japanese occupation cooperatives
increase tremendously
severe food shortage in manila in urban
areas
around 5 000 consumers and producers
cooperative organized constituting 77
percent increase
over 570 rural cooperatives in 1939
rehabilitation period afterwards
many laws were passed to assist the
organization
and the organization of cooperatives
during their rehabilitation project
after world war ii commonwealth
act number 713 of november 1
1945 amended ca world war 565
which revived the national cooperative's
administration
with an appropriation of 5 million for
its operations
january to 1946 co-op society is
estimated
as one 500 were organized even without
co-op
education for the purposes of religious
rehabilitation problems
september 20 1947
the ncaa was abolished and its
merchandising function
was assumed by philippine relief and
trade rehabilitation
administration october 4
1947 executive order number
93 transformed the ncaa
into the national cooperatives and small
business corporation
republic 336 of november 30
1950 created the cooperative
administration
office under the department of commerce
and industry and replaced the ncsbc
ra number 583 of 1950
created the small farmers cooperative
loan fund
resurgence of state initiated
cooperative
to counter revolutionary activities
in these activities the state is good in
organizing the farmers and the
cooperative
so that it is useful for them to do
their job well
now on 1951 it in a year on accfa
for agricultural created cooperative
financing administration
part by implementing great tasks of
rural financing and objectives of the
law
the farmer's cooperative marketing
association opahomas
and producers marketing association of
programmers
provided collateral pre-loans founded by
the usa
being hinting
assets other collateral pledges
introduction of non-agricultural
cooperatives
in 1957 the philippine and agricultural
credit act or republic of number 2023
i've been implement paras
on a cooperative basis to expand their
national economy
also known 1957 the roman catholic
churches
it was not credit of cooperatives
in all parishes paramahatullo at
magprubaide
financial income paris among europe
[Music]
1960 ipinatayusa university of the
philippines los banos
an agricultural credit cooperative
institute or acci
[Music]
now on 1969 ang neya
on national electrification
administration
is created a full implementation of the
rural
electrification program that is
electricity
[Music]
1969 college of commerce
[Music]
[Music]
1989 the institute of cooperative was
founded
and over bachelor of cooperatives
the helitoy sending four-year-old
leatherness program named
lumpagibilian first option is the
cooperative financial management and
accounting
second is cooperative business
management
and the last option was cooperative
education
and community development
martial law period before martial law
no cooperation among operatives
government is organized and supervised
in coordinating cooperatives
during martial law in 1972 the bureau of
cooperative development created
to rationalize the cooperative world
the cooperative union of the philippines
formed
to centralize core donation of all
education
and training programs
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)