Kimia Industri - Proses Pengolahan Air (Bag.3 - Diagram Alir proses)

Pak Yoga

25 Jul 202004:53

Summary

TLDRThis video explains the process of water treatment, presented by Pak Yoga. It begins with pumping river water, followed by screening large debris using a bar screen. The water then undergoes coagulation and flocculation, using alum to remove colloidal impurities. Sedimentation follows, where heavy particles settle. The process continues with carbonation to lower pH levels using carbon dioxide. Filtration removes remaining impurities, and finally, chlorination is done to eliminate pathogens before the water is stored for distribution. Pak Yoga ends with a motivational quote about the value of knowledge.

Takeaways

💧 River water is pumped using a centrifugal pump for the initial stage of the treatment process.
🛑 The screening stage filters out macro impurities like wood, leaves, plastic bottles, and other large debris using a bar screen.
🧪 Coagulation and flocculation involve adding alum as a coagulant and lime (calcium hydroxide) to raise the pH of the water.
⚖️ Soda is added to neutralize excess lime during the coagulation and flocculation process.
🔗 Coagulation helps in the sedimentation of colloidal impurities by bonding them into larger particles.
⚙️ Flocculation combines smaller coagulated particles into larger flocs that can settle out of the water.
🌫️ In the sedimentation stage, gravity helps the larger flocs settle at the bottom of the sedimentation tank.
🌬️ In carbonation, CO2 is introduced to lower the water's pH by forming carbonic acid, obtained from methane combustion.
🏞️ Filtration passes water through sand filters to remove any remaining impurities, ensuring the water is clean.
🧼 Chlorination uses chlorine (or sodium chloride) to disinfect the water by killing pathogenic bacteria before it’s stored for distribution.

Q & A

What is the first step in the water treatment process described in the video?
-The first step is pumping river water using a centrifugal pump to the screening stage.
What happens during the screening stage of the water treatment process?
-During the screening stage, large debris like wood, leaves, and plastic bottles are filtered out using a bar screen.
What chemicals are added during the coagulation and flocculation stages, and what are their purposes?
-Tawas (alum) is added as a coagulant to help clump small particles, while lime (calcium hydroxide) is added to raise the pH, and soda is added to neutralize the excess lime.
What is the purpose of the coagulation process in water treatment?
-The coagulation process is used to gather fine suspended particles into larger particles, making them easier to settle or remove.
What occurs during the flocculation process?
-In flocculation, the small particles formed during coagulation combine to create larger flocs, which can then be settled out of the water.
What is the role of the sedimentation tank in the water treatment process?
-The sedimentation tank allows the larger flocs formed during flocculation to settle out of the water due to gravity.
How is pH adjusted during the carbonation process, and what is the source of carbon dioxide used?
-The pH is lowered using carbon dioxide, which is obtained from methane gas combustion. The CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid, reducing the pH.
What is the purpose of the filtration stage in the water treatment process?
-The filtration stage removes any remaining impurities from the water by passing it through sand, ensuring the water is free of residual particles.
What is the function of chlorination in the water treatment process?
-Chlorination involves adding sodium chloride or chlorine to disinfect the water, killing pathogenic bacteria and ensuring the water is safe for use.
What happens to the water after the chlorination process?
-After chlorination, the treated water is stored in a holding tank before being distributed to consumers for daily use.

Outlines

00:00

💧 Introduction to Water Treatment Process

The video begins with a greeting and an introduction by Pak Yoga, who will be discussing the water treatment process. The first phase involves pumping river water using a centrifugal pump to start the filtration process. This sets the stage for the detailed explanation of how water is processed.

🔍 Screening Stage: Macro Impurity Removal

In this stage, large impurities like wood, leaves, plastic bottles, and other sizable debris are filtered out using a bar screen. This prevents these large materials from progressing further into the water treatment process.

⚗️ Coagulation and Flocculation Process

This step involves adding alum as a coagulant and lime (calcium hydroxide) to increase the pH of the water. Soda is also added to neutralize excess lime. Coagulation helps in binding colloidal particles into larger clumps. Flocculation then follows, where small particles combine to form larger clumps (flocs) that can be easily removed in subsequent processes.

⚖️ Sedimentation: Gravity-Driven Separation

After coagulation and flocculation, the water is directed to the sedimentation tank where gravity pulls down the larger flocs formed during flocculation. These flocs settle at the bottom, separating them from the water. The sedimented water is then directed to the next stage.

🫧 Carbonation Process: pH Adjustment

In the carbonation stage, carbon dioxide (from methane combustion) is injected into the water, producing carbonic acid. This acid lowers the pH of the water. CO2 bubbles rise from the bottom of the tank, reacting with water to achieve the required pH balance.

🌫 Filtration Process: Final Purification

Here, water is filtered through sand to remove any remaining particles and impurities. This ensures that the water is clean and free from residual debris, making it suitable for use. The filtered water is then ready for the final stages of treatment.

🧪 Chlorination: Disinfection of Water

The final stage of water treatment involves the addition of chlorine (sodium chloride or calcium hypochlorite) to kill any remaining bacteria or pathogens. This step ensures the water is safe for consumption. The treated water is stored in a reservoir, ready for distribution to the public.

💡 Conclusion and Motivational Quote

The video concludes with a closing message from Pak Yoga, summarizing the water treatment process. He also shares a motivational quote from Abu Bakar as-Siddiq, highlighting the importance of knowledge. The video ends with a thank you and a farewell.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Centrifugal Pump

A centrifugal pump is a device used to move fluids by converting rotational energy into hydrodynamic energy. In the video, it is used to pump river water into the water treatment process, initiating the purification sequence by transferring water to the next stage.

💡Bar Screen

A bar screen is a mechanical filtration device that removes large debris such as wood, leaves, and plastic from the water. It is a critical early stage in water treatment, preventing larger contaminants from entering subsequent treatment stages.

💡Coagulation

Coagulation is the process where chemicals like alum (tawas) are added to water to neutralize particles, causing them to clump together into larger particles. This step is crucial for removing colloidal impurities, setting the stage for sedimentation and filtration.

💡Flocculation

Flocculation is the process where small particles formed during coagulation are combined into larger clumps, or 'flocs.' This step makes it easier to settle the impurities in the next stage, sedimentation. The video explains how small impurities are merged into bigger flocs, aiding in their removal.

💡Sedimentation

Sedimentation is the process of allowing suspended particles to settle out of the water by gravity. After flocculation, the larger flocs settle at the bottom of the sedimentation tank, effectively removing these impurities from the water.

💡pH Adjustment

pH adjustment refers to the process of correcting the acidity or alkalinity of water, which in the video is achieved by adding calcium hydroxide (lime) and soda. This is essential for optimizing the water’s condition for subsequent treatment steps and ensuring it’s safe for consumption.

💡Carbonation

Carbonation involves the introduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the water to lower its pH. In the video, CO2 is injected into the water through bubbling, forming carbonic acid. This process helps in adjusting the water’s pH for further treatment.

💡Filtration

Filtration is the process where water passes through a sand filter to remove remaining fine particles and impurities. This step ensures that the water is clear and free from contaminants that were not removed during earlier stages like sedimentation.

💡Chlorination

Chlorination is the addition of chlorine compounds, such as calcium hypochlorite (kaporit), to disinfect water. In the video, this process is used to kill harmful pathogens and bacteria, ensuring the water is safe for human consumption.

💡Storage Tank

A storage tank is where treated water is temporarily held before being distributed to consumers. The video mentions how, after all stages of treatment, the water is stored in a tank to ensure a stable supply for daily use by households or businesses.

Highlights

Introduction to the water treatment process flow diagram by Pak Yoga.

First step: River water is pumped into the system using a centrifugal pump.

Screening stage: Macro-sized impurities like wood, leaves, plastic bottles are filtered out using a bar screen.

Coagulation and flocculation process: Alum is added as a coagulant, lime (calcium hydroxide) to increase pH, and soda to neutralize excess lime.

Coagulation process: Chemical adsorption of colloidal-sized impurities using alum.

Flocculation process: Small particles from coagulation combine into larger flocs.

Sedimentation stage: Larger flocs settle down in the sedimentation tank using gravity.

Carbonation process: CO2 is used to lower the pH by creating carbonic acid. CO2 comes from methane gas combustion.

Filtration stage: Water is filtered through sand to remove remaining impurities.

Chlorination stage: Chlorine or sodium chloride is added to kill pathogenic bacteria.

Final storage: The treated water is stored in a tank before being distributed to consumers.

Motivational quote from Abu Bakar as-siddiq: 'Knowledge is life for the mind.'

Water after the filtration process can be used for washing.

Flocculation is the combination of smaller particles to form larger ones that settle easily.

Chlorination ensures that the water is safe for daily use by eliminating harmful bacteria.